commit: add short-circuit to paint_down_to_common()

When running 'git branch --contains', the in_merge_bases_many()
method calls paint_down_to_common() to discover if a specific
commit is reachable from a set of branches. Commits with lower
generation number are not needed to correctly answer the
containment query of in_merge_bases_many().

Add a new parameter, min_generation, to paint_down_to_common() that
prevents walking commits with generation number strictly less than
min_generation. If 0 is given, then there is no functional change.

For in_merge_bases_many(), we can pass commit->generation as the
cutoff, and this saves time during 'git branch --contains' queries
that would otherwise walk "around" the commit we are inspecting.

For a copy of the Linux repository, where HEAD is checked out at
v4.13~100, we get the following performance improvement for
'git branch --contains' over the previous commit:

Before: 0.21s
After:  0.13s
Rel %: -38%

Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <dstolee@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

commit.c

@@ -808,11 +808,14 @@ static int queue_has_nonstale(struct prio_queue *queue)
 }
 
 /* all input commits in one and twos[] must have been parsed! */
-static struct commit_list *paint_down_to_common(struct commit *one, int n, struct commit **twos)
+static struct commit_list *paint_down_to_common(struct commit *one, int n,
+						struct commit **twos,
+						int min_generation)
 {
 	struct prio_queue queue = { compare_commits_by_gen_then_commit_date };
 	struct commit_list *result = NULL;
 	int i;
+	uint32_t last_gen = GENERATION_NUMBER_INFINITY;
 
 	one->object.flags |= PARENT1;
 	if (!n) {
@@ -831,6 +834,15 @@ static struct commit_list *paint_down_to_common(struct commit *one, int n, struc
 		struct commit_list *parents;
 		int flags;
 
+		if (commit->generation > last_gen)
+			BUG("bad generation skip %8x > %8x at %s",
+			    commit->generation, last_gen,
+			    oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
+		last_gen = commit->generation;
+
+		if (commit->generation < min_generation)
+			break;
+
 		flags = commit->object.flags & (PARENT1 | PARENT2 | STALE);
 		if (flags == (PARENT1 | PARENT2)) {
 			if (!(commit->object.flags & RESULT)) {
@@ -879,7 +891,7 @@ static struct commit_list *merge_bases_many(struct commit *one, int n, struct co
 			return NULL;
 	}
 
-	list = paint_down_to_common(one, n, twos);
+	list = paint_down_to_common(one, n, twos, 0);
 
 	while (list) {
 		struct commit *commit = pop_commit(&list);
@@ -946,7 +958,7 @@ static int remove_redundant(struct commit **array, int cnt)
 			filled_index[filled] = j;
 			work[filled++] = array[j];
 		}
-		common = paint_down_to_common(array[i], filled, work);
+		common = paint_down_to_common(array[i], filled, work, 0);
 		if (array[i]->object.flags & PARENT2)
 			redundant[i] = 1;
 		for (j = 0; j < filled; j++)
@@ -1070,7 +1082,7 @@ int in_merge_bases_many(struct commit *commit, int nr_reference, struct commit *
 	if (commit->generation > min_generation)
 		return ret;
 
-	bases = paint_down_to_common(commit, nr_reference, reference);
+	bases = paint_down_to_common(commit, nr_reference, reference, commit->generation);
 	if (commit->object.flags & PARENT2)
 		ret = 1;
 	clear_commit_marks(commit, all_flags);