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632 lines
22 KiB
632 lines
22 KiB
7 years ago
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commit 585367266923156ac6fb789939a923641ba5aaf4
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Author: Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
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Date: Wed May 28 14:05:03 2014 +0200
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manual: Update the locale documentation
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commit 4e8f95a0df7c2300b830ec12c0ae1e161bc8a8a3
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Author: Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
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Date: Mon May 12 15:24:12 2014 +0200
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_nl_find_locale: Improve handling of crafted locale names [BZ #17137]
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Prevent directory traversal in locale-related environment variables
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(CVE-2014-0475).
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commit d183645616b0533b3acee28f1a95570bffbdf50f
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Author: Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
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Date: Wed May 28 14:41:52 2014 +0200
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setlocale: Use the heap for the copy of the locale argument
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This avoids alloca calls with potentially large arguments.
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diff -pruN glibc-2.17-c758a686/locale/findlocale.c glibc-2.17-c758a686/locale/findlocale.c
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--- glibc-2.17-c758a686/locale/findlocale.c 2013-08-11 04:22:55.000000000 +0530
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+++ glibc-2.17-c758a686/locale/findlocale.c 2014-08-26 16:14:50.403253778 +0530
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@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
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<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
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#include <assert.h>
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+#include <errno.h>
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#include <locale.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <string.h>
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@@ -57,6 +58,45 @@ struct loaded_l10nfile *_nl_locale_file_
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const char _nl_default_locale_path[] attribute_hidden = LOCALEDIR;
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+/* Checks if the name is actually present, that is, not NULL and not
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+ empty. */
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+static inline int
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+name_present (const char *name)
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+{
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+ return name != NULL && name[0] != '\0';
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+}
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+
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+/* Checks that the locale name neither extremely long, nor contains a
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+ ".." path component (to prevent directory traversal). */
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+static inline int
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+valid_locale_name (const char *name)
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+{
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+ /* Not set. */
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+ size_t namelen = strlen (name);
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+ /* Name too long. The limit is arbitrary and prevents stack overflow
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+ issues later. */
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+ if (__glibc_unlikely (namelen > 255))
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+ return 0;
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+ /* Directory traversal attempt. */
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+ static const char slashdot[4] = {'/', '.', '.', '/'};
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+ if (__glibc_unlikely (memmem (name, namelen,
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+ slashdot, sizeof (slashdot)) != NULL))
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+ return 0;
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+ if (namelen == 2 && __glibc_unlikely (name[0] == '.' && name [1] == '.'))
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+ return 0;
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+ if (namelen >= 3
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+ && __glibc_unlikely (((name[0] == '.'
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+ && name[1] == '.'
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+ && name[2] == '/')
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+ || (name[namelen - 3] == '/'
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+ && name[namelen - 2] == '.'
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+ && name[namelen - 1] == '.'))))
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+ return 0;
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+ /* If there is a slash in the name, it must start with one. */
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+ if (__glibc_unlikely (memchr (name, '/', namelen) != NULL) && name[0] != '/')
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+ return 0;
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+ return 1;
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+}
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struct __locale_data *
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internal_function
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@@ -65,7 +105,7 @@ _nl_find_locale (const char *locale_path
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{
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int mask;
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/* Name of the locale for this category. */
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- char *loc_name;
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+ char *loc_name = (char *) *name;
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const char *language;
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const char *modifier;
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const char *territory;
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@@ -73,31 +113,39 @@ _nl_find_locale (const char *locale_path
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const char *normalized_codeset;
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struct loaded_l10nfile *locale_file;
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- if ((*name)[0] == '\0')
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+ if (loc_name[0] == '\0')
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{
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/* The user decides which locale to use by setting environment
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variables. */
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- *name = getenv ("LC_ALL");
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- if (*name == NULL || (*name)[0] == '\0')
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- *name = getenv (_nl_category_names.str
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+ loc_name = getenv ("LC_ALL");
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+ if (!name_present (loc_name))
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+ loc_name = getenv (_nl_category_names.str
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+ _nl_category_name_idxs[category]);
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- if (*name == NULL || (*name)[0] == '\0')
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- *name = getenv ("LANG");
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+ if (!name_present (loc_name))
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+ loc_name = getenv ("LANG");
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+ if (!name_present (loc_name))
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+ loc_name = (char *) _nl_C_name;
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}
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- if (*name == NULL || (*name)[0] == '\0'
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- || (__builtin_expect (__libc_enable_secure, 0)
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- && strchr (*name, '/') != NULL))
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- *name = (char *) _nl_C_name;
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+ /* We used to fall back to the C locale if the name contains a slash
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+ character '/', but we now check for directory traversal in
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+ valid_locale_name, so this is no longer necessary. */
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- if (__builtin_expect (strcmp (*name, _nl_C_name), 1) == 0
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- || __builtin_expect (strcmp (*name, _nl_POSIX_name), 1) == 0)
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+ if (__builtin_expect (strcmp (loc_name, _nl_C_name), 1) == 0
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+ || __builtin_expect (strcmp (loc_name, _nl_POSIX_name), 1) == 0)
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{
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/* We need not load anything. The needed data is contained in
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the library itself. */
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*name = (char *) _nl_C_name;
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return _nl_C[category];
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}
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+ else if (!valid_locale_name (loc_name))
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+ {
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+ __set_errno (EINVAL);
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+ return NULL;
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+ }
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+
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+ *name = loc_name;
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/* We really have to load some data. First we try the archive,
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but only if there was no LOCPATH environment variable specified. */
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diff -pruN glibc-2.17-c758a686/locale/setlocale.c glibc-2.17-c758a686/locale/setlocale.c
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--- glibc-2.17-c758a686/locale/setlocale.c 2013-08-11 04:22:55.000000000 +0530
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+++ glibc-2.17-c758a686/locale/setlocale.c 2014-08-26 16:14:50.401253764 +0530
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@@ -272,6 +272,8 @@ setlocale (int category, const char *loc
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of entries of the form `CATEGORY=VALUE'. */
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const char *newnames[__LC_LAST];
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struct __locale_data *newdata[__LC_LAST];
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+ /* Copy of the locale argument, for in-place splitting. */
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+ char *locale_copy = NULL;
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/* Set all name pointers to the argument name. */
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for (category = 0; category < __LC_LAST; ++category)
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@@ -281,7 +283,13 @@ setlocale (int category, const char *loc
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if (__builtin_expect (strchr (locale, ';') != NULL, 0))
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{
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/* This is a composite name. Make a copy and split it up. */
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- char *np = strdupa (locale);
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+ locale_copy = strdup (locale);
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+ if (__glibc_unlikely (locale_copy == NULL))
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+ {
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+ __libc_rwlock_unlock (__libc_setlocale_lock);
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+ return NULL;
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+ }
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+ char *np = locale_copy;
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char *cp;
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int cnt;
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@@ -299,6 +307,7 @@ setlocale (int category, const char *loc
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{
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error_return:
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__libc_rwlock_unlock (__libc_setlocale_lock);
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+ free (locale_copy);
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/* Bogus category name. */
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ERROR_RETURN;
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@@ -391,8 +400,9 @@ setlocale (int category, const char *loc
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/* Critical section left. */
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__libc_rwlock_unlock (__libc_setlocale_lock);
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- /* Free the resources (the locale path variable). */
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+ /* Free the resources. */
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free (locale_path);
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+ free (locale_copy);
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return composite;
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}
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diff -pruN glibc-2.17-c758a686/localedata/Makefile glibc-2.17-c758a686/localedata/Makefile
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--- glibc-2.17-c758a686/localedata/Makefile 2014-08-26 16:15:22.656474571 +0530
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+++ glibc-2.17-c758a686/localedata/Makefile 2014-08-26 16:14:50.403253778 +0530
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@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ locale_test_suite := tst_iswalnum tst_is
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tests = $(locale_test_suite) tst-digits tst-setlocale bug-iconv-trans \
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tst-leaks tst-mbswcs6 tst-xlocale1 tst-xlocale2 bug-usesetlocale \
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- tst-strfmon1 tst-sscanf bug-setlocale1 tst-setlocale2
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+ tst-strfmon1 tst-sscanf bug-setlocale1 tst-setlocale2 tst-setlocale3
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ifeq (yes,$(build-shared))
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ifneq (no,$(PERL))
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tests: $(objpfx)mtrace-tst-leaks
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diff -pruN glibc-2.17-c758a686/localedata/tst-setlocale3.c glibc-2.17-c758a686/localedata/tst-setlocale3.c
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--- glibc-2.17-c758a686/localedata/tst-setlocale3.c 1970-01-01 05:30:00.000000000 +0530
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+++ glibc-2.17-c758a686/localedata/tst-setlocale3.c 2014-08-26 16:14:50.403253778 +0530
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@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
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+/* Regression test for setlocale invalid environment variable handling.
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+ Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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+ This file is part of the GNU C Library.
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+
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+ The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
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+ modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
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+ License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
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+ version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
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+
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+ The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
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+
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+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
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+ License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
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+ <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
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+
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+#include <locale.h>
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+#include <stdio.h>
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+#include <stdlib.h>
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+#include <string.h>
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+
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+/* The result of setlocale may be overwritten by subsequent calls, so
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+ this wrapper makes a copy. */
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+static char *
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+setlocale_copy (int category, const char *locale)
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+{
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+ const char *result = setlocale (category, locale);
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+ if (result == NULL)
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+ return NULL;
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+ return strdup (result);
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+}
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+
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+static char *de_locale;
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+
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+static void
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+setlocale_fail (const char *envstring)
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+{
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+ setenv ("LC_CTYPE", envstring, 1);
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+ if (setlocale (LC_CTYPE, "") != NULL)
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+ {
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+ printf ("unexpected setlocale success for \"%s\" locale\n", envstring);
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+ exit (1);
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+ }
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+ const char *newloc = setlocale (LC_CTYPE, NULL);
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+ if (strcmp (newloc, de_locale) != 0)
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+ {
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+ printf ("failed setlocale call \"%s\" changed locale to \"%s\"\n",
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+ envstring, newloc);
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+ exit (1);
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+ }
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+}
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+
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+static void
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+setlocale_success (const char *envstring)
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+{
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+ setenv ("LC_CTYPE", envstring, 1);
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+ char *newloc = setlocale_copy (LC_CTYPE, "");
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+ if (newloc == NULL)
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+ {
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+ printf ("setlocale for \"%s\": %m\n", envstring);
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+ exit (1);
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+ }
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+ if (strcmp (newloc, de_locale) == 0)
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+ {
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+ printf ("setlocale with LC_CTYPE=\"%s\" left locale at \"%s\"\n",
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+ envstring, de_locale);
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+ exit (1);
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+ }
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+ if (setlocale (LC_CTYPE, de_locale) == NULL)
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+ {
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+ printf ("restoring locale \"%s\" with LC_CTYPE=\"%s\": %m\n",
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+ de_locale, envstring);
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+ exit (1);
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+ }
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+ char *newloc2 = setlocale_copy (LC_CTYPE, newloc);
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+ if (newloc2 == NULL)
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+ {
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+ printf ("restoring locale \"%s\" following \"%s\": %m\n",
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+ newloc, envstring);
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+ exit (1);
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+ }
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+ if (strcmp (newloc, newloc2) != 0)
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+ {
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+ printf ("representation of locale \"%s\" changed from \"%s\" to \"%s\"",
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+ envstring, newloc, newloc2);
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+ exit (1);
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+ }
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+ free (newloc);
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+ free (newloc2);
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+
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+ if (setlocale (LC_CTYPE, de_locale) == NULL)
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+ {
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+ printf ("restoring locale \"%s\" with LC_CTYPE=\"%s\": %m\n",
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+ de_locale, envstring);
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+ exit (1);
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+ }
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+}
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+
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+/* Checks that a known-good locale still works if LC_ALL contains a
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+ value which should be ignored. */
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+static void
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+setlocale_ignore (const char *to_ignore)
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+{
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+ const char *fr_locale = "fr_FR.UTF-8";
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+ setenv ("LC_CTYPE", fr_locale, 1);
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+ char *expected_locale = setlocale_copy (LC_CTYPE, "");
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+ if (expected_locale == NULL)
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+ {
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+ printf ("setlocale with LC_CTYPE=\"%s\" failed: %m\n", fr_locale);
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+ exit (1);
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+ }
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+ if (setlocale (LC_CTYPE, de_locale) == NULL)
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+ {
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+ printf ("failed to restore locale: %m\n");
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+ exit (1);
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+ }
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+ unsetenv ("LC_CTYPE");
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+
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+ setenv ("LC_ALL", to_ignore, 1);
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+ setenv ("LC_CTYPE", fr_locale, 1);
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+ const char *actual_locale = setlocale (LC_CTYPE, "");
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+ if (actual_locale == NULL)
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+ {
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+ printf ("setlocale with LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE=\"%s\" failed: %m\n",
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+ fr_locale);
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+ exit (1);
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+ }
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+ if (strcmp (actual_locale, expected_locale) != 0)
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+ {
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+ printf ("setlocale under LC_ALL failed: got \"%s\", expected \"%s\"\n",
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+ actual_locale, expected_locale);
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+ exit (1);
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+ }
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+ unsetenv ("LC_CTYPE");
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+ setlocale_success (fr_locale);
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+ unsetenv ("LC_ALL");
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+ free (expected_locale);
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+}
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+
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+static int
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+do_test (void)
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+{
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+ /* The glibc test harness sets this environment variable
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+ uncondionally. */
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+ unsetenv ("LC_ALL");
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+
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+ de_locale = setlocale_copy (LC_CTYPE, "de_DE.UTF-8");
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+ if (de_locale == NULL)
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+ {
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+ printf ("setlocale (LC_CTYPE, \"de_DE.UTF-8\"): %m\n");
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+ return 1;
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+ }
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+ setlocale_success ("C");
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+ setlocale_success ("en_US.UTF-8");
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+ setlocale_success ("/en_US.UTF-8");
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+ setlocale_success ("//en_US.UTF-8");
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+ setlocale_ignore ("");
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+
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+ setlocale_fail ("does-not-exist");
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+ setlocale_fail ("/");
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+ setlocale_fail ("/../localedata/en_US.UTF-8");
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+ setlocale_fail ("en_US.UTF-8/");
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+ setlocale_fail ("en_US.UTF-8/..");
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+ setlocale_fail ("en_US.UTF-8/../en_US.UTF-8");
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+ setlocale_fail ("../localedata/en_US.UTF-8");
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+ {
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+ size_t large_length = 1024;
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+ char *large_name = malloc (large_length + 1);
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+ if (large_name == NULL)
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+ {
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+ puts ("malloc failure");
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+ return 1;
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+ }
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+ memset (large_name, '/', large_length);
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||
|
+ const char *suffix = "en_US.UTF-8";
|
||
|
+ strcpy (large_name + large_length - strlen (suffix), suffix);
|
||
|
+ setlocale_fail (large_name);
|
||
|
+ free (large_name);
|
||
|
+ }
|
||
|
+ {
|
||
|
+ size_t huge_length = 64 * 1024 * 1024;
|
||
|
+ char *huge_name = malloc (huge_length + 1);
|
||
|
+ if (huge_name == NULL)
|
||
|
+ {
|
||
|
+ puts ("malloc failure");
|
||
|
+ return 1;
|
||
|
+ }
|
||
|
+ memset (huge_name, 'X', huge_length);
|
||
|
+ huge_name[huge_length] = '\0';
|
||
|
+ /* Construct a composite locale specification. */
|
||
|
+ const char *prefix = "LC_CTYPE=de_DE.UTF-8;LC_TIME=";
|
||
|
+ memcpy (huge_name, prefix, strlen (prefix));
|
||
|
+ setlocale_fail (huge_name);
|
||
|
+ free (huge_name);
|
||
|
+ }
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+ return 0;
|
||
|
+}
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+#define TEST_FUNCTION do_test ()
|
||
|
+#include "../test-skeleton.c"
|
||
|
diff -pruN glibc-2.17-c758a686/manual/locale.texi glibc-2.17-c758a686/manual/locale.texi
|
||
|
--- glibc-2.17-c758a686/manual/locale.texi 2013-08-11 04:22:55.000000000 +0530
|
||
|
+++ glibc-2.17-c758a686/manual/locale.texi 2014-08-26 16:14:50.404253785 +0530
|
||
|
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ will follow the conventions preferred by
|
||
|
* Setting the Locale:: How a program specifies the locale
|
||
|
with library functions.
|
||
|
* Standard Locales:: Locale names available on all systems.
|
||
|
+* Locale Names:: Format of system-specific locale names.
|
||
|
* Locale Information:: How to access the information for the locale.
|
||
|
* Formatting Numbers:: A dedicated function to format numbers.
|
||
|
* Yes-or-No Questions:: Check a Response against the locale.
|
||
|
@@ -99,14 +100,16 @@ locale named @samp{espana-castellano} to
|
||
|
most of Spain.
|
||
|
|
||
|
The set of locales supported depends on the operating system you are
|
||
|
-using, and so do their names. We can't make any promises about what
|
||
|
-locales will exist, except for one standard locale called @samp{C} or
|
||
|
-@samp{POSIX}. Later we will describe how to construct locales.
|
||
|
-@comment (@pxref{Building Locale Files}).
|
||
|
+using, and so do their names, except that the standard locale called
|
||
|
+@samp{C} or @samp{POSIX} always exist. @xref{Locale Names}.
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+In order to force the system to always use the default locale, the
|
||
|
+user can set the @code{LC_ALL} environment variable to @samp{C}.
|
||
|
|
||
|
@cindex combining locales
|
||
|
-A user also has the option of specifying different locales for different
|
||
|
-purposes---in effect, choosing a mixture of multiple locales.
|
||
|
+A user also has the option of specifying different locales for
|
||
|
+different purposes---in effect, choosing a mixture of multiple
|
||
|
+locales. @xref{Locale Categories}.
|
||
|
|
||
|
For example, the user might specify the locale @samp{espana-castellano}
|
||
|
for most purposes, but specify the locale @samp{usa-english} for
|
||
|
@@ -120,7 +123,7 @@ which locales apply. However, the user
|
||
|
for a particular subset of those purposes.
|
||
|
|
||
|
@node Locale Categories, Setting the Locale, Choosing Locale, Locales
|
||
|
-@section Categories of Activities that Locales Affect
|
||
|
+@section Locale Categories
|
||
|
@cindex categories for locales
|
||
|
@cindex locale categories
|
||
|
|
||
|
@@ -128,7 +131,11 @@ The purposes that locales serve are grou
|
||
|
that a user or a program can choose the locale for each category
|
||
|
independently. Here is a table of categories; each name is both an
|
||
|
environment variable that a user can set, and a macro name that you can
|
||
|
-use as an argument to @code{setlocale}.
|
||
|
+use as the first argument to @code{setlocale}.
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+The contents of the environment variable (or the string in the second
|
||
|
+argument to @code{setlocale}) has to be a valid locale name.
|
||
|
+@xref{Locale Names}.
|
||
|
|
||
|
@vtable @code
|
||
|
@comment locale.h
|
||
|
@@ -172,7 +179,7 @@ for affirmative and negative responses.
|
||
|
@comment locale.h
|
||
|
@comment ISO
|
||
|
@item LC_ALL
|
||
|
-This is not an environment variable; it is only a macro that you can use
|
||
|
+This is not a category; it is only a macro that you can use
|
||
|
with @code{setlocale} to set a single locale for all purposes. Setting
|
||
|
this environment variable overwrites all selections by the other
|
||
|
@code{LC_*} variables or @code{LANG}.
|
||
|
@@ -225,13 +232,7 @@ The symbols in this section are defined
|
||
|
@comment ISO
|
||
|
@deftypefun {char *} setlocale (int @var{category}, const char *@var{locale})
|
||
|
The function @code{setlocale} sets the current locale for category
|
||
|
-@var{category} to @var{locale}. A list of all the locales the system
|
||
|
-provides can be created by running
|
||
|
-
|
||
|
-@pindex locale
|
||
|
-@smallexample
|
||
|
- locale -a
|
||
|
-@end smallexample
|
||
|
+@var{category} to @var{locale}.
|
||
|
|
||
|
If @var{category} is @code{LC_ALL}, this specifies the locale for all
|
||
|
purposes. The other possible values of @var{category} specify an
|
||
|
@@ -256,10 +257,9 @@ is passed in as @var{locale} parameter.
|
||
|
|
||
|
When you read the current locale for category @code{LC_ALL}, the value
|
||
|
encodes the entire combination of selected locales for all categories.
|
||
|
-In this case, the value is not just a single locale name. In fact, we
|
||
|
-don't make any promises about what it looks like. But if you specify
|
||
|
-the same ``locale name'' with @code{LC_ALL} in a subsequent call to
|
||
|
-@code{setlocale}, it restores the same combination of locale selections.
|
||
|
+If you specify the same ``locale name'' with @code{LC_ALL} in a
|
||
|
+subsequent call to @code{setlocale}, it restores the same combination
|
||
|
+of locale selections.
|
||
|
|
||
|
To be sure you can use the returned string encoding the currently selected
|
||
|
locale at a later time, you must make a copy of the string. It is not
|
||
|
@@ -275,20 +275,15 @@ for @var{category}.
|
||
|
If a nonempty string is given for @var{locale}, then the locale of that
|
||
|
name is used if possible.
|
||
|
|
||
|
+The effective locale name (either the second argument to
|
||
|
+@code{setlocale}, or if the argument is an empty string, the name
|
||
|
+obtained from the process environment) must be valid locale name.
|
||
|
+@xref{Locale Names}.
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
If you specify an invalid locale name, @code{setlocale} returns a null
|
||
|
pointer and leaves the current locale unchanged.
|
||
|
@end deftypefun
|
||
|
|
||
|
-The path used for finding locale data can be set using the
|
||
|
-@code{LOCPATH} environment variable. The default path for finding
|
||
|
-locale data is system specific. It is computed from the value given
|
||
|
-as the prefix while configuring the C library. This value normally is
|
||
|
-@file{/usr} or @file{/}. For the former the complete path is:
|
||
|
-
|
||
|
-@smallexample
|
||
|
-/usr/lib/locale
|
||
|
-@end smallexample
|
||
|
-
|
||
|
Here is an example showing how you might use @code{setlocale} to
|
||
|
temporarily switch to a new locale.
|
||
|
|
||
|
@@ -328,7 +323,7 @@ locale categories, and future versions o
|
||
|
portability, assume that any symbol beginning with @samp{LC_} might be
|
||
|
defined in @file{locale.h}.
|
||
|
|
||
|
-@node Standard Locales, Locale Information, Setting the Locale, Locales
|
||
|
+@node Standard Locales, Locale Names, Setting the Locale, Locales
|
||
|
@section Standard Locales
|
||
|
|
||
|
The only locale names you can count on finding on all operating systems
|
||
|
@@ -362,7 +357,94 @@ with the environment, rather than trying
|
||
|
locale explicitly by name. Remember, different machines might have
|
||
|
different sets of locales installed.
|
||
|
|
||
|
-@node Locale Information, Formatting Numbers, Standard Locales, Locales
|
||
|
+@node Locale Names, Locale Information, Standard Locales, Locales
|
||
|
+@section Locale Names
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+The following command prints a list of locales supported by the
|
||
|
+system:
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+@pindex locale
|
||
|
+@smallexample
|
||
|
+ locale -a
|
||
|
+@end smallexample
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+@strong{Portability Note:} With the notable exception of the standard
|
||
|
+locale names @samp{C} and @samp{POSIX}, locale names are
|
||
|
+system-specific.
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+Most locale names follow XPG syntax and consist of up to four parts:
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+@smallexample
|
||
|
+@var{language}[_@var{territory}[.@var{codeset}]][@@@var{modifier}]
|
||
|
+@end smallexample
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+Beside the first part, all of them are allowed to be missing. If the
|
||
|
+full specified locale is not found, less specific ones are looked for.
|
||
|
+The various parts will be stripped off, in the following order:
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+@enumerate
|
||
|
+@item
|
||
|
+codeset
|
||
|
+@item
|
||
|
+normalized codeset
|
||
|
+@item
|
||
|
+territory
|
||
|
+@item
|
||
|
+modifier
|
||
|
+@end enumerate
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+For example, the locale name @samp{de_AT.iso885915@@euro} denotes a
|
||
|
+German-language locale for use in Austria, using the ISO-8859-15
|
||
|
+(Latin-9) character set, and with the Euro as the currency symbol.
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+In addition to locale names which follow XPG syntax, systems may
|
||
|
+provide aliases such as @samp{german}. Both categories of names must
|
||
|
+not contain the slash character @samp{/}.
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+If the locale name starts with a slash @samp{/}, it is treated as a
|
||
|
+path relative to the configured locale directories; see @code{LOCPATH}
|
||
|
+below. The specified path must not contain a component @samp{..}, or
|
||
|
+the name is invalid, and @code{setlocale} will fail.
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+@strong{Portability Note:} POSIX suggests that if a locale name starts
|
||
|
+with a slash @samp{/}, it is resolved as an absolute path. However,
|
||
|
+@theglibc{} treats it as a relative path under the directories listed
|
||
|
+in @code{LOCPATH} (or the default locale directory if @code{LOCPATH}
|
||
|
+is unset).
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+Locale names which are longer than an implementation-defined limit are
|
||
|
+invalid and cause @code{setlocale} to fail.
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+As a special case, locale names used with @code{LC_ALL} can combine
|
||
|
+several locales, reflecting different locale settings for different
|
||
|
+categories. For example, you might want to use a U.S. locale with ISO
|
||
|
+A4 paper format, so you set @code{LANG} to @samp{en_US.UTF-8}, and
|
||
|
+@code{LC_PAPER} to @samp{de_DE.UTF-8}. In this case, the
|
||
|
+@code{LC_ALL}-style combined locale name is
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+@smallexample
|
||
|
+LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8;LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8;LC_PAPER=de_DE.UTF-8;@dots{}
|
||
|
+@end smallexample
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+followed by other category settings not shown here.
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+@vindex LOCPATH
|
||
|
+The path used for finding locale data can be set using the
|
||
|
+@code{LOCPATH} environment variable. This variable lists the
|
||
|
+directories in which to search for locale definitions, separated by a
|
||
|
+colon @samp{:}.
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+The default path for finding locale data is system specific. A typical
|
||
|
+value for the @code{LOCPATH} default is:
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+@smallexample
|
||
|
+/usr/share/locale
|
||
|
+@end smallexample
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+The value of @code{LOCPATH} is ignored by privileged programs for
|
||
|
+security reasons, and only the default directory is used.
|
||
|
+
|
||
|
+@node Locale Information, Formatting Numbers, Locale Names, Locales
|
||
|
@section Accessing Locale Information
|
||
|
|
||
|
There are several ways to access locale information. The simplest
|