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From cacaa4836243264b1d8be579eed591a7dbe10d5f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Rui Matos <tiagomatos@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2017 17:32:43 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] housekeeping: Add a GPU memory usage notification
Only works on supported nvidia GPUs and nvidia binary driver
combinations.
---
meson.build | 1 +
plugins/housekeeping/gsd-gpu-mem.c | 261 +
plugins/housekeeping/gsd-gpu-mem.h | 33 +
.../housekeeping/gsd-housekeeping-manager.c | 7 +
plugins/housekeeping/meson.build | 7 +-
plugins/housekeeping/nvml/include/nvml.h | 4447 +++++++++++++++++
6 files changed, 4754 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 plugins/housekeeping/gsd-gpu-mem.c
create mode 100644 plugins/housekeeping/gsd-gpu-mem.h
create mode 100644 plugins/housekeeping/nvml/include/nvml.h
diff --git a/meson.build b/meson.build
index 5c66be4d..6067ec2e 100644
--- a/meson.build
+++ b/meson.build
@@ -76,60 +76,61 @@ endif
# Workaround for meson's bug
# https://github.com/mesonbuild/meson/pull/1896
if get_option('b_ndebug') == true
common_flags += ['-DG_DISABLE_ASSERT']
endif
add_project_arguments(common_flags + compiler_flags, language: 'c')
colord_dep = dependency('colord', version: '>= 1.0.2')
geocode_glib_dep = dependency('geocode-glib-1.0', version: '>= 3.10.0')
gio_dep = dependency('gio-2.0', version: '>= 2.53.0')
gio_unix_dep = dependency('gio-unix-2.0')
gnome_desktop_dep = dependency('gnome-desktop-3.0', version: '>= 3.11.1')
gsettings_desktop_dep = dependency('gsettings-desktop-schemas', version: '>= 3.23.3')
gtk_dep = dependency('gtk+-3.0', version: '>= 3.15.3')
gtk_x11_dep = dependency('gtk+-x11-3.0')
gweather_dep = dependency('gweather-3.0', version: '>= 3.9.5')
lcms_dep = dependency('lcms2', version: '>= 2.2')
libcanberra_gtk_dep = dependency('libcanberra-gtk3')
libgeoclue_dep = dependency('libgeoclue-2.0', version: '>= 2.3.1')
libnotify_dep = dependency('libnotify', version: '>= 0.7.3')
libpulse_mainloop_glib_dep = dependency('libpulse-mainloop-glib', version: '>= 2.0')
pango_dep = dependency('pango', version: '>= 1.20.0')
polkit_gobject_dep = dependency('polkit-gobject-1', version: '>= 0.103')
upower_glib_dep = dependency('upower-glib', version: '>= 0.99.0')
x11_dep = dependency('x11')
xtst_dep = dependency('xtst')
m_dep = cc.find_library('m')
+dl_dep = cc.find_library('dl')
# ALSA integration (default enabled)
enable_alsa = get_option('alsa')
assert(enable_alsa or not host_is_linux, 'ALSA is not optional on Linux platforms')
libgvc = subproject(
'gvc',
default_options: [
'static=true',
'alsa=' + enable_alsa.to_string()
]
)
libgvc_dep = libgvc.get_variable('libgvc_dep')
# GUdev integration (default enabled)
enable_gudev = get_option('gudev')
if enable_gudev
assert(enable_gudev, 'GUdev is not optional on Linux platforms')
gudev_dep = dependency('gudev-1.0')
endif
config_h.set('HAVE_GUDEV', enable_gudev)
# Check for libwayland-client
enable_wayland = get_option('wayland')
if enable_wayland
assert(enable_gudev, 'GUDev support is required for wayland support.')
wayland_client_dep = dependency('wayland-client')
endif
config_h.set10('HAVE_WAYLAND', enable_wayland)
diff --git a/plugins/housekeeping/gsd-gpu-mem.c b/plugins/housekeeping/gsd-gpu-mem.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a76579b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/housekeeping/gsd-gpu-mem.c
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 Red Hat, Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <glib.h>
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include "nvml/include/nvml.h"
+
+typedef nvmlReturn_t (*nvml_init_t) (void);
+static nvml_init_t nvml_init;
+typedef nvmlReturn_t (*nvml_device_get_handle_by_index_t) (unsigned int, nvmlDevice_t *);
+static nvml_device_get_handle_by_index_t nvml_device_get_handle_by_index;
+typedef nvmlReturn_t (*nvml_device_get_memory_info_t) (nvmlDevice_t, nvmlMemory_t *);
+static nvml_device_get_memory_info_t nvml_device_get_memory_info;
+typedef const char* (*nvml_error_string_t) (nvmlReturn_t);
+static nvml_error_string_t nvml_error_string;
+static void *nvml_handle = NULL;
+static gboolean nvml_loaded = FALSE;
+
+static gboolean
+nvml_load (void)
+{
+ char *error;
+
+ if (nvml_loaded)
+ goto out;
+ nvml_loaded = TRUE;
+
+ nvml_handle = dlopen ("libnvidia-ml.so", RTLD_LAZY);
+ error = dlerror();
+ if (!nvml_handle)
+ {
+ g_warning ("Loading NVML: %s", error);
+ goto out;
+ }
+
+ nvml_init = (nvml_init_t) dlsym (nvml_handle, "nvmlInit");
+ nvml_device_get_handle_by_index = (nvml_device_get_handle_by_index_t) dlsym (nvml_handle, "nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex");
+ nvml_device_get_memory_info = (nvml_device_get_memory_info_t) dlsym (nvml_handle, "nvmlDeviceGetMemoryInfo");
+ nvml_error_string = (nvml_error_string_t) dlsym (nvml_handle, "nvmlErrorString");
+ error = dlerror();
+ if (error)
+ {
+ g_warning ("Loading NVML: %s", error);
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+ goto out;
+
+ cleanup:
+ dlclose (nvml_handle);
+ nvml_handle = NULL;
+ out:
+ return nvml_handle != NULL;
+}
+
+static nvmlReturn_t nvml_status = NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED;
+static nvmlDevice_t nvml_device = NULL;
+
+static nvmlReturn_t
+nvml_warn (nvmlReturn_t rcode, const gchar *prefix)
+{
+ if (rcode != NVML_SUCCESS)
+ g_warning ("%s: %s", prefix, nvml_error_string (rcode));
+ return rcode;
+}
+
+static gboolean
+nvml_ready (void)
+{
+ if (!nvml_load ())
+ return FALSE;
+
+ if (nvml_status == NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED)
+ {
+ nvml_status = nvml_warn (nvml_init (), "Initializing NVML");
+ if (nvml_status == NVML_SUCCESS)
+ nvml_warn (nvml_device_get_handle_by_index (0, &nvml_device), "Getting NVML device 0");
+ }
+
+ return nvml_status == NVML_SUCCESS && nvml_device != NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+nvml_read_mem_info (nvmlMemory_t *mem_info)
+{
+ if (!nvml_ready ())
+ return;
+
+ nvml_device_get_memory_info (nvml_device, mem_info);
+}
+
+
+#include <gio/gdesktopappinfo.h>
+#include <libnotify/notify.h>
+#include "gsd-gpu-mem.h"
+
+#define POLLING_INTERVAL 30
+#define MEM_USAGE_NOTIFY_THRESHOLD 0.80
+
+struct _GsdGpuMem
+{
+ GObject parent_instance;
+
+ guint timeout_id;
+
+ GDesktopAppInfo *sysmon_app_info;
+ NotifyNotification *notification;
+};
+
+G_DEFINE_TYPE (GsdGpuMem, gsd_gpu_mem, G_TYPE_OBJECT)
+
+static void
+clear_timeout (GsdGpuMem *self)
+{
+ if (self->timeout_id != 0)
+ {
+ g_source_remove (self->timeout_id);
+ self->timeout_id = 0;
+ }
+}
+
+static void
+notification_closed (GsdGpuMem *self)
+{
+ g_clear_object (&self->notification);
+}
+
+static void
+unnotify (GsdGpuMem *self)
+{
+ if (!self->notification)
+ return;
+
+ notify_notification_close (self->notification, NULL);
+}
+
+static void
+ignore_callback (NotifyNotification *n,
+ const char *a,
+ GsdGpuMem *self)
+{
+ unnotify (self);
+ clear_timeout (self);
+}
+
+static void
+examine_callback (NotifyNotification *n,
+ const char *a,
+ GsdGpuMem *self)
+
+{
+ unnotify (self);
+ g_app_info_launch (G_APP_INFO (self->sysmon_app_info), NULL, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+static void
+notify (GsdGpuMem *self, double mem_usage)
+{
+ const gchar *summary = "Running low on GPU memory";
+ const gchar *icon_name = "utilities-system-monitor-symbolic";
+ g_autofree gchar *body = g_strdup_printf ("GPU memory usage is at %d%%. "
+ "You may free up some memory by closing some applications.",
+ (int) round (mem_usage * 100));
+ if (self->notification)
+ {
+ notify_notification_update (self->notification, summary, body, icon_name);
+ notify_notification_show (self->notification, NULL);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ self->notification = notify_notification_new (summary, body, icon_name);
+ g_signal_connect_object (self->notification, "closed",
+ G_CALLBACK (notification_closed),
+ self, G_CONNECT_SWAPPED);
+
+ notify_notification_set_app_name (self->notification, "GPU memory");
+
+ notify_notification_add_action (self->notification,
+ "ignore",
+ "Ignore",
+ (NotifyActionCallback) ignore_callback,
+ self, NULL);
+
+ if (self->sysmon_app_info)
+ notify_notification_add_action (self->notification,
+ "examine",
+ "Examine",
+ (NotifyActionCallback) examine_callback,
+ self, NULL);
+
+ notify_notification_show (self->notification, NULL);
+}
+
+static gboolean
+poll_gpu_memory (gpointer user_data)
+{
+ GsdGpuMem *self = user_data;
+ nvmlMemory_t mem_info = { 0 };
+ double mem_usage = 0.0;
+
+ nvml_read_mem_info (&mem_info);
+ if (mem_info.total > 0)
+ mem_usage = (double) mem_info.used / mem_info.total;
+
+ if (mem_usage > MEM_USAGE_NOTIFY_THRESHOLD)
+ {
+ notify (self, mem_usage);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ unnotify (self);
+ }
+
+ return G_SOURCE_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static void
+gsd_gpu_mem_init (GsdGpuMem *self)
+{
+ if (!nvml_ready ())
+ return;
+
+ self->timeout_id = g_timeout_add_seconds (POLLING_INTERVAL, poll_gpu_memory, self);
+ self->sysmon_app_info = g_desktop_app_info_new ("gnome-system-monitor.desktop");
+}
+
+static void
+gsd_gpu_mem_finalize (GObject *object)
+{
+ GsdGpuMem *self = GSD_GPU_MEM (object);
+
+ clear_timeout (self);
+ g_clear_object (&self->sysmon_app_info);
+ unnotify (self);
+
+ G_OBJECT_CLASS (gsd_gpu_mem_parent_class)->finalize (object);
+}
+
+static void
+gsd_gpu_mem_class_init (GsdGpuMemClass *klass)
+{
+ GObjectClass *gobject_class = G_OBJECT_CLASS (klass);
+
+ gobject_class->finalize = gsd_gpu_mem_finalize;
+}
diff --git a/plugins/housekeeping/gsd-gpu-mem.h b/plugins/housekeeping/gsd-gpu-mem.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f8967879
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/housekeeping/gsd-gpu-mem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 Red Hat, Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef _GSD_GPU_MEM_H
+#define _GSD_GPU_MEM_H
+
+#include <glib-object.h>
+
+G_BEGIN_DECLS
+
+#define GSD_TYPE_GPU_MEM (gsd_gpu_mem_get_type ())
+G_DECLARE_FINAL_TYPE (GsdGpuMem, gsd_gpu_mem,
+ GSD, GPU_MEM, GObject)
+
+G_END_DECLS
+
+#endif /* _GSD_GPU_MEM_H */
diff --git a/plugins/housekeeping/gsd-housekeeping-manager.c b/plugins/housekeeping/gsd-housekeeping-manager.c
index 2c94e35d..5efb0aaa 100644
--- a/plugins/housekeeping/gsd-housekeeping-manager.c
+++ b/plugins/housekeeping/gsd-housekeeping-manager.c
@@ -1,89 +1,92 @@
/*
* Copyright (C) 2008 Michael J. Chudobiak <mjc@avtechpulse.com>
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*
*/
#include "config.h"
#include <gio/gio.h>
#include <glib/gstdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <libnotify/notify.h>
#include "gnome-settings-profile.h"
#include "gsd-housekeeping-manager.h"
#include "gsd-disk-space.h"
+#include "gsd-gpu-mem.h"
/* General */
#define INTERVAL_ONCE_A_DAY 24*60*60
#define INTERVAL_TWO_MINUTES 2*60
/* Thumbnail cleaner */
#define THUMB_PREFIX "org.gnome.desktop.thumbnail-cache"
#define THUMB_AGE_KEY "maximum-age"
#define THUMB_SIZE_KEY "maximum-size"
#define GSD_HOUSEKEEPING_DBUS_PATH "/org/gnome/SettingsDaemon/Housekeeping"
static const gchar introspection_xml[] =
"<node>"
" <interface name='org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Housekeeping'>"
" <method name='EmptyTrash'/>"
" <method name='RemoveTempFiles'/>"
" </interface>"
"</node>";
struct GsdHousekeepingManagerPrivate {
GSettings *settings;
guint long_term_cb;
guint short_term_cb;
GDBusNodeInfo *introspection_data;
GDBusConnection *connection;
GCancellable *bus_cancellable;
guint name_id;
+
+ GsdGpuMem *gpu_mem_notifier;
};
#define GSD_HOUSEKEEPING_MANAGER_GET_PRIVATE(o) (G_TYPE_INSTANCE_GET_PRIVATE ((o), GSD_TYPE_HOUSEKEEPING_MANAGER, GsdHousekeepingManagerPrivate))
static void gsd_housekeeping_manager_class_init (GsdHousekeepingManagerClass *klass);
static void gsd_housekeeping_manager_init (GsdHousekeepingManager *housekeeping_manager);
G_DEFINE_TYPE (GsdHousekeepingManager, gsd_housekeeping_manager, G_TYPE_OBJECT)
static gpointer manager_object = NULL;
typedef struct {
glong now;
glong max_age;
goffset total_size;
goffset max_size;
} PurgeData;
typedef struct {
time_t mtime;
char *path;
glong size;
} ThumbData;
static void
thumb_data_free (gpointer data)
{
@@ -384,101 +387,105 @@ gsd_housekeeping_manager_start (GsdHousekeepingManager *manager,
{
gchar *dir;
g_debug ("Starting housekeeping manager");
gnome_settings_profile_start (NULL);
/* Create ~/.local/ as early as possible */
(void) g_mkdir_with_parents(g_get_user_data_dir (), 0700);
/* Create ~/.local/share/applications/, see
* https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=703048 */
dir = g_build_filename (g_get_user_data_dir (), "applications", NULL);
(void) g_mkdir (dir, 0700);
g_free (dir);
gsd_ldsm_setup (FALSE);
manager->priv->settings = g_settings_new (THUMB_PREFIX);
g_signal_connect (G_OBJECT (manager->priv->settings), "changed",
G_CALLBACK (settings_changed_callback), manager);
/* Clean once, a few minutes after start-up */
do_cleanup_soon (manager);
/* Clean periodically, on a daily basis. */
manager->priv->long_term_cb = g_timeout_add_seconds (INTERVAL_ONCE_A_DAY,
(GSourceFunc) do_cleanup,
manager);
g_source_set_name_by_id (manager->priv->long_term_cb, "[gnome-settings-daemon] do_cleanup");
+ manager->priv->gpu_mem_notifier = g_object_new (GSD_TYPE_GPU_MEM, NULL);
+
gnome_settings_profile_end (NULL);
return TRUE;
}
void
gsd_housekeeping_manager_stop (GsdHousekeepingManager *manager)
{
GsdHousekeepingManagerPrivate *p = manager->priv;
g_debug ("Stopping housekeeping manager");
if (manager->priv->name_id != 0) {
g_bus_unown_name (manager->priv->name_id);
manager->priv->name_id = 0;
}
g_clear_object (&p->bus_cancellable);
g_clear_pointer (&p->introspection_data, g_dbus_node_info_unref);
g_clear_object (&p->connection);
if (p->short_term_cb) {
g_source_remove (p->short_term_cb);
p->short_term_cb = 0;
}
if (p->long_term_cb) {
g_source_remove (p->long_term_cb);
p->long_term_cb = 0;
/* Do a clean-up on shutdown if and only if the size or age
limits have been set to paranoid levels (zero) */
if ((g_settings_get_int (p->settings, THUMB_AGE_KEY) == 0) ||
(g_settings_get_int (p->settings, THUMB_SIZE_KEY) == 0)) {
do_cleanup (manager);
}
}
g_clear_object (&p->settings);
gsd_ldsm_clean ();
+
+ g_clear_object (&p->gpu_mem_notifier);
}
static void
gsd_housekeeping_manager_finalize (GObject *object)
{
gsd_housekeeping_manager_stop (GSD_HOUSEKEEPING_MANAGER (object));
G_OBJECT_CLASS (gsd_housekeeping_manager_parent_class)->finalize (object);
}
static void
gsd_housekeeping_manager_class_init (GsdHousekeepingManagerClass *klass)
{
GObjectClass *object_class = G_OBJECT_CLASS (klass);
object_class->finalize = gsd_housekeeping_manager_finalize;
notify_init ("gnome-settings-daemon");
g_type_class_add_private (klass, sizeof (GsdHousekeepingManagerPrivate));
}
static void
gsd_housekeeping_manager_init (GsdHousekeepingManager *manager)
{
manager->priv = GSD_HOUSEKEEPING_MANAGER_GET_PRIVATE (manager);
}
GsdHousekeepingManager *
gsd_housekeeping_manager_new (void)
diff --git a/plugins/housekeeping/meson.build b/plugins/housekeeping/meson.build
index 5ac2455e..8582d10c 100644
--- a/plugins/housekeeping/meson.build
+++ b/plugins/housekeeping/meson.build
@@ -1,40 +1,43 @@
common_files = files(
'gsd-disk-space.c',
- 'gsd-disk-space-helper.c'
+ 'gsd-disk-space-helper.c',
+ 'gsd-gpu-mem.c'
)
sources = common_files + files(
'gsd-housekeeping-manager.c',
'main.c'
)
deps = plugins_deps + [
gtk_dep,
- libnotify_dep
+ libnotify_dep,
+ m_dep,
+ dl_dep
]
executable(
'gsd-' + plugin_name,
sources,
include_directories: [top_inc, common_inc],
dependencies: deps,
c_args: cflags,
install: true,
install_rpath: gsd_pkglibdir,
install_dir: gsd_libexecdir
)
programs = [
'gsd-disk-space-test',
'gsd-empty-trash-test',
'gsd-purge-temp-test'
]
foreach program: programs
executable(
program,
common_files + [program + '.c'],
include_directories: top_inc,
dependencies: deps
)
endforeach
diff --git a/plugins/housekeeping/nvml/include/nvml.h b/plugins/housekeeping/nvml/include/nvml.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f151007e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/housekeeping/nvml/include/nvml.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4447 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 1993-2016 NVIDIA Corporation. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * NOTICE TO USER:
+ *
+ * This source code is subject to NVIDIA ownership rights under U.S. and
+ * international Copyright laws. Users and possessors of this source code
+ * are hereby granted a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to use this code
+ * in individual and commercial software.
+ *
+ * NVIDIA MAKES NO REPRESENTATION ABOUT THE SUITABILITY OF THIS SOURCE
+ * CODE FOR ANY PURPOSE. IT IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. NVIDIA DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
+ * REGARD TO THIS SOURCE CODE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL NVIDIA BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS
+ * OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
+ * OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE
+ * OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOURCE CODE.
+ *
+ * U.S. Government End Users. This source code is a "commercial item" as
+ * that term is defined at 48 C.F.R. 2.101 (OCT 1995), consisting of
+ * "commercial computer software" and "commercial computer software
+ * documentation" as such terms are used in 48 C.F.R. 12.212 (SEPT 1995)
+ * and is provided to the U.S. Government only as a commercial end item.
+ * Consistent with 48 C.F.R.12.212 and 48 C.F.R. 227.7202-1 through
+ * 227.7202-4 (JUNE 1995), all U.S. Government End Users acquire the
+ * source code with only those rights set forth herein.
+ *
+ * Any use of this source code in individual and commercial software must
+ * include, in the user documentation and internal comments to the code,
+ * the above Disclaimer and U.S. Government End Users Notice.
+ */
+
+/*
+NVML API Reference
+
+The NVIDIA Management Library (NVML) is a C-based programmatic interface for monitoring and
+managing various states within NVIDIA Tesla &tm; GPUs. It is intended to be a platform for building
+3rd party applications, and is also the underlying library for the NVIDIA-supported nvidia-smi
+tool. NVML is thread-safe so it is safe to make simultaneous NVML calls from multiple threads.
+
+API Documentation
+
+Supported platforms:
+- Windows: Windows Server 2008 R2 64bit, Windows Server 2012 R2 64bit, Windows 7 64bit, Windows 8 64bit, Windows 10 64bit
+- Linux: 32-bit and 64-bit
+- Hypervisors: Windows Server 2008R2/2012 Hyper-V 64bit, Citrix XenServer 6.2 SP1+, VMware ESX 5.1/5.5
+
+Supported products:
+- Full Support
+ - All Tesla products, starting with the Fermi architecture
+ - All Quadro products, starting with the Fermi architecture
+ - All GRID products, starting with the Kepler architecture
+ - Selected GeForce Titan products
+- Limited Support
+ - All Geforce products, starting with the Fermi architecture
+
+The NVML library can be found at \%ProgramW6432\%\\"NVIDIA Corporation"\\NVSMI\\ on Windows. It is
+not be added to the system path by default. To dynamically link to NVML, add this path to the PATH
+environmental variable. To dynamically load NVML, call LoadLibrary with this path.
+
+On Linux the NVML library will be found on the standard library path. For 64 bit Linux, both the 32 bit
+and 64 bit NVML libraries will be installed.
+
+Online documentation for this library is available at http://docs.nvidia.com/deploy/nvml-api/index.html
+*/
+
+#ifndef __nvml_nvml_h__
+#define __nvml_nvml_h__
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * On Windows, set up methods for DLL export
+ * define NVML_STATIC_IMPORT when using nvml_loader library
+ */
+#if defined _WINDOWS
+ #if !defined NVML_STATIC_IMPORT
+ #if defined NVML_LIB_EXPORT
+ #define DECLDIR __declspec(dllexport)
+ #else
+ #define DECLDIR __declspec(dllimport)
+ #endif
+ #else
+ #define DECLDIR
+ #endif
+#else
+ #define DECLDIR
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * NVML API versioning support
+ */
+#define NVML_API_VERSION 8
+#define NVML_API_VERSION_STR "8"
+#define nvmlInit nvmlInit_v2
+#define nvmlDeviceGetPciInfo nvmlDeviceGetPciInfo_v2
+#define nvmlDeviceGetCount nvmlDeviceGetCount_v2
+#define nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex_v2
+#define nvmlDeviceGetHandleByPciBusId nvmlDeviceGetHandleByPciBusId_v2
+
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+/** @defgroup nvmlDeviceStructs Device Structs
+ * @{
+ */
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Special constant that some fields take when they are not available.
+ * Used when only part of the struct is not available.
+ *
+ * Each structure explicitly states when to check for this value.
+ */
+#define NVML_VALUE_NOT_AVAILABLE (-1)
+
+typedef struct nvmlDevice_st* nvmlDevice_t;
+
+/**
+ * Buffer size guaranteed to be large enough for pci bus id
+ */
+#define NVML_DEVICE_PCI_BUS_ID_BUFFER_SIZE 16
+
+/**
+ * PCI information about a GPU device.
+ */
+typedef struct nvmlPciInfo_st
+{
+ char busId[NVML_DEVICE_PCI_BUS_ID_BUFFER_SIZE]; //!< The tuple domain:bus:device.function PCI identifier (&amp; NULL terminator)
+ unsigned int domain; //!< The PCI domain on which the device's bus resides, 0 to 0xffff
+ unsigned int bus; //!< The bus on which the device resides, 0 to 0xff
+ unsigned int device; //!< The device's id on the bus, 0 to 31
+ unsigned int pciDeviceId; //!< The combined 16-bit device id and 16-bit vendor id
+
+ // Added in NVML 2.285 API
+ unsigned int pciSubSystemId; //!< The 32-bit Sub System Device ID
+
+ // NVIDIA reserved for internal use only
+ unsigned int reserved0;
+ unsigned int reserved1;
+ unsigned int reserved2;
+ unsigned int reserved3;
+} nvmlPciInfo_t;
+
+/**
+ * Detailed ECC error counts for a device.
+ *
+ * @deprecated Different GPU families can have different memory error counters
+ * See \ref nvmlDeviceGetMemoryErrorCounter
+ */
+typedef struct nvmlEccErrorCounts_st
+{
+ unsigned long long l1Cache; //!< L1 cache errors
+ unsigned long long l2Cache; //!< L2 cache errors
+ unsigned long long deviceMemory; //!< Device memory errors
+ unsigned long long registerFile; //!< Register file errors
+} nvmlEccErrorCounts_t;
+
+/**
+ * Utilization information for a device.
+ * Each sample period may be between 1 second and 1/6 second, depending on the product being queried.
+ */
+typedef struct nvmlUtilization_st
+{
+ unsigned int gpu; //!< Percent of time over the past sample period during which one or more kernels was executing on the GPU
+ unsigned int memory; //!< Percent of time over the past sample period during which global (device) memory was being read or written
+} nvmlUtilization_t;
+
+/**
+ * Memory allocation information for a device.
+ */
+typedef struct nvmlMemory_st
+{
+ unsigned long long total; //!< Total installed FB memory (in bytes)
+ unsigned long long free; //!< Unallocated FB memory (in bytes)
+ unsigned long long used; //!< Allocated FB memory (in bytes). Note that the driver/GPU always sets aside a small amount of memory for bookkeeping
+} nvmlMemory_t;
+
+/**
+ * BAR1 Memory allocation Information for a device
+ */
+typedef struct nvmlBAR1Memory_st
+{
+ unsigned long long bar1Total; //!< Total BAR1 Memory (in bytes)
+ unsigned long long bar1Free; //!< Unallocated BAR1 Memory (in bytes)
+ unsigned long long bar1Used; //!< Allocated Used Memory (in bytes)
+}nvmlBAR1Memory_t;
+
+/**
+ * Information about running compute processes on the GPU
+ */
+typedef struct nvmlProcessInfo_st
+{
+ unsigned int pid; //!< Process ID
+ unsigned long long usedGpuMemory; //!< Amount of used GPU memory in bytes.
+ //! Under WDDM, \ref NVML_VALUE_NOT_AVAILABLE is always reported
+ //! because Windows KMD manages all the memory and not the NVIDIA driver
+} nvmlProcessInfo_t;
+
+
+/**
+ * Enum to represent type of bridge chip
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlBridgeChipType_enum
+{
+ NVML_BRIDGE_CHIP_PLX = 0,
+ NVML_BRIDGE_CHIP_BRO4 = 1
+}nvmlBridgeChipType_t;
+
+/**
+ * Maximum number of NvLink links supported
+ */
+#define NVML_NVLINK_MAX_LINKS 4
+
+/**
+ * Enum to represent the NvLink utilization counter packet units
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlNvLinkUtilizationCountUnits_enum
+{
+ NVML_NVLINK_COUNTER_UNIT_CYCLES = 0, // count by cycles
+ NVML_NVLINK_COUNTER_UNIT_PACKETS = 1, // count by packets
+ NVML_NVLINK_COUNTER_UNIT_BYTES = 2, // count by bytes
+
+ // this must be last
+ NVML_NVLINK_COUNTER_UNIT_COUNT
+} nvmlNvLinkUtilizationCountUnits_t;
+
+/**
+ * Enum to represent the NvLink utilization counter packet types to count
+ * ** this is ONLY applicable with the units as packets or bytes
+ * ** as specified in \a nvmlNvLinkUtilizationCountUnits_t
+ * ** all packet filter descriptions are target GPU centric
+ * ** these can be "OR'd" together
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlNvLinkUtilizationCountPktTypes_enum
+{
+ NVML_NVLINK_COUNTER_PKTFILTER_NOP = 0x1, // no operation packets
+ NVML_NVLINK_COUNTER_PKTFILTER_READ = 0x2, // read packets
+ NVML_NVLINK_COUNTER_PKTFILTER_WRITE = 0x4, // write packets
+ NVML_NVLINK_COUNTER_PKTFILTER_RATOM = 0x8, // reduction atomic requests
+ NVML_NVLINK_COUNTER_PKTFILTER_NRATOM = 0x10, // non-reduction atomic requests
+ NVML_NVLINK_COUNTER_PKTFILTER_FLUSH = 0x20, // flush requests
+ NVML_NVLINK_COUNTER_PKTFILTER_RESPDATA = 0x40, // responses with data
+ NVML_NVLINK_COUNTER_PKTFILTER_RESPNODATA = 0x80, // responses without data
+ NVML_NVLINK_COUNTER_PKTFILTER_ALL = 0xFF // all packets
+} nvmlNvLinkUtilizationCountPktTypes_t;
+
+/**
+ * Struct to define the NVLINK counter controls
+ */
+typedef struct nvmlNvLinkUtilizationControl_st
+{
+ nvmlNvLinkUtilizationCountUnits_t units;
+ nvmlNvLinkUtilizationCountPktTypes_t pktfilter;
+} nvmlNvLinkUtilizationControl_t;
+
+/**
+ * Enum to represent NvLink queryable capabilities
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlNvLinkCapability_enum
+{
+ NVML_NVLINK_CAP_P2P_SUPPORTED = 0, // P2P over NVLink is supported
+ NVML_NVLINK_CAP_SYSMEM_ACCESS = 1, // Access to system memory is supported
+ NVML_NVLINK_CAP_P2P_ATOMICS = 2, // P2P atomics are supported
+ NVML_NVLINK_CAP_SYSMEM_ATOMICS= 3, // System memory atomics are supported
+ NVML_NVLINK_CAP_SLI_BRIDGE = 4, // SLI is supported over this link
+ NVML_NVLINK_CAP_VALID = 5, // Link is supported on this device
+ // should be last
+ NVML_NVLINK_CAP_COUNT
+} nvmlNvLinkCapability_t;
+
+/**
+ * Enum to represent NvLink queryable error counters
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlNvLinkErrorCounter_enum
+{
+ NVML_NVLINK_ERROR_DL_REPLAY = 0, // Data link transmit replay error counter
+ NVML_NVLINK_ERROR_DL_RECOVERY = 1, // Data link transmit recovery error counter
+ NVML_NVLINK_ERROR_DL_CRC_FLIT = 2, // Data link receive flow control digit CRC error counter
+ NVML_NVLINK_ERROR_DL_CRC_DATA = 3, // Data link receive data CRC error counter
+
+ // this must be last
+ NVML_NVLINK_ERROR_COUNT
+} nvmlNvLinkErrorCounter_t;
+
+/**
+ * Represents level relationships within a system between two GPUs
+ * The enums are spaced to allow for future relationships
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlGpuLevel_enum
+{
+ NVML_TOPOLOGY_INTERNAL = 0, // e.g. Tesla K80
+ NVML_TOPOLOGY_SINGLE = 10, // all devices that only need traverse a single PCIe switch
+ NVML_TOPOLOGY_MULTIPLE = 20, // all devices that need not traverse a host bridge
+ NVML_TOPOLOGY_HOSTBRIDGE = 30, // all devices that are connected to the same host bridge
+ NVML_TOPOLOGY_CPU = 40, // all devices that are connected to the same CPU but possibly multiple host bridges
+ NVML_TOPOLOGY_SYSTEM = 50, // all devices in the system
+
+ // there is purposefully no COUNT here because of the need for spacing above
+} nvmlGpuTopologyLevel_t;
+
+/* P2P Capability Index Status*/
+typedef enum nvmlGpuP2PStatus_enum
+{
+ NVML_P2P_STATUS_OK = 0,
+ NVML_P2P_STATUS_CHIPSET_NOT_SUPPORED,
+ NVML_P2P_STATUS_GPU_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+ NVML_P2P_STATUS_IOH_TOPOLOGY_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+ NVML_P2P_STATUS_DISABLED_BY_REGKEY,
+ NVML_P2P_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+ NVML_P2P_STATUS_UNKNOWN
+
+} nvmlGpuP2PStatus_t;
+
+/* P2P Capability Index*/
+typedef enum nvmlGpuP2PCapsIndex_enum
+{
+ NVML_P2P_CAPS_INDEX_READ = 0,
+ NVML_P2P_CAPS_INDEX_WRITE,
+ NVML_P2P_CAPS_INDEX_NVLINK,
+ NVML_P2P_CAPS_INDEX_ATOMICS,
+ NVML_P2P_CAPS_INDEX_PROP,
+ NVML_P2P_CAPS_INDEX_UNKNOWN
+}nvmlGpuP2PCapsIndex_t;
+
+/**
+ * Maximum limit on Physical Bridges per Board
+ */
+#define NVML_MAX_PHYSICAL_BRIDGE (128)
+
+/**
+ * Information about the Bridge Chip Firmware
+ */
+typedef struct nvmlBridgeChipInfo_st
+{
+ nvmlBridgeChipType_t type; //!< Type of Bridge Chip
+ unsigned int fwVersion; //!< Firmware Version. 0=Version is unavailable
+}nvmlBridgeChipInfo_t;
+
+/**
+ * This structure stores the complete Hierarchy of the Bridge Chip within the board. The immediate
+ * bridge is stored at index 0 of bridgeInfoList, parent to immediate bridge is at index 1 and so forth.
+ */
+typedef struct nvmlBridgeChipHierarchy_st
+{
+ unsigned char bridgeCount; //!< Number of Bridge Chips on the Board
+ nvmlBridgeChipInfo_t bridgeChipInfo[NVML_MAX_PHYSICAL_BRIDGE]; //!< Hierarchy of Bridge Chips on the board
+}nvmlBridgeChipHierarchy_t;
+
+/**
+ * Represents Type of Sampling Event
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlSamplingType_enum
+{
+ NVML_TOTAL_POWER_SAMPLES = 0, //!< To represent total power drawn by GPU
+ NVML_GPU_UTILIZATION_SAMPLES = 1, //!< To represent percent of time during which one or more kernels was executing on the GPU
+ NVML_MEMORY_UTILIZATION_SAMPLES = 2, //!< To represent percent of time during which global (device) memory was being read or written
+ NVML_ENC_UTILIZATION_SAMPLES = 3, //!< To represent percent of time during which NVENC remains busy
+ NVML_DEC_UTILIZATION_SAMPLES = 4, //!< To represent percent of time during which NVDEC remains busy
+ NVML_PROCESSOR_CLK_SAMPLES = 5, //!< To represent processor clock samples
+ NVML_MEMORY_CLK_SAMPLES = 6, //!< To represent memory clock samples
+
+ // Keep this last
+ NVML_SAMPLINGTYPE_COUNT
+}nvmlSamplingType_t;
+
+/**
+ * Represents the queryable PCIe utilization counters
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlPcieUtilCounter_enum
+{
+ NVML_PCIE_UTIL_TX_BYTES = 0, // 1KB granularity
+ NVML_PCIE_UTIL_RX_BYTES = 1, // 1KB granularity
+
+ // Keep this last
+ NVML_PCIE_UTIL_COUNT
+} nvmlPcieUtilCounter_t;
+
+/**
+ * Represents the type for sample value returned
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlValueType_enum
+{
+ NVML_VALUE_TYPE_DOUBLE = 0,
+ NVML_VALUE_TYPE_UNSIGNED_INT = 1,
+ NVML_VALUE_TYPE_UNSIGNED_LONG = 2,
+ NVML_VALUE_TYPE_UNSIGNED_LONG_LONG = 3,
+
+ // Keep this last
+ NVML_VALUE_TYPE_COUNT
+}nvmlValueType_t;
+
+
+/**
+ * Union to represent different types of Value
+ */
+typedef union nvmlValue_st
+{
+ double dVal; //!< If the value is double
+ unsigned int uiVal; //!< If the value is unsigned int
+ unsigned long ulVal; //!< If the value is unsigned long
+ unsigned long long ullVal; //!< If the value is unsigned long long
+}nvmlValue_t;
+
+/**
+ * Information for Sample
+ */
+typedef struct nvmlSample_st
+{
+ unsigned long long timeStamp; //!< CPU Timestamp in microseconds
+ nvmlValue_t sampleValue; //!< Sample Value
+}nvmlSample_t;
+
+/**
+ * Represents type of perf policy for which violation times can be queried
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlPerfPolicyType_enum
+{
+ NVML_PERF_POLICY_POWER = 0,
+ NVML_PERF_POLICY_THERMAL = 1,
+ NVML_PERF_POLICY_SYNC_BOOST = 2,
+
+ // Keep this last
+ NVML_PERF_POLICY_COUNT
+}nvmlPerfPolicyType_t;
+
+/**
+ * Struct to hold perf policy violation status data
+ */
+typedef struct nvmlViolationTime_st
+{
+ unsigned long long referenceTime; //!< referenceTime represents CPU timestamp in microseconds
+ unsigned long long violationTime; //!< violationTime in Nanoseconds
+}nvmlViolationTime_t;
+
+/** @} */
+
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+/** @defgroup nvmlDeviceEnumvs Device Enums
+ * @{
+ */
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Generic enable/disable enum.
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlEnableState_enum
+{
+ NVML_FEATURE_DISABLED = 0, //!< Feature disabled
+ NVML_FEATURE_ENABLED = 1 //!< Feature enabled
+} nvmlEnableState_t;
+
+//! Generic flag used to specify the default behavior of some functions. See description of particular functions for details.
+#define nvmlFlagDefault 0x00
+//! Generic flag used to force some behavior. See description of particular functions for details.
+#define nvmlFlagForce 0x01
+
+/**
+ * * The Brand of the GPU
+ * */
+typedef enum nvmlBrandType_enum
+{
+ NVML_BRAND_UNKNOWN = 0,
+ NVML_BRAND_QUADRO = 1,
+ NVML_BRAND_TESLA = 2,
+ NVML_BRAND_NVS = 3,
+ NVML_BRAND_GRID = 4,
+ NVML_BRAND_GEFORCE = 5,
+
+ // Keep this last
+ NVML_BRAND_COUNT
+} nvmlBrandType_t;
+
+/**
+ * Temperature thresholds.
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlTemperatureThresholds_enum
+{
+ NVML_TEMPERATURE_THRESHOLD_SHUTDOWN = 0, // Temperature at which the GPU will shut down
+ // for HW protection
+ NVML_TEMPERATURE_THRESHOLD_SLOWDOWN = 1, // Temperature at which the GPU will begin slowdown
+ // Keep this last
+ NVML_TEMPERATURE_THRESHOLD_COUNT
+} nvmlTemperatureThresholds_t;
+
+/**
+ * Temperature sensors.
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlTemperatureSensors_enum
+{
+ NVML_TEMPERATURE_GPU = 0, //!< Temperature sensor for the GPU die
+
+ // Keep this last
+ NVML_TEMPERATURE_COUNT
+} nvmlTemperatureSensors_t;
+
+/**
+ * Compute mode.
+ *
+ * NVML_COMPUTEMODE_EXCLUSIVE_PROCESS was added in CUDA 4.0.
+ * Earlier CUDA versions supported a single exclusive mode,
+ * which is equivalent to NVML_COMPUTEMODE_EXCLUSIVE_THREAD in CUDA 4.0 and beyond.
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlComputeMode_enum
+{
+ NVML_COMPUTEMODE_DEFAULT = 0, //!< Default compute mode -- multiple contexts per device
+ NVML_COMPUTEMODE_EXCLUSIVE_THREAD = 1, //!< Support Removed
+ NVML_COMPUTEMODE_PROHIBITED = 2, //!< Compute-prohibited mode -- no contexts per device
+ NVML_COMPUTEMODE_EXCLUSIVE_PROCESS = 3, //!< Compute-exclusive-process mode -- only one context per device, usable from multiple threads at a time
+
+ // Keep this last
+ NVML_COMPUTEMODE_COUNT
+} nvmlComputeMode_t;
+
+/**
+ * ECC bit types.
+ *
+ * @deprecated See \ref nvmlMemoryErrorType_t for a more flexible type
+ */
+#define nvmlEccBitType_t nvmlMemoryErrorType_t
+
+/**
+ * Single bit ECC errors
+ *
+ * @deprecated Mapped to \ref NVML_MEMORY_ERROR_TYPE_CORRECTED
+ */
+#define NVML_SINGLE_BIT_ECC NVML_MEMORY_ERROR_TYPE_CORRECTED
+
+/**
+ * Double bit ECC errors
+ *
+ * @deprecated Mapped to \ref NVML_MEMORY_ERROR_TYPE_UNCORRECTED
+ */
+#define NVML_DOUBLE_BIT_ECC NVML_MEMORY_ERROR_TYPE_UNCORRECTED
+
+/**
+ * Memory error types
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlMemoryErrorType_enum
+{
+ /**
+ * A memory error that was corrected
+ *
+ * For ECC errors, these are single bit errors
+ * For Texture memory, these are errors fixed by resend
+ */
+ NVML_MEMORY_ERROR_TYPE_CORRECTED = 0,
+ /**
+ * A memory error that was not corrected
+ *
+ * For ECC errors, these are double bit errors
+ * For Texture memory, these are errors where the resend fails
+ */
+ NVML_MEMORY_ERROR_TYPE_UNCORRECTED = 1,
+
+
+ // Keep this last
+ NVML_MEMORY_ERROR_TYPE_COUNT //!< Count of memory error types
+
+} nvmlMemoryErrorType_t;
+
+/**
+ * ECC counter types.
+ *
+ * Note: Volatile counts are reset each time the driver loads. On Windows this is once per boot. On Linux this can be more frequent.
+ * On Linux the driver unloads when no active clients exist. If persistence mode is enabled or there is always a driver
+ * client active (e.g. X11), then Linux also sees per-boot behavior. If not, volatile counts are reset each time a compute app
+ * is run.
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlEccCounterType_enum
+{
+ NVML_VOLATILE_ECC = 0, //!< Volatile counts are reset each time the driver loads.
+ NVML_AGGREGATE_ECC = 1, //!< Aggregate counts persist across reboots (i.e. for the lifetime of the device)
+
+ // Keep this last
+ NVML_ECC_COUNTER_TYPE_COUNT //!< Count of memory counter types
+} nvmlEccCounterType_t;
+
+/**
+ * Clock types.
+ *
+ * All speeds are in Mhz.
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlClockType_enum
+{
+ NVML_CLOCK_GRAPHICS = 0, //!< Graphics clock domain
+ NVML_CLOCK_SM = 1, //!< SM clock domain
+ NVML_CLOCK_MEM = 2, //!< Memory clock domain
+ NVML_CLOCK_VIDEO = 3, //!< Video encoder/decoder clock domain
+
+ // Keep this last
+ NVML_CLOCK_COUNT //<! Count of clock types
+} nvmlClockType_t;
+
+/**
+ * Clock Ids. These are used in combination with nvmlClockType_t
+ * to specify a single clock value.
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlClockId_enum
+{
+ NVML_CLOCK_ID_CURRENT = 0, //!< Current actual clock value
+ NVML_CLOCK_ID_APP_CLOCK_TARGET = 1, //!< Target application clock
+ NVML_CLOCK_ID_APP_CLOCK_DEFAULT = 2, //!< Default application clock target
+ NVML_CLOCK_ID_CUSTOMER_BOOST_MAX = 3, //!< OEM-defined maximum clock rate
+
+ //Keep this last
+ NVML_CLOCK_ID_COUNT //<! Count of Clock Ids.
+} nvmlClockId_t;
+
+/**
+ * Driver models.
+ *
+ * Windows only.
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlDriverModel_enum
+{
+ NVML_DRIVER_WDDM = 0, //!< WDDM driver model -- GPU treated as a display device
+ NVML_DRIVER_WDM = 1 //!< WDM (TCC) model (recommended) -- GPU treated as a generic device
+} nvmlDriverModel_t;
+
+/**
+ * Allowed PStates.
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlPStates_enum
+{
+ NVML_PSTATE_0 = 0, //!< Performance state 0 -- Maximum Performance
+ NVML_PSTATE_1 = 1, //!< Performance state 1
+ NVML_PSTATE_2 = 2, //!< Performance state 2
+ NVML_PSTATE_3 = 3, //!< Performance state 3
+ NVML_PSTATE_4 = 4, //!< Performance state 4
+ NVML_PSTATE_5 = 5, //!< Performance state 5
+ NVML_PSTATE_6 = 6, //!< Performance state 6
+ NVML_PSTATE_7 = 7, //!< Performance state 7
+ NVML_PSTATE_8 = 8, //!< Performance state 8
+ NVML_PSTATE_9 = 9, //!< Performance state 9
+ NVML_PSTATE_10 = 10, //!< Performance state 10
+ NVML_PSTATE_11 = 11, //!< Performance state 11
+ NVML_PSTATE_12 = 12, //!< Performance state 12
+ NVML_PSTATE_13 = 13, //!< Performance state 13
+ NVML_PSTATE_14 = 14, //!< Performance state 14
+ NVML_PSTATE_15 = 15, //!< Performance state 15 -- Minimum Performance
+ NVML_PSTATE_UNKNOWN = 32 //!< Unknown performance state
+} nvmlPstates_t;
+
+/**
+ * GPU Operation Mode
+ *
+ * GOM allows to reduce power usage and optimize GPU throughput by disabling GPU features.
+ *
+ * Each GOM is designed to meet specific user needs.
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlGom_enum
+{
+ NVML_GOM_ALL_ON = 0, //!< Everything is enabled and running at full speed
+
+ NVML_GOM_COMPUTE = 1, //!< Designed for running only compute tasks. Graphics operations
+ //!< are not allowed
+
+ NVML_GOM_LOW_DP = 2 //!< Designed for running graphics applications that don't require
+ //!< high bandwidth double precision
+} nvmlGpuOperationMode_t;
+
+/**
+ * Available infoROM objects.
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlInforomObject_enum
+{
+ NVML_INFOROM_OEM = 0, //!< An object defined by OEM
+ NVML_INFOROM_ECC = 1, //!< The ECC object determining the level of ECC support
+ NVML_INFOROM_POWER = 2, //!< The power management object
+
+ // Keep this last
+ NVML_INFOROM_COUNT //!< This counts the number of infoROM objects the driver knows about
+} nvmlInforomObject_t;
+
+/**
+ * Return values for NVML API calls.
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlReturn_enum
+{
+ NVML_SUCCESS = 0, //!< The operation was successful
+ NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED = 1, //!< NVML was not first initialized with nvmlInit()
+ NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT = 2, //!< A supplied argument is invalid
+ NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED = 3, //!< The requested operation is not available on target device
+ NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION = 4, //!< The current user does not have permission for operation
+ NVML_ERROR_ALREADY_INITIALIZED = 5, //!< Deprecated: Multiple initializations are now allowed through ref counting
+ NVML_ERROR_NOT_FOUND = 6, //!< A query to find an object was unsuccessful
+ NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SIZE = 7, //!< An input argument is not large enough
+ NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_POWER = 8, //!< A device's external power cables are not properly attached
+ NVML_ERROR_DRIVER_NOT_LOADED = 9, //!< NVIDIA driver is not loaded
+ NVML_ERROR_TIMEOUT = 10, //!< User provided timeout passed
+ NVML_ERROR_IRQ_ISSUE = 11, //!< NVIDIA Kernel detected an interrupt issue with a GPU
+ NVML_ERROR_LIBRARY_NOT_FOUND = 12, //!< NVML Shared Library couldn't be found or loaded
+ NVML_ERROR_FUNCTION_NOT_FOUND = 13, //!< Local version of NVML doesn't implement this function
+ NVML_ERROR_CORRUPTED_INFOROM = 14, //!< infoROM is corrupted
+ NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST = 15, //!< The GPU has fallen off the bus or has otherwise become inaccessible
+ NVML_ERROR_RESET_REQUIRED = 16, //!< The GPU requires a reset before it can be used again
+ NVML_ERROR_OPERATING_SYSTEM = 17, //!< The GPU control device has been blocked by the operating system/cgroups
+ NVML_ERROR_LIB_RM_VERSION_MISMATCH = 18, //!< RM detects a driver/library version mismatch
+ NVML_ERROR_IN_USE = 19, //!< An operation cannot be performed because the GPU is currently in use
+ NVML_ERROR_NO_DATA = 20, //!< No data
+ NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN = 999 //!< An internal driver error occurred
+} nvmlReturn_t;
+
+/**
+ * Memory locations
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlDeviceGetMemoryErrorCounter
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlMemoryLocation_enum
+{
+ NVML_MEMORY_LOCATION_L1_CACHE = 0, //!< GPU L1 Cache
+ NVML_MEMORY_LOCATION_L2_CACHE = 1, //!< GPU L2 Cache
+ NVML_MEMORY_LOCATION_DEVICE_MEMORY = 2, //!< GPU Device Memory
+ NVML_MEMORY_LOCATION_REGISTER_FILE = 3, //!< GPU Register File
+ NVML_MEMORY_LOCATION_TEXTURE_MEMORY = 4, //!< GPU Texture Memory
+ NVML_MEMORY_LOCATION_TEXTURE_SHM = 5, //!< Shared memory
+
+ // Keep this last
+ NVML_MEMORY_LOCATION_COUNT //!< This counts the number of memory locations the driver knows about
+} nvmlMemoryLocation_t;
+
+/**
+ * Causes for page retirement
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlPageRetirementCause_enum
+{
+ NVML_PAGE_RETIREMENT_CAUSE_MULTIPLE_SINGLE_BIT_ECC_ERRORS = 0, //!< Page was retired due to multiple single bit ECC error
+ NVML_PAGE_RETIREMENT_CAUSE_DOUBLE_BIT_ECC_ERROR = 1, //!< Page was retired due to double bit ECC error
+
+ // Keep this last
+ NVML_PAGE_RETIREMENT_CAUSE_COUNT
+} nvmlPageRetirementCause_t;
+
+/**
+ * API types that allow changes to default permission restrictions
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlRestrictedAPI_enum
+{
+ NVML_RESTRICTED_API_SET_APPLICATION_CLOCKS = 0, //!< APIs that change application clocks, see nvmlDeviceSetApplicationsClocks
+ //!< and see nvmlDeviceResetApplicationsClocks
+ NVML_RESTRICTED_API_SET_AUTO_BOOSTED_CLOCKS = 1, //!< APIs that enable/disable Auto Boosted clocks
+ //!< see nvmlDeviceSetAutoBoostedClocksEnabled
+ // Keep this last
+ NVML_RESTRICTED_API_COUNT
+} nvmlRestrictedAPI_t;
+
+/** @} */
+
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+/** @defgroup nvmlUnitStructs Unit Structs
+ * @{
+ */
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+
+typedef struct nvmlUnit_st* nvmlUnit_t;
+
+/**
+ * Description of HWBC entry
+ */
+typedef struct nvmlHwbcEntry_st
+{
+ unsigned int hwbcId;
+ char firmwareVersion[32];
+} nvmlHwbcEntry_t;
+
+/**
+ * Fan state enum.
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlFanState_enum
+{
+ NVML_FAN_NORMAL = 0, //!< Fan is working properly
+ NVML_FAN_FAILED = 1 //!< Fan has failed
+} nvmlFanState_t;
+
+/**
+ * Led color enum.
+ */
+typedef enum nvmlLedColor_enum
+{
+ NVML_LED_COLOR_GREEN = 0, //!< GREEN, indicates good health
+ NVML_LED_COLOR_AMBER = 1 //!< AMBER, indicates problem
+} nvmlLedColor_t;
+
+
+/**
+ * LED states for an S-class unit.
+ */
+typedef struct nvmlLedState_st
+{
+ char cause[256]; //!< If amber, a text description of the cause
+ nvmlLedColor_t color; //!< GREEN or AMBER
+} nvmlLedState_t;
+
+/**
+ * Static S-class unit info.
+ */
+typedef struct nvmlUnitInfo_st
+{
+ char name[96]; //!< Product name
+ char id[96]; //!< Product identifier
+ char serial[96]; //!< Product serial number
+ char firmwareVersion[96]; //!< Firmware version
+} nvmlUnitInfo_t;
+
+/**
+ * Power usage information for an S-class unit.
+ * The power supply state is a human readable string that equals "Normal" or contains
+ * a combination of "Abnormal" plus one or more of the following:
+ *
+ * - High voltage
+ * - Fan failure
+ * - Heatsink temperature
+ * - Current limit
+ * - Voltage below UV alarm threshold
+ * - Low-voltage
+ * - SI2C remote off command
+ * - MOD_DISABLE input
+ * - Short pin transition
+*/
+typedef struct nvmlPSUInfo_st
+{
+ char state[256]; //!< The power supply state
+ unsigned int current; //!< PSU current (A)
+ unsigned int voltage; //!< PSU voltage (V)
+ unsigned int power; //!< PSU power draw (W)
+} nvmlPSUInfo_t;
+
+/**
+ * Fan speed reading for a single fan in an S-class unit.
+ */
+typedef struct nvmlUnitFanInfo_st
+{
+ unsigned int speed; //!< Fan speed (RPM)
+ nvmlFanState_t state; //!< Flag that indicates whether fan is working properly
+} nvmlUnitFanInfo_t;
+
+/**
+ * Fan speed readings for an entire S-class unit.
+ */
+typedef struct nvmlUnitFanSpeeds_st
+{
+ nvmlUnitFanInfo_t fans[24]; //!< Fan speed data for each fan
+ unsigned int count; //!< Number of fans in unit
+} nvmlUnitFanSpeeds_t;
+
+/** @} */
+
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+/** @addtogroup nvmlEvents
+ * @{
+ */
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Handle to an event set
+ */
+typedef struct nvmlEventSet_st* nvmlEventSet_t;
+
+/** @defgroup nvmlEventType Event Types
+ * @{
+ * Event Types which user can be notified about.
+ * See description of particular functions for details.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlDeviceRegisterEvents and \ref nvmlDeviceGetSupportedEventTypes to check which devices
+ * support each event.
+ *
+ * Types can be combined with bitwise or operator '|' when passed to \ref nvmlDeviceRegisterEvents
+ */
+//! Event about single bit ECC errors
+/**
+ * \note A corrected texture memory error is not an ECC error, so it does not generate a single bit event
+ */
+#define nvmlEventTypeSingleBitEccError 0x0000000000000001LL
+
+//! Event about double bit ECC errors
+/**
+ * \note An uncorrected texture memory error is not an ECC error, so it does not generate a double bit event
+ */
+#define nvmlEventTypeDoubleBitEccError 0x0000000000000002LL
+
+//! Event about PState changes
+/**
+ * \note On Fermi architecture PState changes are also an indicator that GPU is throttling down due to
+ * no work being executed on the GPU, power capping or thermal capping. In a typical situation,
+ * Fermi-based GPU should stay in P0 for the duration of the execution of the compute process.
+ */
+#define nvmlEventTypePState 0x0000000000000004LL
+
+//! Event that Xid critical error occurred
+#define nvmlEventTypeXidCriticalError 0x0000000000000008LL
+
+//! Event about clock changes
+/**
+ * Kepler only
+ */
+#define nvmlEventTypeClock 0x0000000000000010LL
+
+//! Mask with no events
+#define nvmlEventTypeNone 0x0000000000000000LL
+//! Mask of all events
+#define nvmlEventTypeAll (nvmlEventTypeNone \
+ | nvmlEventTypeSingleBitEccError \
+ | nvmlEventTypeDoubleBitEccError \
+ | nvmlEventTypePState \
+ | nvmlEventTypeClock \
+ | nvmlEventTypeXidCriticalError \
+ )
+/** @} */
+
+/**
+ * Information about occurred event
+ */
+typedef struct nvmlEventData_st
+{
+ nvmlDevice_t device; //!< Specific device where the event occurred
+ unsigned long long eventType; //!< Information about what specific event occurred
+ unsigned long long eventData; //!< Stores last XID error for the device in the event of nvmlEventTypeXidCriticalError,
+ // eventData is 0 for any other event. eventData is set as 999 for unknown xid error.
+} nvmlEventData_t;
+
+/** @} */
+
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+/** @addtogroup nvmlClocksThrottleReasons
+ * @{
+ */
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+
+/** Nothing is running on the GPU and the clocks are dropping to Idle state
+ * \note This limiter may be removed in a later release
+ */
+#define nvmlClocksThrottleReasonGpuIdle 0x0000000000000001LL
+
+/** GPU clocks are limited by current setting of applications clocks
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceSetApplicationsClocks
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetApplicationsClock
+ */
+#define nvmlClocksThrottleReasonApplicationsClocksSetting 0x0000000000000002LL
+
+/**
+ * @deprecated Renamed to \ref nvmlClocksThrottleReasonApplicationsClocksSetting
+ * as the name describes the situation more accurately.
+ */
+#define nvmlClocksThrottleReasonUserDefinedClocks nvmlClocksThrottleReasonApplicationsClocksSetting
+
+/** SW Power Scaling algorithm is reducing the clocks below requested clocks
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetPowerUsage
+ * @see nvmlDeviceSetPowerManagementLimit
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetPowerManagementLimit
+ */
+#define nvmlClocksThrottleReasonSwPowerCap 0x0000000000000004LL
+
+/** HW Slowdown (reducing the core clocks by a factor of 2 or more) is engaged
+ *
+ * This is an indicator of:
+ * - temperature being too high
+ * - External Power Brake Assertion is triggered (e.g. by the system power supply)
+ * - Power draw is too high and Fast Trigger protection is reducing the clocks
+ * - May be also reported during PState or clock change
+ * - This behavior may be removed in a later release.
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetTemperature
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetTemperatureThreshold
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetPowerUsage
+ */
+#define nvmlClocksThrottleReasonHwSlowdown 0x0000000000000008LL
+
+/** Sync Boost
+ *
+ * This GPU has been added to a Sync boost group with nvidia-smi or DCGM in
+ * order to maximize performance per watt. All GPUs in the sync boost group
+ * will boost to the minimum possible clocks across the entire group. Look at
+ * the throttle reasons for other GPUs in the system to see why those GPUs are
+ * holding this one at lower clocks.
+ *
+ */
+#define nvmlClocksThrottleReasonSyncBoost 0x0000000000000010LL
+
+/** Some other unspecified factor is reducing the clocks */
+#define nvmlClocksThrottleReasonUnknown 0x8000000000000000LL
+
+/** Bit mask representing no clocks throttling
+ *
+ * Clocks are as high as possible.
+ * */
+#define nvmlClocksThrottleReasonNone 0x0000000000000000LL
+
+/** Bit mask representing all supported clocks throttling reasons
+ * New reasons might be added to this list in the future
+ */
+#define nvmlClocksThrottleReasonAll (nvmlClocksThrottleReasonNone \
+ | nvmlClocksThrottleReasonGpuIdle \
+ | nvmlClocksThrottleReasonApplicationsClocksSetting \
+ | nvmlClocksThrottleReasonSwPowerCap \
+ | nvmlClocksThrottleReasonHwSlowdown \
+ | nvmlClocksThrottleReasonSyncBoost \
+ | nvmlClocksThrottleReasonUnknown \
+ )
+/** @} */
+
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+/** @defgroup nvmlAccountingStats Accounting Statistics
+ * @{
+ *
+ * Set of APIs designed to provide per process information about usage of GPU.
+ *
+ * @note All accounting statistics and accounting mode live in nvidia driver and reset
+ * to default (Disabled) when driver unloads.
+ * It is advised to run with persistence mode enabled.
+ *
+ * @note Enabling accounting mode has no negative impact on the GPU performance.
+ */
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Describes accounting statistics of a process.
+ */
+typedef struct nvmlAccountingStats_st {
+ unsigned int gpuUtilization; //!< Percent of time over the process's lifetime during which one or more kernels was executing on the GPU.
+ //! Utilization stats just like returned by \ref nvmlDeviceGetUtilizationRates but for the life time of a
+ //! process (not just the last sample period).
+ //! Set to NVML_VALUE_NOT_AVAILABLE if nvmlDeviceGetUtilizationRates is not supported
+
+ unsigned int memoryUtilization; //!< Percent of time over the process's lifetime during which global (device) memory was being read or written.
+ //! Set to NVML_VALUE_NOT_AVAILABLE if nvmlDeviceGetUtilizationRates is not supported
+
+ unsigned long long maxMemoryUsage; //!< Maximum total memory in bytes that was ever allocated by the process.
+ //! Set to NVML_VALUE_NOT_AVAILABLE if nvmlProcessInfo_t->usedGpuMemory is not supported
+
+
+ unsigned long long time; //!< Amount of time in ms during which the compute context was active. The time is reported as 0 if
+ //!< the process is not terminated
+
+ unsigned long long startTime; //!< CPU Timestamp in usec representing start time for the process
+
+ unsigned int isRunning; //!< Flag to represent if the process is running (1 for running, 0 for terminated)
+
+ unsigned int reserved[5]; //!< Reserved for future use
+} nvmlAccountingStats_t;
+
+/** @} */
+
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+/** @defgroup nvmlInitializationAndCleanup Initialization and Cleanup
+ * This chapter describes the methods that handle NVML initialization and cleanup.
+ * It is the user's responsibility to call \ref nvmlInit() before calling any other methods, and
+ * nvmlShutdown() once NVML is no longer being used.
+ * @{
+ */
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Initialize NVML, but don't initialize any GPUs yet.
+ *
+ * \note In NVML 5.319 new nvmlInit_v2 has replaced nvmlInit"_v1" (default in NVML 4.304 and older) that
+ * did initialize all GPU devices in the system.
+ *
+ * This allows NVML to communicate with a GPU
+ * when other GPUs in the system are unstable or in a bad state. When using this API, GPUs are
+ * discovered and initialized in nvmlDeviceGetHandleBy* functions instead.
+ *
+ * \note To contrast nvmlInit_v2 with nvmlInit"_v1", NVML 4.304 nvmlInit"_v1" will fail when any detected GPU is in
+ * a bad or unstable state.
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ *
+ * This method, should be called once before invoking any other methods in the library.
+ * A reference count of the number of initializations is maintained. Shutdown only occurs
+ * when the reference count reaches zero.
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if NVML has been properly initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_DRIVER_NOT_LOADED if NVIDIA driver is not running
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION if NVML does not have permission to talk to the driver
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlInit(void);
+
+/**
+ * Shut down NVML by releasing all GPU resources previously allocated with \ref nvmlInit().
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ *
+ * This method should be called after NVML work is done, once for each call to \ref nvmlInit()
+ * A reference count of the number of initializations is maintained. Shutdown only occurs
+ * when the reference count reaches zero. For backwards compatibility, no error is reported if
+ * nvmlShutdown() is called more times than nvmlInit().
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if NVML has been properly shut down
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlShutdown(void);
+
+/** @} */
+
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+/** @defgroup nvmlErrorReporting Error reporting
+ * This chapter describes helper functions for error reporting routines.
+ * @{
+ */
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Helper method for converting NVML error codes into readable strings.
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ *
+ * @param result NVML error code to convert
+ *
+ * @return String representation of the error.
+ *
+ */
+const DECLDIR char* nvmlErrorString(nvmlReturn_t result);
+/** @} */
+
+
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+/** @defgroup nvmlConstants Constants
+ * @{
+ */
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Buffer size guaranteed to be large enough for \ref nvmlDeviceGetInforomVersion and \ref nvmlDeviceGetInforomImageVersion
+ */
+#define NVML_DEVICE_INFOROM_VERSION_BUFFER_SIZE 16
+
+/**
+ * Buffer size guaranteed to be large enough for \ref nvmlDeviceGetUUID
+ */
+#define NVML_DEVICE_UUID_BUFFER_SIZE 80
+
+/**
+ * Buffer size guaranteed to be large enough for \ref nvmlDeviceGetBoardPartNumber
+ */
+#define NVML_DEVICE_PART_NUMBER_BUFFER_SIZE 80
+
+/**
+ * Buffer size guaranteed to be large enough for \ref nvmlSystemGetDriverVersion
+ */
+#define NVML_SYSTEM_DRIVER_VERSION_BUFFER_SIZE 80
+
+/**
+ * Buffer size guaranteed to be large enough for \ref nvmlSystemGetNVMLVersion
+ */
+#define NVML_SYSTEM_NVML_VERSION_BUFFER_SIZE 80
+
+/**
+ * Buffer size guaranteed to be large enough for \ref nvmlDeviceGetName
+ */
+#define NVML_DEVICE_NAME_BUFFER_SIZE 64
+
+/**
+ * Buffer size guaranteed to be large enough for \ref nvmlDeviceGetSerial
+ */
+#define NVML_DEVICE_SERIAL_BUFFER_SIZE 30
+
+/**
+ * Buffer size guaranteed to be large enough for \ref nvmlDeviceGetVbiosVersion
+ */
+#define NVML_DEVICE_VBIOS_VERSION_BUFFER_SIZE 32
+
+/** @} */
+
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+/** @defgroup nvmlSystemQueries System Queries
+ * This chapter describes the queries that NVML can perform against the local system. These queries
+ * are not device-specific.
+ * @{
+ */
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the version of the system's graphics driver.
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ *
+ * The version identifier is an alphanumeric string. It will not exceed 80 characters in length
+ * (including the NULL terminator). See \ref nvmlConstants::NVML_SYSTEM_DRIVER_VERSION_BUFFER_SIZE.
+ *
+ * @param version Reference in which to return the version identifier
+ * @param length The maximum allowed length of the string returned in \a version
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a version has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a version is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SIZE if \a length is too small
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlSystemGetDriverVersion(char *version, unsigned int length);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the version of the NVML library.
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ *
+ * The version identifier is an alphanumeric string. It will not exceed 80 characters in length
+ * (including the NULL terminator). See \ref nvmlConstants::NVML_SYSTEM_NVML_VERSION_BUFFER_SIZE.
+ *
+ * @param version Reference in which to return the version identifier
+ * @param length The maximum allowed length of the string returned in \a version
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a version has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a version is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SIZE if \a length is too small
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlSystemGetNVMLVersion(char *version, unsigned int length);
+
+/**
+ * Gets name of the process with provided process id
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ *
+ * Returned process name is cropped to provided length.
+ * name string is encoded in ANSI.
+ *
+ * @param pid The identifier of the process
+ * @param name Reference in which to return the process name
+ * @param length The maximum allowed length of the string returned in \a name
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a name has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a name is NULL or \a length is 0.
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_FOUND if process doesn't exists
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION if the user doesn't have permission to perform this operation
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlSystemGetProcessName(unsigned int pid, char *name, unsigned int length);
+
+/** @} */
+
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+/** @defgroup nvmlUnitQueries Unit Queries
+ * This chapter describes that queries that NVML can perform against each unit. For S-class systems only.
+ * In each case the device is identified with an nvmlUnit_t handle. This handle is obtained by
+ * calling \ref nvmlUnitGetHandleByIndex().
+ * @{
+ */
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+
+ /**
+ * Retrieves the number of units in the system.
+ *
+ * For S-class products.
+ *
+ * @param unitCount Reference in which to return the number of units
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a unitCount has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a unitCount is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlUnitGetCount(unsigned int *unitCount);
+
+/**
+ * Acquire the handle for a particular unit, based on its index.
+ *
+ * For S-class products.
+ *
+ * Valid indices are derived from the \a unitCount returned by \ref nvmlUnitGetCount().
+ * For example, if \a unitCount is 2 the valid indices are 0 and 1, corresponding to UNIT 0 and UNIT 1.
+ *
+ * The order in which NVML enumerates units has no guarantees of consistency between reboots.
+ *
+ * @param index The index of the target unit, >= 0 and < \a unitCount
+ * @param unit Reference in which to return the unit handle
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a unit has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a index is invalid or \a unit is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlUnitGetHandleByIndex(unsigned int index, nvmlUnit_t *unit);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the static information associated with a unit.
+ *
+ * For S-class products.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlUnitInfo_t for details on available unit info.
+ *
+ * @param unit The identifier of the target unit
+ * @param info Reference in which to return the unit information
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a info has been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a unit is invalid or \a info is NULL
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlUnitGetUnitInfo(nvmlUnit_t unit, nvmlUnitInfo_t *info);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the LED state associated with this unit.
+ *
+ * For S-class products.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlLedState_t for details on allowed states.
+ *
+ * @param unit The identifier of the target unit
+ * @param state Reference in which to return the current LED state
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a state has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a unit is invalid or \a state is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if this is not an S-class product
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlUnitSetLedState()
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlUnitGetLedState(nvmlUnit_t unit, nvmlLedState_t *state);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the PSU stats for the unit.
+ *
+ * For S-class products.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlPSUInfo_t for details on available PSU info.
+ *
+ * @param unit The identifier of the target unit
+ * @param psu Reference in which to return the PSU information
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a psu has been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a unit is invalid or \a psu is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if this is not an S-class product
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlUnitGetPsuInfo(nvmlUnit_t unit, nvmlPSUInfo_t *psu);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the temperature readings for the unit, in degrees C.
+ *
+ * For S-class products.
+ *
+ * Depending on the product, readings may be available for intake (type=0),
+ * exhaust (type=1) and board (type=2).
+ *
+ * @param unit The identifier of the target unit
+ * @param type The type of reading to take
+ * @param temp Reference in which to return the intake temperature
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a temp has been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a unit or \a type is invalid or \a temp is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if this is not an S-class product
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlUnitGetTemperature(nvmlUnit_t unit, unsigned int type, unsigned int *temp);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the fan speed readings for the unit.
+ *
+ * For S-class products.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlUnitFanSpeeds_t for details on available fan speed info.
+ *
+ * @param unit The identifier of the target unit
+ * @param fanSpeeds Reference in which to return the fan speed information
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a fanSpeeds has been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a unit is invalid or \a fanSpeeds is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if this is not an S-class product
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlUnitGetFanSpeedInfo(nvmlUnit_t unit, nvmlUnitFanSpeeds_t *fanSpeeds);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the set of GPU devices that are attached to the specified unit.
+ *
+ * For S-class products.
+ *
+ * The \a deviceCount argument is expected to be set to the size of the input \a devices array.
+ *
+ * @param unit The identifier of the target unit
+ * @param deviceCount Reference in which to provide the \a devices array size, and
+ * to return the number of attached GPU devices
+ * @param devices Reference in which to return the references to the attached GPU devices
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a deviceCount and \a devices have been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SIZE if \a deviceCount indicates that the \a devices array is too small
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a unit is invalid, either of \a deviceCount or \a devices is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlUnitGetDevices(nvmlUnit_t unit, unsigned int *deviceCount, nvmlDevice_t *devices);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the IDs and firmware versions for any Host Interface Cards (HICs) in the system.
+ *
+ * For S-class products.
+ *
+ * The \a hwbcCount argument is expected to be set to the size of the input \a hwbcEntries array.
+ * The HIC must be connected to an S-class system for it to be reported by this function.
+ *
+ * @param hwbcCount Size of hwbcEntries array
+ * @param hwbcEntries Array holding information about hwbc
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a hwbcCount and \a hwbcEntries have been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if either \a hwbcCount or \a hwbcEntries is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SIZE if \a hwbcCount indicates that the \a hwbcEntries array is too small
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlSystemGetHicVersion(unsigned int *hwbcCount, nvmlHwbcEntry_t *hwbcEntries);
+/** @} */
+
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+/** @defgroup nvmlDeviceQueries Device Queries
+ * This chapter describes that queries that NVML can perform against each device.
+ * In each case the device is identified with an nvmlDevice_t handle. This handle is obtained by
+ * calling one of \ref nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex(), \ref nvmlDeviceGetHandleBySerial(),
+ * \ref nvmlDeviceGetHandleByPciBusId(). or \ref nvmlDeviceGetHandleByUUID().
+ * @{
+ */
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+
+ /**
+ * Retrieves the number of compute devices in the system. A compute device is a single GPU.
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ *
+ * Note: New nvmlDeviceGetCount_v2 (default in NVML 5.319) returns count of all devices in the system
+ * even if nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex_v2 returns NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION for such device.
+ * Update your code to handle this error, or use NVML 4.304 or older nvml header file.
+ * For backward binary compatibility reasons _v1 version of the API is still present in the shared
+ * library.
+ * Old _v1 version of nvmlDeviceGetCount doesn't count devices that NVML has no permission to talk to.
+ *
+ * @param deviceCount Reference in which to return the number of accessible devices
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a deviceCount has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a deviceCount is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetCount(unsigned int *deviceCount);
+
+/**
+ * Acquire the handle for a particular device, based on its index.
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ *
+ * Valid indices are derived from the \a accessibleDevices count returned by
+ * \ref nvmlDeviceGetCount(). For example, if \a accessibleDevices is 2 the valid indices
+ * are 0 and 1, corresponding to GPU 0 and GPU 1.
+ *
+ * The order in which NVML enumerates devices has no guarantees of consistency between reboots. For that reason it
+ * is recommended that devices be looked up by their PCI ids or UUID. See
+ * \ref nvmlDeviceGetHandleByUUID() and \ref nvmlDeviceGetHandleByPciBusId().
+ *
+ * Note: The NVML index may not correlate with other APIs, such as the CUDA device index.
+ *
+ * Starting from NVML 5, this API causes NVML to initialize the target GPU
+ * NVML may initialize additional GPUs if:
+ * - The target GPU is an SLI slave
+ *
+ * Note: New nvmlDeviceGetCount_v2 (default in NVML 5.319) returns count of all devices in the system
+ * even if nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex_v2 returns NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION for such device.
+ * Update your code to handle this error, or use NVML 4.304 or older nvml header file.
+ * For backward binary compatibility reasons _v1 version of the API is still present in the shared
+ * library.
+ * Old _v1 version of nvmlDeviceGetCount doesn't count devices that NVML has no permission to talk to.
+ *
+ * This means that nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex_v2 and _v1 can return different devices for the same index.
+ * If you don't touch macros that map old (_v1) versions to _v2 versions at the top of the file you don't
+ * need to worry about that.
+ *
+ * @param index The index of the target GPU, >= 0 and < \a accessibleDevices
+ * @param device Reference in which to return the device handle
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a device has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a index is invalid or \a device is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_POWER if any attached devices have improperly attached external power cables
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION if the user doesn't have permission to talk to this device
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_IRQ_ISSUE if NVIDIA kernel detected an interrupt issue with the attached GPUs
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetIndex
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetCount
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex(unsigned int index, nvmlDevice_t *device);
+
+/**
+ * Acquire the handle for a particular device, based on its board serial number.
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * This number corresponds to the value printed directly on the board, and to the value returned by
+ * \ref nvmlDeviceGetSerial().
+ *
+ * @deprecated Since more than one GPU can exist on a single board this function is deprecated in favor
+ * of \ref nvmlDeviceGetHandleByUUID.
+ * For dual GPU boards this function will return NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT.
+ *
+ * Starting from NVML 5, this API causes NVML to initialize the target GPU
+ * NVML may initialize additional GPUs as it searches for the target GPU
+ *
+ * @param serial The board serial number of the target GPU
+ * @param device Reference in which to return the device handle
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a device has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a serial is invalid, \a device is NULL or more than one
+ * device has the same serial (dual GPU boards)
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_FOUND if \a serial does not match a valid device on the system
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_POWER if any attached devices have improperly attached external power cables
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_IRQ_ISSUE if NVIDIA kernel detected an interrupt issue with the attached GPUs
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if any GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetSerial
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetHandleByUUID
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetHandleBySerial(const char *serial, nvmlDevice_t *device);
+
+/**
+ * Acquire the handle for a particular device, based on its globally unique immutable UUID associated with each device.
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ *
+ * @param uuid The UUID of the target GPU
+ * @param device Reference in which to return the device handle
+ *
+ * Starting from NVML 5, this API causes NVML to initialize the target GPU
+ * NVML may initialize additional GPUs as it searches for the target GPU
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a device has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a uuid is invalid or \a device is null
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_FOUND if \a uuid does not match a valid device on the system
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_POWER if any attached devices have improperly attached external power cables
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_IRQ_ISSUE if NVIDIA kernel detected an interrupt issue with the attached GPUs
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if any GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetUUID
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetHandleByUUID(const char *uuid, nvmlDevice_t *device);
+
+/**
+ * Acquire the handle for a particular device, based on its PCI bus id.
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ *
+ * This value corresponds to the nvmlPciInfo_t::busId returned by \ref nvmlDeviceGetPciInfo().
+ *
+ * Starting from NVML 5, this API causes NVML to initialize the target GPU
+ * NVML may initialize additional GPUs if:
+ * - The target GPU is an SLI slave
+ *
+ * \note NVML 4.304 and older version of nvmlDeviceGetHandleByPciBusId"_v1" returns NVML_ERROR_NOT_FOUND
+ * instead of NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION.
+ *
+ * @param pciBusId The PCI bus id of the target GPU
+ * @param device Reference in which to return the device handle
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a device has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a pciBusId is invalid or \a device is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_FOUND if \a pciBusId does not match a valid device on the system
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_POWER if the attached device has improperly attached external power cables
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION if the user doesn't have permission to talk to this device
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_IRQ_ISSUE if NVIDIA kernel detected an interrupt issue with the attached GPUs
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetHandleByPciBusId(const char *pciBusId, nvmlDevice_t *device);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the name of this device.
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ *
+ * The name is an alphanumeric string that denotes a particular product, e.g. Tesla &tm; C2070. It will not
+ * exceed 64 characters in length (including the NULL terminator). See \ref
+ * nvmlConstants::NVML_DEVICE_NAME_BUFFER_SIZE.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param name Reference in which to return the product name
+ * @param length The maximum allowed length of the string returned in \a name
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a name has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid, or \a name is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SIZE if \a length is too small
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetName(nvmlDevice_t device, char *name, unsigned int length);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the brand of this device.
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ *
+ * The type is a member of \ref nvmlBrandType_t defined above.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param type Reference in which to return the product brand type
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a name has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid, or \a type is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetBrand(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlBrandType_t *type);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the NVML index of this device.
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ *
+ * Valid indices are derived from the \a accessibleDevices count returned by
+ * \ref nvmlDeviceGetCount(). For example, if \a accessibleDevices is 2 the valid indices
+ * are 0 and 1, corresponding to GPU 0 and GPU 1.
+ *
+ * The order in which NVML enumerates devices has no guarantees of consistency between reboots. For that reason it
+ * is recommended that devices be looked up by their PCI ids or GPU UUID. See
+ * \ref nvmlDeviceGetHandleByPciBusId() and \ref nvmlDeviceGetHandleByUUID().
+ *
+ * Note: The NVML index may not correlate with other APIs, such as the CUDA device index.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param index Reference in which to return the NVML index of the device
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a index has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid, or \a index is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex()
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetCount()
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetIndex(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int *index);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the globally unique board serial number associated with this device's board.
+ *
+ * For all products with an inforom.
+ *
+ * The serial number is an alphanumeric string that will not exceed 30 characters (including the NULL terminator).
+ * This number matches the serial number tag that is physically attached to the board. See \ref
+ * nvmlConstants::NVML_DEVICE_SERIAL_BUFFER_SIZE.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param serial Reference in which to return the board/module serial number
+ * @param length The maximum allowed length of the string returned in \a serial
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a serial has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid, or \a serial is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SIZE if \a length is too small
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetSerial(nvmlDevice_t device, char *serial, unsigned int length);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves an array of unsigned ints (sized to cpuSetSize) of bitmasks with the ideal CPU affinity for the device
+ * For example, if processors 0, 1, 32, and 33 are ideal for the device and cpuSetSize == 2,
+ * result[0] = 0x3, result[1] = 0x3
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ * Supported on Linux only.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param cpuSetSize The size of the cpuSet array that is safe to access
+ * @param cpuSet Array reference in which to return a bitmask of CPUs, 64 CPUs per
+ * unsigned long on 64-bit machines, 32 on 32-bit machines
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a cpuAffinity has been filled
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid, cpuSetSize == 0, or cpuSet is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetCpuAffinity(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int cpuSetSize, unsigned long *cpuSet);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the ideal affinity for the calling thread and device using the guidelines
+ * given in nvmlDeviceGetCpuAffinity(). Note, this is a change as of version 8.0.
+ * Older versions set the affinity for a calling process and all children.
+ * Currently supports up to 64 processors.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ * Supported on Linux only.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if the calling process has been successfully bound
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceSetCpuAffinity(nvmlDevice_t device);
+
+/**
+ * Clear all affinity bindings for the calling thread. Note, this is a change as of version
+ * 8.0 as older versions cleared the affinity for a calling process and all children.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ * Supported on Linux only.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if the calling process has been successfully unbound
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceClearCpuAffinity(nvmlDevice_t device);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve the common ancestor for two devices
+ * For all products.
+ * Supported on Linux only.
+ *
+ * @param device1 The identifier of the first device
+ * @param device2 The identifier of the second device
+ * @param pathInfo A \ref nvmlGpuTopologyLevel_t that gives the path type
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a pathInfo has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device1, or \a device2 is invalid, or \a pathInfo is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device or OS does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN an error has occurred in underlying topology discovery
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetTopologyCommonAncestor(nvmlDevice_t device1, nvmlDevice_t device2, nvmlGpuTopologyLevel_t *pathInfo);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve the set of GPUs that are nearest to a given device at a specific interconnectivity level
+ * For all products.
+ * Supported on Linux only.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the first device
+ * @param level The \ref nvmlGpuTopologyLevel_t level to search for other GPUs
+ * @param count When zero, is set to the number of matching GPUs such that \a deviceArray
+ * can be malloc'd. When non-zero, \a deviceArray will be filled with \a count
+ * number of device handles.
+ * @param deviceArray An array of device handles for GPUs found at \a level
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a deviceArray or \a count (if initially zero) has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device, \a level, or \a count is invalid, or \a deviceArray is NULL with a non-zero \a count
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device or OS does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN an error has occurred in underlying topology discovery
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetTopologyNearestGpus(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlGpuTopologyLevel_t level, unsigned int *count, nvmlDevice_t *deviceArray);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve the set of GPUs that have a CPU affinity with the given CPU number
+ * For all products.
+ * Supported on Linux only.
+ *
+ * @param cpuNumber The CPU number
+ * @param count When zero, is set to the number of matching GPUs such that \a deviceArray
+ * can be malloc'd. When non-zero, \a deviceArray will be filled with \a count
+ * number of device handles.
+ * @param deviceArray An array of device handles for GPUs found with affinity to \a cpuNumber
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a deviceArray or \a count (if initially zero) has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a cpuNumber, or \a count is invalid, or \a deviceArray is NULL with a non-zero \a count
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device or OS does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN an error has occurred in underlying topology discovery
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlSystemGetTopologyGpuSet(unsigned int cpuNumber, unsigned int *count, nvmlDevice_t *deviceArray);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve the status for a given p2p capability index between a given pair of GPU
+ *
+ * @param device1 The first device
+ * @param device2 The second device
+ * @param p2pIndex p2p Capability Index being looked for between \a device1 and \a device2
+ * @param p2pStatus Reference in which to return the status of the \a p2pIndex
+ * between \a device1 and \a device2
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a p2pStatus has been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device1 or \a device2 or \a p2pIndex is invalid or \a p2pStatus is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetP2PStatus(nvmlDevice_t device1, nvmlDevice_t device2, nvmlGpuP2PCapsIndex_t p2pIndex,nvmlGpuP2PStatus_t *p2pStatus);
+
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the globally unique immutable UUID associated with this device, as a 5 part hexadecimal string,
+ * that augments the immutable, board serial identifier.
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ *
+ * The UUID is a globally unique identifier. It is the only available identifier for pre-Fermi-architecture products.
+ * It does NOT correspond to any identifier printed on the board. It will not exceed 80 characters in length
+ * (including the NULL terminator). See \ref nvmlConstants::NVML_DEVICE_UUID_BUFFER_SIZE.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param uuid Reference in which to return the GPU UUID
+ * @param length The maximum allowed length of the string returned in \a uuid
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a uuid has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid, or \a uuid is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SIZE if \a length is too small
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetUUID(nvmlDevice_t device, char *uuid, unsigned int length);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves minor number for the device. The minor number for the device is such that the Nvidia device node file for
+ * each GPU will have the form /dev/nvidia[minor number].
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ * Supported only for Linux
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param minorNumber Reference in which to return the minor number for the device
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if the minor number is successfully retrieved
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a minorNumber is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if this query is not supported by the device
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetMinorNumber(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int *minorNumber);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the the device board part number which is programmed into the board's InfoROM
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ *
+ * @param device Identifier of the target device
+ * @param partNumber Reference to the buffer to return
+ * @param length Length of the buffer reference
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a partNumber has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the needed VBIOS fields have not been filled
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a serial is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetBoardPartNumber(nvmlDevice_t device, char* partNumber, unsigned int length);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the version information for the device's infoROM object.
+ *
+ * For all products with an inforom.
+ *
+ * Fermi and higher parts have non-volatile on-board memory for persisting device info, such as aggregate
+ * ECC counts. The version of the data structures in this memory may change from time to time. It will not
+ * exceed 16 characters in length (including the NULL terminator).
+ * See \ref nvmlConstants::NVML_DEVICE_INFOROM_VERSION_BUFFER_SIZE.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlInforomObject_t for details on the available infoROM objects.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param object The target infoROM object
+ * @param version Reference in which to return the infoROM version
+ * @param length The maximum allowed length of the string returned in \a version
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a version has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a version is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SIZE if \a length is too small
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not have an infoROM
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetInforomImageVersion
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetInforomVersion(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlInforomObject_t object, char *version, unsigned int length);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the global infoROM image version
+ *
+ * For all products with an inforom.
+ *
+ * Image version just like VBIOS version uniquely describes the exact version of the infoROM flashed on the board
+ * in contrast to infoROM object version which is only an indicator of supported features.
+ * Version string will not exceed 16 characters in length (including the NULL terminator).
+ * See \ref nvmlConstants::NVML_DEVICE_INFOROM_VERSION_BUFFER_SIZE.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param version Reference in which to return the infoROM image version
+ * @param length The maximum allowed length of the string returned in \a version
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a version has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a version is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SIZE if \a length is too small
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not have an infoROM
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetInforomVersion
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetInforomImageVersion(nvmlDevice_t device, char *version, unsigned int length);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the checksum of the configuration stored in the device's infoROM.
+ *
+ * For all products with an inforom.
+ *
+ * Can be used to make sure that two GPUs have the exact same configuration.
+ * Current checksum takes into account configuration stored in PWR and ECC infoROM objects.
+ * Checksum can change between driver releases or when user changes configuration (e.g. disable/enable ECC)
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param checksum Reference in which to return the infoROM configuration checksum
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a checksum has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_CORRUPTED_INFOROM if the device's checksum couldn't be retrieved due to infoROM corruption
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a checksum is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetInforomConfigurationChecksum(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int *checksum);
+
+/**
+ * Reads the infoROM from the flash and verifies the checksums.
+ *
+ * For all products with an inforom.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if infoROM is not corrupted
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_CORRUPTED_INFOROM if the device's infoROM is corrupted
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceValidateInforom(nvmlDevice_t device);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the display mode for the device.
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ *
+ * This method indicates whether a physical display (e.g. monitor) is currently connected to
+ * any of the device's connectors.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlEnableState_t for details on allowed modes.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param display Reference in which to return the display mode
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a display has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a display is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetDisplayMode(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlEnableState_t *display);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the display active state for the device.
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ *
+ * This method indicates whether a display is initialized on the device.
+ * For example whether X Server is attached to this device and has allocated memory for the screen.
+ *
+ * Display can be active even when no monitor is physically attached.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlEnableState_t for details on allowed modes.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param isActive Reference in which to return the display active state
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a isActive has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a isActive is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetDisplayActive(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlEnableState_t *isActive);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the persistence mode associated with this device.
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ * For Linux only.
+ *
+ * When driver persistence mode is enabled the driver software state is not torn down when the last
+ * client disconnects. By default this feature is disabled.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlEnableState_t for details on allowed modes.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param mode Reference in which to return the current driver persistence mode
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a mode has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a mode is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceSetPersistenceMode()
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetPersistenceMode(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlEnableState_t *mode);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the PCI attributes of this device.
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlPciInfo_t for details on the available PCI info.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param pci Reference in which to return the PCI info
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a pci has been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a pci is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetPciInfo(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlPciInfo_t *pci);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the maximum PCIe link generation possible with this device and system
+ *
+ * I.E. for a generation 2 PCIe device attached to a generation 1 PCIe bus the max link generation this function will
+ * report is generation 1.
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param maxLinkGen Reference in which to return the max PCIe link generation
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a maxLinkGen has been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a maxLinkGen is null
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if PCIe link information is not available
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetMaxPcieLinkGeneration(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int *maxLinkGen);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the maximum PCIe link width possible with this device and system
+ *
+ * I.E. for a device with a 16x PCIe bus width attached to a 8x PCIe system bus this function will report
+ * a max link width of 8.
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param maxLinkWidth Reference in which to return the max PCIe link generation
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a maxLinkWidth has been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a maxLinkWidth is null
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if PCIe link information is not available
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetMaxPcieLinkWidth(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int *maxLinkWidth);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the current PCIe link generation
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param currLinkGen Reference in which to return the current PCIe link generation
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a currLinkGen has been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a currLinkGen is null
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if PCIe link information is not available
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetCurrPcieLinkGeneration(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int *currLinkGen);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the current PCIe link width
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param currLinkWidth Reference in which to return the current PCIe link generation
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a currLinkWidth has been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a currLinkWidth is null
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if PCIe link information is not available
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetCurrPcieLinkWidth(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int *currLinkWidth);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve PCIe utilization information.
+ * This function is querying a byte counter over a 20ms interval and thus is the
+ * PCIe throughput over that interval.
+ *
+ * For Maxwell &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * This method is not supported on virtualized GPU environments.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param counter The specific counter that should be queried \ref nvmlPcieUtilCounter_t
+ * @param value Reference in which to return throughput in KB/s
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a value has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device or \a counter is invalid, or \a value is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetPcieThroughput(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlPcieUtilCounter_t counter, unsigned int *value);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve the PCIe replay counter.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param value Reference in which to return the counter's value
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a value and \a rollover have been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid, or \a value or \a rollover are NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetPcieReplayCounter(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int *value);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the current clock speeds for the device.
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlClockType_t for details on available clock information.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param type Identify which clock domain to query
+ * @param clock Reference in which to return the clock speed in MHz
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a clock has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a clock is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device cannot report the specified clock
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetClockInfo(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlClockType_t type, unsigned int *clock);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the maximum clock speeds for the device.
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlClockType_t for details on available clock information.
+ *
+ * \note On GPUs from Fermi family current P0 clocks (reported by \ref nvmlDeviceGetClockInfo) can differ from max clocks
+ * by few MHz.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param type Identify which clock domain to query
+ * @param clock Reference in which to return the clock speed in MHz
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a clock has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a clock is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device cannot report the specified clock
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetMaxClockInfo(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlClockType_t type, unsigned int *clock);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the current setting of a clock that applications will use unless an overspec situation occurs.
+ * Can be changed using \ref nvmlDeviceSetApplicationsClocks.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param clockType Identify which clock domain to query
+ * @param clockMHz Reference in which to return the clock in MHz
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a clockMHz has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a clockMHz is NULL or \a clockType is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetApplicationsClock(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlClockType_t clockType, unsigned int *clockMHz);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the default applications clock that GPU boots with or
+ * defaults to after \ref nvmlDeviceResetApplicationsClocks call.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param clockType Identify which clock domain to query
+ * @param clockMHz Reference in which to return the default clock in MHz
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a clockMHz has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a clockMHz is NULL or \a clockType is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * \see nvmlDeviceGetApplicationsClock
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetDefaultApplicationsClock(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlClockType_t clockType, unsigned int *clockMHz);
+
+/**
+ * Resets the application clock to the default value
+ *
+ * This is the applications clock that will be used after system reboot or driver reload.
+ * Default value is constant, but the current value an be changed using \ref nvmlDeviceSetApplicationsClocks.
+ *
+ * On Pascal and newer hardware, if clocks were previously locked with \ref nvmlDeviceSetApplicationsClocks,
+ * this call will unlock clocks. This returns clocks their default behavior ofautomatically boosting above
+ * base clocks as thermal limits allow.
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetApplicationsClock
+ * @see nvmlDeviceSetApplicationsClocks
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer non-GeForce fully supported devices and Maxwell or newer GeForce devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if new settings were successfully set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceResetApplicationsClocks(nvmlDevice_t device);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the clock speed for the clock specified by the clock type and clock ID.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param clockType Identify which clock domain to query
+ * @param clockId Identify which clock in the domain to query
+ * @param clockMHz Reference in which to return the clock in MHz
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a clockMHz has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a clockMHz is NULL or \a clockType is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetClock(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlClockType_t clockType, nvmlClockId_t clockId, unsigned int *clockMHz);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the customer defined maximum boost clock speed specified by the given clock type.
+ *
+ * For newer than Maxwell &tm; fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param clockType Identify which clock domain to query
+ * @param clockMHz Reference in which to return the clock in MHz
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a clockMHz has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a clockMHz is NULL or \a clockType is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device or the \a clockType on this device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetMaxCustomerBoostClock(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlClockType_t clockType, unsigned int *clockMHz);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the list of possible memory clocks that can be used as an argument for \ref nvmlDeviceSetApplicationsClocks.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param count Reference in which to provide the \a clocksMHz array size, and
+ * to return the number of elements
+ * @param clocksMHz Reference in which to return the clock in MHz
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a count and \a clocksMHz have been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a count is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SIZE if \a count is too small (\a count is set to the number of
+ * required elements)
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceSetApplicationsClocks
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetSupportedGraphicsClocks
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetSupportedMemoryClocks(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int *count, unsigned int *clocksMHz);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the list of possible graphics clocks that can be used as an argument for \ref nvmlDeviceSetApplicationsClocks.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param memoryClockMHz Memory clock for which to return possible graphics clocks
+ * @param count Reference in which to provide the \a clocksMHz array size, and
+ * to return the number of elements
+ * @param clocksMHz Reference in which to return the clocks in MHz
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a count and \a clocksMHz have been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_FOUND if the specified \a memoryClockMHz is not a supported frequency
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a clock is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SIZE if \a count is too small
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceSetApplicationsClocks
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetSupportedMemoryClocks
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetSupportedGraphicsClocks(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int memoryClockMHz, unsigned int *count, unsigned int *clocksMHz);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve the current state of Auto Boosted clocks on a device and store it in \a isEnabled
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * Auto Boosted clocks are enabled by default on some hardware, allowing the GPU to run at higher clock rates
+ * to maximize performance as thermal limits allow.
+ *
+ * On Pascal and newer hardware, Auto Aoosted clocks are controlled through application clocks.
+ * Use \ref nvmlDeviceSetApplicationsClocks and \ref nvmlDeviceResetApplicationsClocks to control Auto Boost
+ * behavior.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param isEnabled Where to store the current state of Auto Boosted clocks of the target device
+ * @param defaultIsEnabled Where to store the default Auto Boosted clocks behavior of the target device that the device will
+ * revert to when no applications are using the GPU
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS If \a isEnabled has been been set with the Auto Boosted clocks state of \a device
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a isEnabled is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support Auto Boosted clocks
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetAutoBoostedClocksEnabled(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlEnableState_t *isEnabled, nvmlEnableState_t *defaultIsEnabled);
+
+/**
+ * Try to set the current state of Auto Boosted clocks on a device.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * Auto Boosted clocks are enabled by default on some hardware, allowing the GPU to run at higher clock rates
+ * to maximize performance as thermal limits allow. Auto Boosted clocks should be disabled if fixed clock
+ * rates are desired.
+ *
+ * Non-root users may use this API by default but can be restricted by root from using this API by calling
+ * \ref nvmlDeviceSetAPIRestriction with apiType=NVML_RESTRICTED_API_SET_AUTO_BOOSTED_CLOCKS.
+ * Note: Persistence Mode is required to modify current Auto Boost settings, therefore, it must be enabled.
+ *
+ * On Pascal and newer hardware, Auto Boosted clocks are controlled through application clocks.
+ * Use \ref nvmlDeviceSetApplicationsClocks and \ref nvmlDeviceResetApplicationsClocks to control Auto Boost
+ * behavior.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param enabled What state to try to set Auto Boosted clocks of the target device to
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS If the Auto Boosted clocks were successfully set to the state specified by \a enabled
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support Auto Boosted clocks
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceSetAutoBoostedClocksEnabled(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlEnableState_t enabled);
+
+/**
+ * Try to set the default state of Auto Boosted clocks on a device. This is the default state that Auto Boosted clocks will
+ * return to when no compute running processes (e.g. CUDA application which have an active context) are running
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer non-GeForce fully supported devices and Maxwell or newer GeForce devices.
+ * Requires root/admin permissions.
+ *
+ * Auto Boosted clocks are enabled by default on some hardware, allowing the GPU to run at higher clock rates
+ * to maximize performance as thermal limits allow. Auto Boosted clocks should be disabled if fixed clock
+ * rates are desired.
+ *
+ * On Pascal and newer hardware, Auto Boosted clocks are controlled through application clocks.
+ * Use \ref nvmlDeviceSetApplicationsClocks and \ref nvmlDeviceResetApplicationsClocks to control Auto Boost
+ * behavior.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param enabled What state to try to set default Auto Boosted clocks of the target device to
+ * @param flags Flags that change the default behavior. Currently Unused.
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS If the Auto Boosted clock's default state was successfully set to the state specified by \a enabled
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION If the calling user does not have permission to change Auto Boosted clock's default state.
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support Auto Boosted clocks
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceSetDefaultAutoBoostedClocksEnabled(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlEnableState_t enabled, unsigned int flags);
+
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the intended operating speed of the device's fan.
+ *
+ * Note: The reported speed is the intended fan speed. If the fan is physically blocked and unable to spin, the
+ * output will not match the actual fan speed.
+ *
+ * For all discrete products with dedicated fans.
+ *
+ * The fan speed is expressed as a percent of the maximum, i.e. full speed is 100%.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param speed Reference in which to return the fan speed percentage
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a speed has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a speed is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not have a fan
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetFanSpeed(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int *speed);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the current temperature readings for the device, in degrees C.
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlTemperatureSensors_t for details on available temperature sensors.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param sensorType Flag that indicates which sensor reading to retrieve
+ * @param temp Reference in which to return the temperature reading
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a temp has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid, \a sensorType is invalid or \a temp is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not have the specified sensor
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetTemperature(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlTemperatureSensors_t sensorType, unsigned int *temp);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the temperature threshold for the GPU with the specified threshold type in degrees C.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlTemperatureThresholds_t for details on available temperature thresholds.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param thresholdType The type of threshold value queried
+ * @param temp Reference in which to return the temperature reading
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a temp has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid, \a thresholdType is invalid or \a temp is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not have a temperature sensor or is unsupported
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetTemperatureThreshold(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlTemperatureThresholds_t thresholdType, unsigned int *temp);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the current performance state for the device.
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlPstates_t for details on allowed performance states.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param pState Reference in which to return the performance state reading
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a pState has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a pState is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetPerformanceState(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlPstates_t *pState);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves current clocks throttling reasons.
+ *
+ * For all fully supported products.
+ *
+ * \note More than one bit can be enabled at the same time. Multiple reasons can be affecting clocks at once.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param clocksThrottleReasons Reference in which to return bitmask of active clocks throttle
+ * reasons
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a clocksThrottleReasons has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a clocksThrottleReasons is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlClocksThrottleReasons
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetSupportedClocksThrottleReasons
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetCurrentClocksThrottleReasons(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned long long *clocksThrottleReasons);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves bitmask of supported clocks throttle reasons that can be returned by
+ * \ref nvmlDeviceGetCurrentClocksThrottleReasons
+ *
+ * For all fully supported products.
+ *
+ * This method is not supported on virtualized GPU environments.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param supportedClocksThrottleReasons Reference in which to return bitmask of supported
+ * clocks throttle reasons
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a supportedClocksThrottleReasons has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a supportedClocksThrottleReasons is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlClocksThrottleReasons
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetCurrentClocksThrottleReasons
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetSupportedClocksThrottleReasons(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned long long *supportedClocksThrottleReasons);
+
+/**
+ * Deprecated: Use \ref nvmlDeviceGetPerformanceState. This function exposes an incorrect generalization.
+ *
+ * Retrieve the current performance state for the device.
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlPstates_t for details on allowed performance states.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param pState Reference in which to return the performance state reading
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a pState has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a pState is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetPowerState(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlPstates_t *pState);
+
+/**
+ * This API has been deprecated.
+ *
+ * Retrieves the power management mode associated with this device.
+ *
+ * For products from the Fermi family.
+ * - Requires \a NVML_INFOROM_POWER version 3.0 or higher.
+ *
+ * For from the Kepler or newer families.
+ * - Does not require \a NVML_INFOROM_POWER object.
+ *
+ * This flag indicates whether any power management algorithm is currently active on the device. An
+ * enabled state does not necessarily mean the device is being actively throttled -- only that
+ * that the driver will do so if the appropriate conditions are met.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlEnableState_t for details on allowed modes.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param mode Reference in which to return the current power management mode
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a mode has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a mode is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetPowerManagementMode(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlEnableState_t *mode);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the power management limit associated with this device.
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * The power limit defines the upper boundary for the card's power draw. If
+ * the card's total power draw reaches this limit the power management algorithm kicks in.
+ *
+ * This reading is only available if power management mode is supported.
+ * See \ref nvmlDeviceGetPowerManagementMode.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param limit Reference in which to return the power management limit in milliwatts
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a limit has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a limit is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetPowerManagementLimit(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int *limit);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves information about possible values of power management limits on this device.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param minLimit Reference in which to return the minimum power management limit in milliwatts
+ * @param maxLimit Reference in which to return the maximum power management limit in milliwatts
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a minLimit and \a maxLimit have been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a minLimit or \a maxLimit is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceSetPowerManagementLimit
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetPowerManagementLimitConstraints(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int *minLimit, unsigned int *maxLimit);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves default power management limit on this device, in milliwatts.
+ * Default power management limit is a power management limit that the device boots with.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param defaultLimit Reference in which to return the default power management limit in milliwatts
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a defaultLimit has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a defaultLimit is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetPowerManagementDefaultLimit(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int *defaultLimit);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves power usage for this GPU in milliwatts and its associated circuitry (e.g. memory)
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * On Fermi and Kepler GPUs the reading is accurate to within +/- 5% of current power draw.
+ *
+ * It is only available if power management mode is supported. See \ref nvmlDeviceGetPowerManagementMode.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param power Reference in which to return the power usage information
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a power has been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a power is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support power readings
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetPowerUsage(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int *power);
+
+/**
+ * Get the effective power limit that the driver enforces after taking into account all limiters
+ *
+ * Note: This can be different from the \ref nvmlDeviceGetPowerManagementLimit if other limits are set elsewhere
+ * This includes the out of band power limit interface
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The device to communicate with
+ * @param limit Reference in which to return the power management limit in milliwatts
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a limit has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a limit is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetEnforcedPowerLimit(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int *limit);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the current GOM and pending GOM (the one that GPU will switch to after reboot).
+ *
+ * For GK110 M-class and X-class Tesla &tm; products from the Kepler family.
+ * Modes \ref NVML_GOM_LOW_DP and \ref NVML_GOM_ALL_ON are supported on fully supported GeForce products.
+ * Not supported on Quadro &reg; and Tesla &tm; C-class products.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param current Reference in which to return the current GOM
+ * @param pending Reference in which to return the pending GOM
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a mode has been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a current or \a pending is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlGpuOperationMode_t
+ * @see nvmlDeviceSetGpuOperationMode
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetGpuOperationMode(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlGpuOperationMode_t *current, nvmlGpuOperationMode_t *pending);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the amount of used, free and total memory available on the device, in bytes.
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ *
+ * Enabling ECC reduces the amount of total available memory, due to the extra required parity bits.
+ * Under WDDM most device memory is allocated and managed on startup by Windows.
+ *
+ * Under Linux and Windows TCC, the reported amount of used memory is equal to the sum of memory allocated
+ * by all active channels on the device.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlMemory_t for details on available memory info.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param memory Reference in which to return the memory information
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a memory has been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a memory is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetMemoryInfo(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlMemory_t *memory);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the current compute mode for the device.
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlComputeMode_t for details on allowed compute modes.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param mode Reference in which to return the current compute mode
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a mode has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a mode is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceSetComputeMode()
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetComputeMode(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlComputeMode_t *mode);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the current and pending ECC modes for the device.
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ * Only applicable to devices with ECC.
+ * Requires \a NVML_INFOROM_ECC version 1.0 or higher.
+ *
+ * Changing ECC modes requires a reboot. The "pending" ECC mode refers to the target mode following
+ * the next reboot.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlEnableState_t for details on allowed modes.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param current Reference in which to return the current ECC mode
+ * @param pending Reference in which to return the pending ECC mode
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a current and \a pending have been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or either \a current or \a pending is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceSetEccMode()
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetEccMode(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlEnableState_t *current, nvmlEnableState_t *pending);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the device boardId from 0-N.
+ * Devices with the same boardId indicate GPUs connected to the same PLX. Use in conjunction with
+ * \ref nvmlDeviceGetMultiGpuBoard() to decide if they are on the same board as well.
+ * The boardId returned is a unique ID for the current configuration. Uniqueness and ordering across
+ * reboots and system configurations is not guaranteed (i.e. if a Tesla K40c returns 0x100 and
+ * the two GPUs on a Tesla K10 in the same system returns 0x200 it is not guaranteed they will
+ * always return those values but they will always be different from each other).
+ *
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param boardId Reference in which to return the device's board ID
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a boardId has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a boardId is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetBoardId(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int *boardId);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves whether the device is on a Multi-GPU Board
+ * Devices that are on multi-GPU boards will set \a multiGpuBool to a non-zero value.
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param multiGpuBool Reference in which to return a zero or non-zero value
+ * to indicate whether the device is on a multi GPU board
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a multiGpuBool has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a multiGpuBool is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetMultiGpuBoard(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int *multiGpuBool);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the total ECC error counts for the device.
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ * Only applicable to devices with ECC.
+ * Requires \a NVML_INFOROM_ECC version 1.0 or higher.
+ * Requires ECC Mode to be enabled.
+ *
+ * The total error count is the sum of errors across each of the separate memory systems, i.e. the total set of
+ * errors across the entire device.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlMemoryErrorType_t for a description of available error types.\n
+ * See \ref nvmlEccCounterType_t for a description of available counter types.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param errorType Flag that specifies the type of the errors.
+ * @param counterType Flag that specifies the counter-type of the errors.
+ * @param eccCounts Reference in which to return the specified ECC errors
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a eccCounts has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device, \a errorType or \a counterType is invalid, or \a eccCounts is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceClearEccErrorCounts()
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetTotalEccErrors(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlMemoryErrorType_t errorType, nvmlEccCounterType_t counterType, unsigned long long *eccCounts);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the detailed ECC error counts for the device.
+ *
+ * @deprecated This API supports only a fixed set of ECC error locations
+ * On different GPU architectures different locations are supported
+ * See \ref nvmlDeviceGetMemoryErrorCounter
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ * Only applicable to devices with ECC.
+ * Requires \a NVML_INFOROM_ECC version 2.0 or higher to report aggregate location-based ECC counts.
+ * Requires \a NVML_INFOROM_ECC version 1.0 or higher to report all other ECC counts.
+ * Requires ECC Mode to be enabled.
+ *
+ * Detailed errors provide separate ECC counts for specific parts of the memory system.
+ *
+ * Reports zero for unsupported ECC error counters when a subset of ECC error counters are supported.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlMemoryErrorType_t for a description of available bit types.\n
+ * See \ref nvmlEccCounterType_t for a description of available counter types.\n
+ * See \ref nvmlEccErrorCounts_t for a description of provided detailed ECC counts.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param errorType Flag that specifies the type of the errors.
+ * @param counterType Flag that specifies the counter-type of the errors.
+ * @param eccCounts Reference in which to return the specified ECC errors
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a eccCounts has been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device, \a errorType or \a counterType is invalid, or \a eccCounts is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceClearEccErrorCounts()
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetDetailedEccErrors(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlMemoryErrorType_t errorType, nvmlEccCounterType_t counterType, nvmlEccErrorCounts_t *eccCounts);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the requested memory error counter for the device.
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ * Requires \a NVML_INFOROM_ECC version 2.0 or higher to report aggregate location-based memory error counts.
+ * Requires \a NVML_INFOROM_ECC version 1.0 or higher to report all other memory error counts.
+ *
+ * Only applicable to devices with ECC.
+ *
+ * Requires ECC Mode to be enabled.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlMemoryErrorType_t for a description of available memory error types.\n
+ * See \ref nvmlEccCounterType_t for a description of available counter types.\n
+ * See \ref nvmlMemoryLocation_t for a description of available counter locations.\n
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param errorType Flag that specifies the type of error.
+ * @param counterType Flag that specifies the counter-type of the errors.
+ * @param locationType Specifies the location of the counter.
+ * @param count Reference in which to return the ECC counter
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a count has been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device, \a bitTyp,e \a counterType or \a locationType is
+ * invalid, or \a count is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support ECC error reporting in the specified memory
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetMemoryErrorCounter(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlMemoryErrorType_t errorType,
+ nvmlEccCounterType_t counterType,
+ nvmlMemoryLocation_t locationType, unsigned long long *count);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the current utilization rates for the device's major subsystems.
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlUtilization_t for details on available utilization rates.
+ *
+ * \note During driver initialization when ECC is enabled one can see high GPU and Memory Utilization readings.
+ * This is caused by ECC Memory Scrubbing mechanism that is performed during driver initialization.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param utilization Reference in which to return the utilization information
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a utilization has been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a utilization is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetUtilizationRates(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlUtilization_t *utilization);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the current utilization and sampling size in microseconds for the Encoder
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param utilization Reference to an unsigned int for encoder utilization info
+ * @param samplingPeriodUs Reference to an unsigned int for the sampling period in US
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a utilization has been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid, \a utilization is NULL, or \a samplingPeriodUs is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetEncoderUtilization(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int *utilization, unsigned int *samplingPeriodUs);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the current utilization and sampling size in microseconds for the Decoder
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param utilization Reference to an unsigned int for decoder utilization info
+ * @param samplingPeriodUs Reference to an unsigned int for the sampling period in US
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a utilization has been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid, \a utilization is NULL, or \a samplingPeriodUs is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetDecoderUtilization(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int *utilization, unsigned int *samplingPeriodUs);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the current and pending driver model for the device.
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ * For windows only.
+ *
+ * On Windows platforms the device driver can run in either WDDM or WDM (TCC) mode. If a display is attached
+ * to the device it must run in WDDM mode. TCC mode is preferred if a display is not attached.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlDriverModel_t for details on available driver models.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param current Reference in which to return the current driver model
+ * @param pending Reference in which to return the pending driver model
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if either \a current and/or \a pending have been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or both \a current and \a pending are NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the platform is not windows
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceSetDriverModel()
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetDriverModel(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlDriverModel_t *current, nvmlDriverModel_t *pending);
+
+/**
+ * Get VBIOS version of the device.
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ *
+ * The VBIOS version may change from time to time. It will not exceed 32 characters in length
+ * (including the NULL terminator). See \ref nvmlConstants::NVML_DEVICE_VBIOS_VERSION_BUFFER_SIZE.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param version Reference to which to return the VBIOS version
+ * @param length The maximum allowed length of the string returned in \a version
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a version has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid, or \a version is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SIZE if \a length is too small
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetVbiosVersion(nvmlDevice_t device, char *version, unsigned int length);
+
+/**
+ * Get Bridge Chip Information for all the bridge chips on the board.
+ *
+ * For all fully supported products.
+ * Only applicable to multi-GPU products.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param bridgeHierarchy Reference to the returned bridge chip Hierarchy
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if bridge chip exists
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid, or \a bridgeInfo is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if bridge chip not supported on the device
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetBridgeChipInfo(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlBridgeChipHierarchy_t *bridgeHierarchy);
+
+/**
+ * Get information about processes with a compute context on a device
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * This function returns information only about compute running processes (e.g. CUDA application which have
+ * active context). Any graphics applications (e.g. using OpenGL, DirectX) won't be listed by this function.
+ *
+ * To query the current number of running compute processes, call this function with *infoCount = 0. The
+ * return code will be NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SIZE, or NVML_SUCCESS if none are running. For this call
+ * \a infos is allowed to be NULL.
+ *
+ * The usedGpuMemory field returned is all of the memory used by the application.
+ *
+ * Keep in mind that information returned by this call is dynamic and the number of elements might change in
+ * time. Allocate more space for \a infos table in case new compute processes are spawned.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param infoCount Reference in which to provide the \a infos array size, and
+ * to return the number of returned elements
+ * @param infos Reference in which to return the process information
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a infoCount and \a infos have been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SIZE if \a infoCount indicates that the \a infos array is too small
+ * \a infoCount will contain minimal amount of space necessary for
+ * the call to complete
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid, either of \a infoCount or \a infos is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see \ref nvmlSystemGetProcessName
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetComputeRunningProcesses(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int *infoCount, nvmlProcessInfo_t *infos);
+
+/**
+ * Get information about processes with a graphics context on a device
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * This function returns information only about graphics based processes
+ * (eg. applications using OpenGL, DirectX)
+ *
+ * To query the current number of running graphics processes, call this function with *infoCount = 0. The
+ * return code will be NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SIZE, or NVML_SUCCESS if none are running. For this call
+ * \a infos is allowed to be NULL.
+ *
+ * The usedGpuMemory field returned is all of the memory used by the application.
+ *
+ * Keep in mind that information returned by this call is dynamic and the number of elements might change in
+ * time. Allocate more space for \a infos table in case new graphics processes are spawned.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param infoCount Reference in which to provide the \a infos array size, and
+ * to return the number of returned elements
+ * @param infos Reference in which to return the process information
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a infoCount and \a infos have been populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SIZE if \a infoCount indicates that the \a infos array is too small
+ * \a infoCount will contain minimal amount of space necessary for
+ * the call to complete
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid, either of \a infoCount or \a infos is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see \ref nvmlSystemGetProcessName
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetGraphicsRunningProcesses(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int *infoCount, nvmlProcessInfo_t *infos);
+
+/**
+ * Check if the GPU devices are on the same physical board.
+ *
+ * For all fully supported products.
+ *
+ * @param device1 The first GPU device
+ * @param device2 The second GPU device
+ * @param onSameBoard Reference in which to return the status.
+ * Non-zero indicates that the GPUs are on the same board.
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a onSameBoard has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a dev1 or \a dev2 are invalid or \a onSameBoard is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if this check is not supported by the device
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the either GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceOnSameBoard(nvmlDevice_t device1, nvmlDevice_t device2, int *onSameBoard);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the root/admin permissions on the target API. See \a nvmlRestrictedAPI_t for the list of supported APIs.
+ * If an API is restricted only root users can call that API. See \a nvmlDeviceSetAPIRestriction to change current permissions.
+ *
+ * For all fully supported products.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param apiType Target API type for this operation
+ * @param isRestricted Reference in which to return the current restriction
+ * NVML_FEATURE_ENABLED indicates that the API is root-only
+ * NVML_FEATURE_DISABLED indicates that the API is accessible to all users
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a isRestricted has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid, \a apiType incorrect or \a isRestricted is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if this query is not supported by the device or the device does not support
+ * the feature that is being queried (E.G. Enabling/disabling Auto Boosted clocks is
+ * not supported by the device)
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlRestrictedAPI_t
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetAPIRestriction(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlRestrictedAPI_t apiType, nvmlEnableState_t *isRestricted);
+
+/**
+ * Gets recent samples for the GPU.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * Based on type, this method can be used to fetch the power, utilization or clock samples maintained in the buffer by
+ * the driver.
+ *
+ * Power, Utilization and Clock samples are returned as type "unsigned int" for the union nvmlValue_t.
+ *
+ * To get the size of samples that user needs to allocate, the method is invoked with samples set to NULL.
+ * The returned samplesCount will provide the number of samples that can be queried. The user needs to
+ * allocate the buffer with size as samplesCount * sizeof(nvmlSample_t).
+ *
+ * lastSeenTimeStamp represents CPU timestamp in microseconds. Set it to 0 to fetch all the samples maintained by the
+ * underlying buffer. Set lastSeenTimeStamp to one of the timeStamps retrieved from the date of the previous query
+ * to get more recent samples.
+ *
+ * This method fetches the number of entries which can be accommodated in the provided samples array, and the
+ * reference samplesCount is updated to indicate how many samples were actually retrieved. The advantage of using this
+ * method for samples in contrast to polling via existing methods is to get get higher frequency data at lower polling cost.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier for the target device
+ * @param type Type of sampling event
+ * @param lastSeenTimeStamp Return only samples with timestamp greater than lastSeenTimeStamp.
+ * @param sampleValType Output parameter to represent the type of sample value as described in nvmlSampleVal_t
+ * @param sampleCount Reference to provide the number of elements which can be queried in samples array
+ * @param samples Reference in which samples are returned
+
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if samples are successfully retrieved
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid, \a samplesCount is NULL or
+ * reference to \a sampleCount is 0 for non null \a samples
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if this query is not supported by the device
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_FOUND if sample entries are not found
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetSamples(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlSamplingType_t type, unsigned long long lastSeenTimeStamp,
+ nvmlValueType_t *sampleValType, unsigned int *sampleCount, nvmlSample_t *samples);
+
+/**
+ * Gets Total, Available and Used size of BAR1 memory.
+ *
+ * BAR1 is used to map the FB (device memory) so that it can be directly accessed by the CPU or by 3rd party
+ * devices (peer-to-peer on the PCIE bus).
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param bar1Memory Reference in which BAR1 memory
+ * information is returned.
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if BAR1 memory is successfully retrieved
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid, \a bar1Memory is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if this query is not supported by the device
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetBAR1MemoryInfo(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlBAR1Memory_t *bar1Memory);
+
+
+/**
+ * Gets the duration of time during which the device was throttled (lower than requested clocks) due to power
+ * or thermal constraints.
+ *
+ * The method is important to users who are tying to understand if their GPUs throttle at any point during their applications. The
+ * difference in violation times at two different reference times gives the indication of GPU throttling event.
+ *
+ * Violation for thermal capping is not supported at this time.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param perfPolicyType Represents Performance policy which can trigger GPU throttling
+ * @param violTime Reference to which violation time related information is returned
+ *
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if violation time is successfully retrieved
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid, \a perfPolicyType is invalid, or \a violTime is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if this query is not supported by the device
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ *
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetViolationStatus(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlPerfPolicyType_t perfPolicyType, nvmlViolationTime_t *violTime);
+
+/**
+ * @}
+ */
+
+/** @addtogroup nvmlAccountingStats
+ * @{
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Queries the state of per process accounting mode.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlDeviceGetAccountingStats for more details.
+ * See \ref nvmlDeviceSetAccountingMode
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param mode Reference in which to return the current accounting mode
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if the mode has been successfully retrieved
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a mode are NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device doesn't support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetAccountingMode(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlEnableState_t *mode);
+
+/**
+ * Queries process's accounting stats.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * Accounting stats capture GPU utilization and other statistics across the lifetime of a process.
+ * Accounting stats can be queried during life time of the process and after its termination.
+ * The time field in \ref nvmlAccountingStats_t is reported as 0 during the lifetime of the process and
+ * updated to actual running time after its termination.
+ * Accounting stats are kept in a circular buffer, newly created processes overwrite information about old
+ * processes.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlAccountingStats_t for description of each returned metric.
+ * List of processes that can be queried can be retrieved from \ref nvmlDeviceGetAccountingPids.
+ *
+ * @note Accounting Mode needs to be on. See \ref nvmlDeviceGetAccountingMode.
+ * @note Only compute and graphics applications stats can be queried. Monitoring applications stats can't be
+ * queried since they don't contribute to GPU utilization.
+ * @note In case of pid collision stats of only the latest process (that terminated last) will be reported
+ *
+ * @warning On Kepler devices per process statistics are accurate only if there's one process running on a GPU.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param pid Process Id of the target process to query stats for
+ * @param stats Reference in which to return the process's accounting stats
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if stats have been successfully retrieved
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a stats are NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_FOUND if process stats were not found
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device doesn't support this feature or accounting mode is disabled
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetAccountingBufferSize
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetAccountingStats(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int pid, nvmlAccountingStats_t *stats);
+
+/**
+ * Queries list of processes that can be queried for accounting stats. The list of processes returned
+ * can be in running or terminated state.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * To just query the number of processes ready to be queried, call this function with *count = 0 and
+ * pids=NULL. The return code will be NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SIZE, or NVML_SUCCESS if list is empty.
+ *
+ * For more details see \ref nvmlDeviceGetAccountingStats.
+ *
+ * @note In case of PID collision some processes might not be accessible before the circular buffer is full.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param count Reference in which to provide the \a pids array size, and
+ * to return the number of elements ready to be queried
+ * @param pids Reference in which to return list of process ids
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if pids were successfully retrieved
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a count is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device doesn't support this feature or accounting mode is disabled
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SIZE if \a count is too small (\a count is set to
+ * expected value)
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetAccountingBufferSize
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetAccountingPids(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int *count, unsigned int *pids);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the number of processes that the circular buffer with accounting pids can hold.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * This is the maximum number of processes that accounting information will be stored for before information
+ * about oldest processes will get overwritten by information about new processes.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param bufferSize Reference in which to provide the size (in number of elements)
+ * of the circular buffer for accounting stats.
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if buffer size was successfully retrieved
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a bufferSize is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device doesn't support this feature or accounting mode is disabled
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetAccountingStats
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetAccountingPids
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetAccountingBufferSize(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int *bufferSize);
+
+/** @} */
+
+/** @addtogroup nvmlDeviceQueries
+ * @{
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Returns the list of retired pages by source, including pages that are pending retirement
+ * The address information provided from this API is the hardware address of the page that was retired. Note
+ * that this does not match the virtual address used in CUDA, but will match the address information in XID 63
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param cause Filter page addresses by cause of retirement
+ * @param pageCount Reference in which to provide the \a addresses buffer size, and
+ * to return the number of retired pages that match \a cause
+ * Set to 0 to query the size without allocating an \a addresses buffer
+ * @param addresses Buffer to write the page addresses into
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a pageCount was populated and \a addresses was filled
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SIZE if \a pageCount indicates the buffer is not large enough to store all the
+ * matching page addresses. \a pageCount is set to the needed size.
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid, \a pageCount is NULL, \a cause is invalid, or
+ * \a addresses is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device doesn't support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetRetiredPages(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlPageRetirementCause_t cause,
+ unsigned int *pageCount, unsigned long long *addresses);
+
+/**
+ * Check if any pages are pending retirement and need a reboot to fully retire.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param isPending Reference in which to return the pending status
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a isPending was populated
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a isPending is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device doesn't support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetRetiredPagesPendingStatus(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlEnableState_t *isPending);
+
+/** @} */
+
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+/** @defgroup nvmlUnitCommands Unit Commands
+ * This chapter describes NVML operations that change the state of the unit. For S-class products.
+ * Each of these requires root/admin access. Non-admin users will see an NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION
+ * error code when invoking any of these methods.
+ * @{
+ */
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Set the LED state for the unit. The LED can be either green (0) or amber (1).
+ *
+ * For S-class products.
+ * Requires root/admin permissions.
+ *
+ * This operation takes effect immediately.
+ *
+ *
+ * <b>Current S-Class products don't provide unique LEDs for each unit. As such, both front
+ * and back LEDs will be toggled in unison regardless of which unit is specified with this command.</b>
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlLedColor_t for available colors.
+ *
+ * @param unit The identifier of the target unit
+ * @param color The target LED color
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if the LED color has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a unit or \a color is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if this is not an S-class product
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION if the user doesn't have permission to perform this operation
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlUnitGetLedState()
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlUnitSetLedState(nvmlUnit_t unit, nvmlLedColor_t color);
+
+/** @} */
+
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+/** @defgroup nvmlDeviceCommands Device Commands
+ * This chapter describes NVML operations that change the state of the device.
+ * Each of these requires root/admin access. Non-admin users will see an NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION
+ * error code when invoking any of these methods.
+ * @{
+ */
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Set the persistence mode for the device.
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ * For Linux only.
+ * Requires root/admin permissions.
+ *
+ * The persistence mode determines whether the GPU driver software is torn down after the last client
+ * exits.
+ *
+ * This operation takes effect immediately. It is not persistent across reboots. After each reboot the
+ * persistence mode is reset to "Disabled".
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlEnableState_t for available modes.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param mode The target persistence mode
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if the persistence mode was set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a mode is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION if the user doesn't have permission to perform this operation
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetPersistenceMode()
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceSetPersistenceMode(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlEnableState_t mode);
+
+/**
+ * Set the compute mode for the device.
+ *
+ * For all products.
+ * Requires root/admin permissions.
+ *
+ * The compute mode determines whether a GPU can be used for compute operations and whether it can
+ * be shared across contexts.
+ *
+ * This operation takes effect immediately. Under Linux it is not persistent across reboots and
+ * always resets to "Default". Under windows it is persistent.
+ *
+ * Under windows compute mode may only be set to DEFAULT when running in WDDM
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlComputeMode_t for details on available compute modes.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param mode The target compute mode
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if the compute mode was set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a mode is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION if the user doesn't have permission to perform this operation
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetComputeMode()
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceSetComputeMode(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlComputeMode_t mode);
+
+/**
+ * Set the ECC mode for the device.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ * Only applicable to devices with ECC.
+ * Requires \a NVML_INFOROM_ECC version 1.0 or higher.
+ * Requires root/admin permissions.
+ *
+ * The ECC mode determines whether the GPU enables its ECC support.
+ *
+ * This operation takes effect after the next reboot.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlEnableState_t for details on available modes.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param ecc The target ECC mode
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if the ECC mode was set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a ecc is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION if the user doesn't have permission to perform this operation
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetEccMode()
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceSetEccMode(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlEnableState_t ecc);
+
+/**
+ * Clear the ECC error and other memory error counts for the device.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ * Only applicable to devices with ECC.
+ * Requires \a NVML_INFOROM_ECC version 2.0 or higher to clear aggregate location-based ECC counts.
+ * Requires \a NVML_INFOROM_ECC version 1.0 or higher to clear all other ECC counts.
+ * Requires root/admin permissions.
+ * Requires ECC Mode to be enabled.
+ *
+ * Sets all of the specified ECC counters to 0, including both detailed and total counts.
+ *
+ * This operation takes effect immediately.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlMemoryErrorType_t for details on available counter types.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param counterType Flag that indicates which type of errors should be cleared.
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if the error counts were cleared
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a counterType is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION if the user doesn't have permission to perform this operation
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see
+ * - nvmlDeviceGetDetailedEccErrors()
+ * - nvmlDeviceGetTotalEccErrors()
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceClearEccErrorCounts(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlEccCounterType_t counterType);
+
+/**
+ * Set the driver model for the device.
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ * For windows only.
+ * Requires root/admin permissions.
+ *
+ * On Windows platforms the device driver can run in either WDDM or WDM (TCC) mode. If a display is attached
+ * to the device it must run in WDDM mode.
+ *
+ * It is possible to force the change to WDM (TCC) while the display is still attached with a force flag (nvmlFlagForce).
+ * This should only be done if the host is subsequently powered down and the display is detached from the device
+ * before the next reboot.
+ *
+ * This operation takes effect after the next reboot.
+ *
+ * Windows driver model may only be set to WDDM when running in DEFAULT compute mode.
+ *
+ * Change driver model to WDDM is not supported when GPU doesn't support graphics acceleration or
+ * will not support it after reboot. See \ref nvmlDeviceSetGpuOperationMode.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlDriverModel_t for details on available driver models.
+ * See \ref nvmlFlagDefault and \ref nvmlFlagForce
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param driverModel The target driver model
+ * @param flags Flags that change the default behavior
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if the driver model has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a driverModel is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the platform is not windows or the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION if the user doesn't have permission to perform this operation
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetDriverModel()
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceSetDriverModel(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlDriverModel_t driverModel, unsigned int flags);
+
+/**
+ * Set clocks that applications will lock to.
+ *
+ * Sets the clocks that compute and graphics applications will be running at.
+ * e.g. CUDA driver requests these clocks during context creation which means this property
+ * defines clocks at which CUDA applications will be running unless some overspec event
+ * occurs (e.g. over power, over thermal or external HW brake).
+ *
+ * Can be used as a setting to request constant performance.
+ *
+ * On Pascal and newer hardware, this will automatically disable automatic boosting of clocks.
+ *
+ * On K80 and newer Kepler and Maxwell GPUs, users desiring fixed performance should also call
+ * \ref nvmlDeviceSetAutoBoostedClocksEnabled to prevent clocks from automatically boosting
+ * above the clock value being set.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer non-GeForce fully supported devices and Maxwell or newer GeForce devices.
+ * Requires root/admin permissions.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlDeviceGetSupportedMemoryClocks and \ref nvmlDeviceGetSupportedGraphicsClocks
+ * for details on how to list available clocks combinations.
+ *
+ * After system reboot or driver reload applications clocks go back to their default value.
+ * See \ref nvmlDeviceResetApplicationsClocks.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param memClockMHz Requested memory clock in MHz
+ * @param graphicsClockMHz Requested graphics clock in MHz
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if new settings were successfully set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a memClockMHz and \a graphicsClockMHz
+ * is not a valid clock combination
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION if the user doesn't have permission to perform this operation
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device doesn't support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceSetApplicationsClocks(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int memClockMHz, unsigned int graphicsClockMHz);
+
+/**
+ * Set new power limit of this device.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ * Requires root/admin permissions.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlDeviceGetPowerManagementLimitConstraints to check the allowed ranges of values.
+ *
+ * \note Limit is not persistent across reboots or driver unloads.
+ * Enable persistent mode to prevent driver from unloading when no application is using the device.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param limit Power management limit in milliwatts to set
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a limit has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a defaultLimit is out of range
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetPowerManagementLimitConstraints
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetPowerManagementDefaultLimit
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceSetPowerManagementLimit(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int limit);
+
+/**
+ * Sets new GOM. See \a nvmlGpuOperationMode_t for details.
+ *
+ * For GK110 M-class and X-class Tesla &tm; products from the Kepler family.
+ * Modes \ref NVML_GOM_LOW_DP and \ref NVML_GOM_ALL_ON are supported on fully supported GeForce products.
+ * Not supported on Quadro &reg; and Tesla &tm; C-class products.
+ * Requires root/admin permissions.
+ *
+ * Changing GOMs requires a reboot.
+ * The reboot requirement might be removed in the future.
+ *
+ * Compute only GOMs don't support graphics acceleration. Under windows switching to these GOMs when
+ * pending driver model is WDDM is not supported. See \ref nvmlDeviceSetDriverModel.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param mode Target GOM
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a mode has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a mode incorrect
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support GOM or specific mode
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION if the user doesn't have permission to perform this operation
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlGpuOperationMode_t
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetGpuOperationMode
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceSetGpuOperationMode(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlGpuOperationMode_t mode);
+
+/**
+ * Changes the root/admin restructions on certain APIs. See \a nvmlRestrictedAPI_t for the list of supported APIs.
+ * This method can be used by a root/admin user to give non-root/admin access to certain otherwise-restricted APIs.
+ * The new setting lasts for the lifetime of the NVIDIA driver; it is not persistent. See \a nvmlDeviceGetAPIRestriction
+ * to query the current restriction settings.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ * Requires root/admin permissions.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param apiType Target API type for this operation
+ * @param isRestricted The target restriction
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a isRestricted has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device is invalid or \a apiType incorrect
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device does not support changing API restrictions or the device does not support
+ * the feature that api restrictions are being set for (E.G. Enabling/disabling auto
+ * boosted clocks is not supported by the device)
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION if the user doesn't have permission to perform this operation
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlRestrictedAPI_t
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceSetAPIRestriction(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlRestrictedAPI_t apiType, nvmlEnableState_t isRestricted);
+
+/**
+ * @}
+ */
+
+/** @addtogroup nvmlAccountingStats
+ * @{
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Enables or disables per process accounting.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ * Requires root/admin permissions.
+ *
+ * @note This setting is not persistent and will default to disabled after driver unloads.
+ * Enable persistence mode to be sure the setting doesn't switch off to disabled.
+ *
+ * @note Enabling accounting mode has no negative impact on the GPU performance.
+ *
+ * @note Disabling accounting clears all accounting pids information.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlDeviceGetAccountingMode
+ * See \ref nvmlDeviceGetAccountingStats
+ * See \ref nvmlDeviceClearAccountingPids
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param mode The target accounting mode
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if the new mode has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device or \a mode are invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device doesn't support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION if the user doesn't have permission to perform this operation
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceSetAccountingMode(nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlEnableState_t mode);
+
+/**
+ * Clears accounting information about all processes that have already terminated.
+ *
+ * For Kepler &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ * Requires root/admin permissions.
+ *
+ * See \ref nvmlDeviceGetAccountingMode
+ * See \ref nvmlDeviceGetAccountingStats
+ * See \ref nvmlDeviceSetAccountingMode
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if accounting information has been cleared
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device are invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device doesn't support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION if the user doesn't have permission to perform this operation
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceClearAccountingPids(nvmlDevice_t device);
+
+/** @} */
+
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+/** @defgroup NvLink NvLink Methods
+ * This chapter describes methods that NVML can perform on NVLINK enabled devices.
+ * @{
+ */
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the state of the device's NvLink for the link specified
+ *
+ * For newer than Maxwell &tm; fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param link Specifies the NvLink link to be queried
+ * @param isActive \a nvmlEnableState_t where NVML_FEATURE_ENABLED indicates that
+ * the link is active and NVML_FEATURE_DISABLED indicates it
+ * is inactive
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a isActive has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device or \a link is invalid or \a isActive is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device doesn't support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetNvLinkState(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int link, nvmlEnableState_t *isActive);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the version of the device's NvLink for the link specified
+ *
+ * For newer than Maxwell &tm; fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param link Specifies the NvLink link to be queried
+ * @param version Requested NvLink version
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a version has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device or \a link is invalid or \a version is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device doesn't support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetNvLinkVersion(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int link, unsigned int *version);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the requested capability from the device's NvLink for the link specified
+ * Please refer to the \a nvmlNvLinkCapability_t structure for the specific caps that can be queried
+ * The return value should be treated as a boolean.
+ *
+ * For newer than Maxwell &tm; fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param link Specifies the NvLink link to be queried
+ * @param capability Specifies the \a nvmlNvLinkCapability_t to be queried
+ * @param capResult A boolean for the queried capability indicating that feature is available
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a capResult has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device, \a link, or \a capability is invalid or \a capResult is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device doesn't support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetNvLinkCapability(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int link,
+ nvmlNvLinkCapability_t capability, unsigned int *capResult);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the PCI information for the remote node on a NvLink link
+ * Note: pciSubSystemId is not filled in this function and is indeterminate
+ *
+ * For newer than Maxwell &tm; fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param link Specifies the NvLink link to be queried
+ * @param pci \a nvmlPciInfo_t of the remote node for the specified link
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a pci has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device or \a link is invalid or \a pci is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device doesn't support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetNvLinkRemotePciInfo(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int link, nvmlPciInfo_t *pci);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the specified error counter value
+ * Please refer to \a nvmlNvLinkErrorCounter_t for error counters that are available
+ *
+ * For newer than Maxwell &tm; fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param link Specifies the NvLink link to be queried
+ * @param counter Specifies the NvLink counter to be queried
+ * @param counterValue Returned counter value
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a counter has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device, \a link, or \a counter is invalid or \a counterValue is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device doesn't support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetNvLinkErrorCounter(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int link,
+ nvmlNvLinkErrorCounter_t counter, unsigned long long *counterValue);
+
+/**
+ * Resets all error counters to zero
+ * Please refer to \a nvmlNvLinkErrorCounter_t for the list of error counters that are reset
+ *
+ * For newer than Maxwell &tm; fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param link Specifies the NvLink link to be queried
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if the reset is successful
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device or \a link is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device doesn't support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceResetNvLinkErrorCounters(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int link);
+
+/**
+ * Set the NVLINK utilization counter control information for the specified counter, 0 or 1.
+ * Please refer to \a nvmlNvLinkUtilizationControl_t for the structure definition. Performs a reset
+ * of the counters if the reset parameter is non-zero.
+ *
+ * For newer than Maxwell &tm; fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param counter Specifies the counter that should be set (0 or 1).
+ * @param link Specifies the NvLink link to be queried
+ * @param control A reference to the \a nvmlNvLinkUtilizationControl_t to set
+ * @param reset Resets the counters on set if non-zero
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if the control has been set successfully
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device, \a counter, \a link, or \a control is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device doesn't support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceSetNvLinkUtilizationControl(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int link, unsigned int counter,
+ nvmlNvLinkUtilizationControl_t *control, unsigned int reset);
+
+/**
+ * Get the NVLINK utilization counter control information for the specified counter, 0 or 1.
+ * Please refer to \a nvmlNvLinkUtilizationControl_t for the structure definition
+ *
+ * For newer than Maxwell &tm; fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param counter Specifies the counter that should be set (0 or 1).
+ * @param link Specifies the NvLink link to be queried
+ * @param control A reference to the \a nvmlNvLinkUtilizationControl_t to place information
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if the control has been set successfully
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device, \a counter, \a link, or \a control is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device doesn't support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetNvLinkUtilizationControl(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int link, unsigned int counter,
+ nvmlNvLinkUtilizationControl_t *control);
+
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve the NVLINK utilization counter based on the current control for a specified counter.
+ * In general it is good practice to use \a nvmlDeviceSetNvLinkUtilizationControl
+ * before reading the utilization counters as they have no default state
+ *
+ * For newer than Maxwell &tm; fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param link Specifies the NvLink link to be queried
+ * @param counter Specifies the counter that should be read (0 or 1).
+ * @param rxcounter Receive counter return value
+ * @param txcounter Transmit counter return value
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if \a rxcounter and \a txcounter have been successfully set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device, \a counter, or \a link is invalid or \a rxcounter or \a txcounter are NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device doesn't support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetNvLinkUtilizationCounter(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int link, unsigned int counter,
+ unsigned long long *rxcounter, unsigned long long *txcounter);
+
+/**
+ * Freeze the NVLINK utilization counters
+ * Both the receive and transmit counters are operated on by this function
+ *
+ * For newer than Maxwell &tm; fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param link Specifies the NvLink link to be queried
+ * @param counter Specifies the counter that should be frozen (0 or 1).
+ * @param freeze NVML_FEATURE_ENABLED = freeze the receive and transmit counters
+ * NVML_FEATURE_DISABLED = unfreeze the receive and transmit counters
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if counters were successfully frozen or unfrozen
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device, \a link, \a counter, or \a freeze is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device doesn't support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceFreezeNvLinkUtilizationCounter (nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int link,
+ unsigned int counter, nvmlEnableState_t freeze);
+
+/**
+ * Reset the NVLINK utilization counters
+ * Both the receive and transmit counters are operated on by this function
+ *
+ * For newer than Maxwell &tm; fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param link Specifies the NvLink link to be reset
+ * @param counter Specifies the counter that should be reset (0 or 1)
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if counters were successfully reset
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a device, \a link, or \a counter is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device doesn't support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceResetNvLinkUtilizationCounter (nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned int link, unsigned int counter);
+
+/** @} */
+
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+/** @defgroup nvmlEvents Event Handling Methods
+ * This chapter describes methods that NVML can perform against each device to register and wait for
+ * some event to occur.
+ * @{
+ */
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Create an empty set of events.
+ * Event set should be freed by \ref nvmlEventSetFree
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ * @param set Reference in which to return the event handle
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if the event has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a set is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlEventSetFree
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlEventSetCreate(nvmlEventSet_t *set);
+
+/**
+ * Starts recording of events on a specified devices and add the events to specified \ref nvmlEventSet_t
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ * Ecc events are available only on ECC enabled devices (see \ref nvmlDeviceGetTotalEccErrors)
+ * Power capping events are available only on Power Management enabled devices (see \ref nvmlDeviceGetPowerManagementMode)
+ *
+ * For Linux only.
+ *
+ * \b IMPORTANT: Operations on \a set are not thread safe
+ *
+ * This call starts recording of events on specific device.
+ * All events that occurred before this call are not recorded.
+ * Checking if some event occurred can be done with \ref nvmlEventSetWait
+ *
+ * If function reports NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN, event set is in undefined state and should be freed.
+ * If function reports NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED, event set can still be used. None of the requested eventTypes
+ * are registered in that case.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param eventTypes Bitmask of \ref nvmlEventType to record
+ * @param set Set to which add new event types
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if the event has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a eventTypes is invalid or \a set is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the platform does not support this feature or some of requested event types
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlEventType
+ * @see nvmlDeviceGetSupportedEventTypes
+ * @see nvmlEventSetWait
+ * @see nvmlEventSetFree
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceRegisterEvents(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned long long eventTypes, nvmlEventSet_t set);
+
+/**
+ * Returns information about events supported on device
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * Events are not supported on Windows. So this function returns an empty mask in \a eventTypes on Windows.
+ *
+ * @param device The identifier of the target device
+ * @param eventTypes Reference in which to return bitmask of supported events
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if the eventTypes has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a eventType is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if the target GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlEventType
+ * @see nvmlDeviceRegisterEvents
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceGetSupportedEventTypes(nvmlDevice_t device, unsigned long long *eventTypes);
+
+/**
+ * Waits on events and delivers events
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * If some events are ready to be delivered at the time of the call, function returns immediately.
+ * If there are no events ready to be delivered, function sleeps till event arrives
+ * but not longer than specified timeout. This function in certain conditions can return before
+ * specified timeout passes (e.g. when interrupt arrives)
+ *
+ * In case of xid error, the function returns the most recent xid error type seen by the system. If there are multiple
+ * xid errors generated before nvmlEventSetWait is invoked then the last seen xid error type is returned for all
+ * xid error events.
+ *
+ * @param set Reference to set of events to wait on
+ * @param data Reference in which to return event data
+ * @param timeoutms Maximum amount of wait time in milliseconds for registered event
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if the data has been set
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a data is NULL
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_TIMEOUT if no event arrived in specified timeout or interrupt arrived
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_GPU_IS_LOST if a GPU has fallen off the bus or is otherwise inaccessible
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlEventType
+ * @see nvmlDeviceRegisterEvents
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlEventSetWait(nvmlEventSet_t set, nvmlEventData_t * data, unsigned int timeoutms);
+
+/**
+ * Releases events in the set
+ *
+ * For Fermi &tm; or newer fully supported devices.
+ *
+ * @param set Reference to events to be released
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if the event has been successfully released
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ *
+ * @see nvmlDeviceRegisterEvents
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlEventSetFree(nvmlEventSet_t set);
+
+/** @} */
+
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+/** @defgroup nvmlZPI Drain states
+ * This chapter describes methods that NVML can perform against each device to control their drain state
+ * and recognition by NVML and NVIDIA kernel driver. These methods can be used with out-of-band tools to
+ * power on/off GPUs, enable robust reset scenarios, etc.
+ * @{
+ */
+/***************************************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Modify the drain state of a GPU. This method forces a GPU to no longer accept new incoming requests.
+ * Any new NVML process will no longer see this GPU. Persistence mode for this GPU must be turned off before
+ * this call is made.
+ * Must be called as administrator.
+ * For Linux only.
+ *
+ * For newer than Maxwell &tm; fully supported devices.
+ * Some Kepler devices supported.
+ *
+ * @param pciInfo The PCI address of the GPU drain state to be modified
+ * @param newState The drain state that should be entered, see \ref nvmlEnableState_t
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if counters were successfully reset
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a nvmlIndex or \a newState is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device doesn't support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION if the calling process has insufficient permissions to perform operation
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_IN_USE if the device has persistence mode turned on
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceModifyDrainState (nvmlPciInfo_t *pciInfo, nvmlEnableState_t newState);
+
+/**
+ * Query the drain state of a GPU. This method is used to check if a GPU is in a currently draining
+ * state.
+ * For Linux only.
+ *
+ * For newer than Maxwell &tm; fully supported devices.
+ * Some Kepler devices supported.
+ *
+ * @param pciInfo The PCI address of the GPU drain state to be queried
+ * @param currentState The current drain state for this GPU, see \ref nvmlEnableState_t
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if counters were successfully reset
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a nvmlIndex or \a currentState is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device doesn't support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceQueryDrainState (nvmlPciInfo_t *pciInfo, nvmlEnableState_t *currentState);
+
+/**
+ * This method will remove the specified GPU from the view of both NVML and the NVIDIA kernel driver
+ * as long as no other processes are attached. If other processes are attached, this call will return
+ * NVML_ERROR_IN_USE and the GPU will be returned to its original "draining" state. Note: the
+ * only situation where a process can still be attached after nvmlDeviceModifyDrainState() is called
+ * to initiate the draining state is if that process was using, and is still using, a GPU before the
+ * call was made. Also note, persistence mode counts as an attachment to the GPU thus it must be disabled
+ * prior to this call.
+ *
+ * For long-running NVML processes please note that this will change the enumeration of current GPUs.
+ * For example, if there are four GPUs present and GPU1 is removed, the new enumeration will be 0-2.
+ * Also, device handles after the removed GPU will not be valid and must be re-established.
+ * Must be run as administrator.
+ * For Linux only.
+ *
+ * For newer than Maxwell &tm; fully supported devices.
+ * Some Kepler devices supported.
+ *
+ * @param pciInfo The PCI address of the GPU to be removed
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if counters were successfully reset
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a nvmlIndex is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the device doesn't support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_IN_USE if the device is still in use and cannot be removed
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceRemoveGpu (nvmlPciInfo_t *pciInfo);
+
+/**
+ * Request the OS and the NVIDIA kernel driver to rediscover a portion of the PCI subsystem looking for GPUs that
+ * were previously removed. The portion of the PCI tree can be narrowed by specifying a domain, bus, and device.
+ * If all are zeroes then the entire PCI tree will be searched. Please note that for long-running NVML processes
+ * the enumeration will change based on how many GPUs are discovered and where they are inserted in bus order.
+ *
+ * In addition, all newly discovered GPUs will be initialized and their ECC scrubbed which may take several seconds
+ * per GPU. Also, all device handles are no longer guaranteed to be valid post discovery.
+ *
+ * Must be run as administrator.
+ * For Linux only.
+ *
+ * For newer than Maxwell &tm; fully supported devices.
+ * Some Kepler devices supported.
+ *
+ * @param pciInfo The PCI tree to be searched. Only the domain, bus, and device
+ * fields are used in this call.
+ *
+ * @return
+ * - \ref NVML_SUCCESS if counters were successfully reset
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED if the library has not been successfully initialized
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT if \a pciInfo is invalid
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the operating system does not support this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_OPERATING_SYSTEM if the operating system is denying this feature
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_NO_PERMISSION if the calling process has insufficient permissions to perform operation
+ * - \ref NVML_ERROR_UNKNOWN on any unexpected error
+ */
+nvmlReturn_t DECLDIR nvmlDeviceDiscoverGpus (nvmlPciInfo_t *pciInfo);
+
+/** @} */
+
+/**
+ * NVML API versioning support
+ */
+#if defined(__NVML_API_VERSION_INTERNAL)
+#undef nvmlDeviceGetPciInfo
+#undef nvmlDeviceGetCount
+#undef nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex
+#undef nvmlDeviceGetHandleByPciBusId
+#undef nvmlInit
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif
--
2.17.0