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506 lines
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506 lines
20 KiB
git-worktree(1) |
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=============== |
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NAME |
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---- |
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git-worktree - Manage multiple working trees |
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SYNOPSIS |
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-------- |
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[verse] |
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'git worktree add' [-f] [--detach] [--checkout] [--lock [--reason <string>]] |
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[-b <new-branch>] <path> [<commit-ish>] |
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'git worktree list' [-v | --porcelain [-z]] |
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'git worktree lock' [--reason <string>] <worktree> |
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'git worktree move' <worktree> <new-path> |
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'git worktree prune' [-n] [-v] [--expire <expire>] |
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'git worktree remove' [-f] <worktree> |
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'git worktree repair' [<path>...] |
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'git worktree unlock' <worktree> |
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DESCRIPTION |
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----------- |
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Manage multiple working trees attached to the same repository. |
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A git repository can support multiple working trees, allowing you to check |
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out more than one branch at a time. With `git worktree add` a new working |
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tree is associated with the repository, along with additional metadata |
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that differentiates that working tree from others in the same repository. |
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The working tree, along with this metadata, is called a "worktree". |
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This new worktree is called a "linked worktree" as opposed to the "main |
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worktree" prepared by linkgit:git-init[1] or linkgit:git-clone[1]. |
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A repository has one main worktree (if it's not a bare repository) and |
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zero or more linked worktrees. When you are done with a linked worktree, |
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remove it with `git worktree remove`. |
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In its simplest form, `git worktree add <path>` automatically creates a |
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new branch whose name is the final component of `<path>`, which is |
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convenient if you plan to work on a new topic. For instance, `git |
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worktree add ../hotfix` creates new branch `hotfix` and checks it out at |
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path `../hotfix`. To instead work on an existing branch in a new worktree, |
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use `git worktree add <path> <branch>`. On the other hand, if you just |
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plan to make some experimental changes or do testing without disturbing |
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existing development, it is often convenient to create a 'throwaway' |
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worktree not associated with any branch. For instance, |
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`git worktree add -d <path>` creates a new worktree with a detached `HEAD` |
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at the same commit as the current branch. |
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If a working tree is deleted without using `git worktree remove`, then |
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its associated administrative files, which reside in the repository |
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(see "DETAILS" below), will eventually be removed automatically (see |
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`gc.worktreePruneExpire` in linkgit:git-config[1]), or you can run |
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`git worktree prune` in the main or any linked worktree to clean up any |
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stale administrative files. |
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If the working tree for a linked worktree is stored on a portable device |
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or network share which is not always mounted, you can prevent its |
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administrative files from being pruned by issuing the `git worktree lock` |
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command, optionally specifying `--reason` to explain why the worktree is |
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locked. |
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COMMANDS |
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-------- |
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add <path> [<commit-ish>]:: |
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Create a worktree at `<path>` and checkout `<commit-ish>` into it. The new worktree |
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is linked to the current repository, sharing everything except per-worktree |
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files such as `HEAD`, `index`, etc. As a convenience, `<commit-ish>` may |
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be a bare "`-`", which is synonymous with `@{-1}`. |
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+ |
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If `<commit-ish>` is a branch name (call it `<branch>`) and is not found, |
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and neither `-b` nor `-B` nor `--detach` are used, but there does |
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exist a tracking branch in exactly one remote (call it `<remote>`) |
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with a matching name, treat as equivalent to: |
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+ |
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------------ |
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$ git worktree add --track -b <branch> <path> <remote>/<branch> |
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------------ |
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+ |
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If the branch exists in multiple remotes and one of them is named by |
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the `checkout.defaultRemote` configuration variable, we'll use that |
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one for the purposes of disambiguation, even if the `<branch>` isn't |
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unique across all remotes. Set it to |
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e.g. `checkout.defaultRemote=origin` to always checkout remote |
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branches from there if `<branch>` is ambiguous but exists on the |
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`origin` remote. See also `checkout.defaultRemote` in |
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linkgit:git-config[1]. |
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+ |
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If `<commit-ish>` is omitted and neither `-b` nor `-B` nor `--detach` used, |
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then, as a convenience, the new worktree is associated with a branch (call |
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it `<branch>`) named after `$(basename <path>)`. If `<branch>` doesn't |
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exist, a new branch based on `HEAD` is automatically created as if |
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`-b <branch>` was given. If `<branch>` does exist, it will be checked out |
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in the new worktree, if it's not checked out anywhere else, otherwise the |
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command will refuse to create the worktree (unless `--force` is used). |
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list:: |
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List details of each worktree. The main worktree is listed first, |
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followed by each of the linked worktrees. The output details include |
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whether the worktree is bare, the revision currently checked out, the |
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branch currently checked out (or "detached HEAD" if none), "locked" if |
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the worktree is locked, "prunable" if the worktree can be pruned by the |
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`prune` command. |
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lock:: |
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If a worktree is on a portable device or network share which is not always |
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mounted, lock it to prevent its administrative files from being pruned |
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automatically. This also prevents it from being moved or deleted. |
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Optionally, specify a reason for the lock with `--reason`. |
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move:: |
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Move a worktree to a new location. Note that the main worktree or linked |
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worktrees containing submodules cannot be moved with this command. (The |
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`git worktree repair` command, however, can reestablish the connection |
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with linked worktrees if you move the main worktree manually.) |
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prune:: |
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Prune worktree information in `$GIT_DIR/worktrees`. |
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remove:: |
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Remove a worktree. Only clean worktrees (no untracked files and no |
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modification in tracked files) can be removed. Unclean worktrees or ones |
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with submodules can be removed with `--force`. The main worktree cannot be |
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removed. |
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repair [<path>...]:: |
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Repair worktree administrative files, if possible, if they have become |
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corrupted or outdated due to external factors. |
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+ |
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For instance, if the main worktree (or bare repository) is moved, linked |
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worktrees will be unable to locate it. Running `repair` in the main |
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worktree will reestablish the connection from linked worktrees back to the |
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main worktree. |
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+ |
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Similarly, if the working tree for a linked worktree is moved without |
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using `git worktree move`, the main worktree (or bare repository) will be |
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unable to locate it. Running `repair` within the recently-moved worktree |
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will reestablish the connection. If multiple linked worktrees are moved, |
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running `repair` from any worktree with each tree's new `<path>` as an |
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argument, will reestablish the connection to all the specified paths. |
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+ |
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If both the main worktree and linked worktrees have been moved manually, |
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then running `repair` in the main worktree and specifying the new `<path>` |
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of each linked worktree will reestablish all connections in both |
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directions. |
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unlock:: |
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Unlock a worktree, allowing it to be pruned, moved or deleted. |
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OPTIONS |
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------- |
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-f:: |
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--force:: |
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By default, `add` refuses to create a new worktree when |
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`<commit-ish>` is a branch name and is already checked out by |
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another worktree, or if `<path>` is already assigned to some |
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worktree but is missing (for instance, if `<path>` was deleted |
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manually). This option overrides these safeguards. To add a missing but |
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locked worktree path, specify `--force` twice. |
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+ |
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`move` refuses to move a locked worktree unless `--force` is specified |
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twice. If the destination is already assigned to some other worktree but is |
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missing (for instance, if `<new-path>` was deleted manually), then `--force` |
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allows the move to proceed; use `--force` twice if the destination is locked. |
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+ |
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`remove` refuses to remove an unclean worktree unless `--force` is used. |
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To remove a locked worktree, specify `--force` twice. |
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-b <new-branch>:: |
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-B <new-branch>:: |
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With `add`, create a new branch named `<new-branch>` starting at |
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`<commit-ish>`, and check out `<new-branch>` into the new worktree. |
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If `<commit-ish>` is omitted, it defaults to `HEAD`. |
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By default, `-b` refuses to create a new branch if it already |
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exists. `-B` overrides this safeguard, resetting `<new-branch>` to |
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`<commit-ish>`. |
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-d:: |
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--detach:: |
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With `add`, detach `HEAD` in the new worktree. See "DETACHED HEAD" |
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in linkgit:git-checkout[1]. |
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--[no-]checkout:: |
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By default, `add` checks out `<commit-ish>`, however, `--no-checkout` can |
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be used to suppress checkout in order to make customizations, |
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such as configuring sparse-checkout. See "Sparse checkout" |
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in linkgit:git-read-tree[1]. |
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--[no-]guess-remote:: |
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With `worktree add <path>`, without `<commit-ish>`, instead |
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of creating a new branch from `HEAD`, if there exists a tracking |
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branch in exactly one remote matching the basename of `<path>`, |
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base the new branch on the remote-tracking branch, and mark |
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the remote-tracking branch as "upstream" from the new branch. |
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+ |
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This can also be set up as the default behaviour by using the |
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`worktree.guessRemote` config option. |
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--[no-]track:: |
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When creating a new branch, if `<commit-ish>` is a branch, |
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mark it as "upstream" from the new branch. This is the |
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default if `<commit-ish>` is a remote-tracking branch. See |
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`--track` in linkgit:git-branch[1] for details. |
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--lock:: |
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Keep the worktree locked after creation. This is the |
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equivalent of `git worktree lock` after `git worktree add`, |
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but without a race condition. |
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-n:: |
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--dry-run:: |
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With `prune`, do not remove anything; just report what it would |
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remove. |
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--porcelain:: |
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With `list`, output in an easy-to-parse format for scripts. |
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This format will remain stable across Git versions and regardless of user |
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configuration. It is recommended to combine this with `-z`. |
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See below for details. |
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-z:: |
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Terminate each line with a NUL rather than a newline when |
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`--porcelain` is specified with `list`. This makes it possible |
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to parse the output when a worktree path contains a newline |
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character. |
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-q:: |
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--quiet:: |
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With `add`, suppress feedback messages. |
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-v:: |
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--verbose:: |
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With `prune`, report all removals. |
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+ |
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With `list`, output additional information about worktrees (see below). |
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--expire <time>:: |
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With `prune`, only expire unused worktrees older than `<time>`. |
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+ |
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With `list`, annotate missing worktrees as prunable if they are older than |
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`<time>`. |
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--reason <string>:: |
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With `lock` or with `add --lock`, an explanation why the worktree |
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is locked. |
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<worktree>:: |
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Worktrees can be identified by path, either relative or absolute. |
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+ |
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If the last path components in the worktree's path is unique among |
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worktrees, it can be used to identify a worktree. For example if you only |
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have two worktrees, at `/abc/def/ghi` and `/abc/def/ggg`, then `ghi` or |
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`def/ghi` is enough to point to the former worktree. |
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REFS |
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---- |
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When using multiple worktrees, some refs are shared between all worktrees, |
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but others are specific to an individual worktree. One example is `HEAD`, |
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which is different for each worktree. This section is about the sharing |
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rules and how to access refs of one worktree from another. |
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In general, all pseudo refs are per-worktree and all refs starting with |
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`refs/` are shared. Pseudo refs are ones like `HEAD` which are directly |
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under `$GIT_DIR` instead of inside `$GIT_DIR/refs`. There are exceptions, |
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however: refs inside `refs/bisect` and `refs/worktree` are not shared. |
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Refs that are per-worktree can still be accessed from another worktree via |
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two special paths, `main-worktree` and `worktrees`. The former gives |
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access to per-worktree refs of the main worktree, while the latter to all |
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linked worktrees. |
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For example, `main-worktree/HEAD` or `main-worktree/refs/bisect/good` |
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resolve to the same value as the main worktree's `HEAD` and |
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`refs/bisect/good` respectively. Similarly, `worktrees/foo/HEAD` or |
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`worktrees/bar/refs/bisect/bad` are the same as |
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`$GIT_COMMON_DIR/worktrees/foo/HEAD` and |
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`$GIT_COMMON_DIR/worktrees/bar/refs/bisect/bad`. |
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To access refs, it's best not to look inside `$GIT_DIR` directly. Instead |
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use commands such as linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] or linkgit:git-update-ref[1] |
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which will handle refs correctly. |
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CONFIGURATION FILE |
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------------------ |
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By default, the repository `config` file is shared across all worktrees. |
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If the config variables `core.bare` or `core.worktree` are present in the |
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common config file and `extensions.worktreeConfig` is disabled, then they |
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will be applied to the main worktree only. |
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In order to have worktree-specific configuration, you can turn on the |
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`worktreeConfig` extension, e.g.: |
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------------ |
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$ git config extensions.worktreeConfig true |
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------------ |
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In this mode, specific configuration stays in the path pointed by `git |
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rev-parse --git-path config.worktree`. You can add or update |
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configuration in this file with `git config --worktree`. Older Git |
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versions will refuse to access repositories with this extension. |
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Note that in this file, the exception for `core.bare` and `core.worktree` |
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is gone. If they exist in `$GIT_DIR/config`, you must move |
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them to the `config.worktree` of the main worktree. You may also take this |
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opportunity to review and move other configuration that you do not want to |
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share to all worktrees: |
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- `core.worktree` should never be shared. |
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- `core.bare` should not be shared if the value is `core.bare=true`. |
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- `core.sparseCheckout` should not be shared, unless you are sure you |
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always use sparse checkout for all worktrees. |
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See the documentation of `extensions.worktreeConfig` in |
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linkgit:git-config[1] for more details. |
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DETAILS |
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------- |
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Each linked worktree has a private sub-directory in the repository's |
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`$GIT_DIR/worktrees` directory. The private sub-directory's name is usually |
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the base name of the linked worktree's path, possibly appended with a |
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number to make it unique. For example, when `$GIT_DIR=/path/main/.git` the |
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command `git worktree add /path/other/test-next next` creates the linked |
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worktree in `/path/other/test-next` and also creates a |
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`$GIT_DIR/worktrees/test-next` directory (or `$GIT_DIR/worktrees/test-next1` |
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if `test-next` is already taken). |
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Within a linked worktree, `$GIT_DIR` is set to point to this private |
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directory (e.g. `/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next` in the example) and |
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`$GIT_COMMON_DIR` is set to point back to the main worktree's `$GIT_DIR` |
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(e.g. `/path/main/.git`). These settings are made in a `.git` file located at |
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the top directory of the linked worktree. |
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Path resolution via `git rev-parse --git-path` uses either |
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`$GIT_DIR` or `$GIT_COMMON_DIR` depending on the path. For example, in the |
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linked worktree `git rev-parse --git-path HEAD` returns |
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`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next/HEAD` (not |
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`/path/other/test-next/.git/HEAD` or `/path/main/.git/HEAD`) while `git |
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rev-parse --git-path refs/heads/master` uses |
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`$GIT_COMMON_DIR` and returns `/path/main/.git/refs/heads/master`, |
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since refs are shared across all worktrees, except `refs/bisect` and |
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`refs/worktree`. |
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See linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] for more information. The rule of |
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thumb is do not make any assumption about whether a path belongs to |
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`$GIT_DIR` or `$GIT_COMMON_DIR` when you need to directly access something |
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inside `$GIT_DIR`. Use `git rev-parse --git-path` to get the final path. |
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If you manually move a linked worktree, you need to update the `gitdir` file |
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in the entry's directory. For example, if a linked worktree is moved |
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to `/newpath/test-next` and its `.git` file points to |
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`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next`, then update |
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`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next/gitdir` to reference `/newpath/test-next` |
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instead. Better yet, run `git worktree repair` to reestablish the connection |
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automatically. |
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To prevent a `$GIT_DIR/worktrees` entry from being pruned (which |
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can be useful in some situations, such as when the |
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entry's worktree is stored on a portable device), use the |
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`git worktree lock` command, which adds a file named |
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`locked` to the entry's directory. The file contains the reason in |
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plain text. For example, if a linked worktree's `.git` file points |
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to `/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next` then a file named |
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`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next/locked` will prevent the |
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`test-next` entry from being pruned. See |
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linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] for details. |
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When `extensions.worktreeConfig` is enabled, the config file |
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`.git/worktrees/<id>/config.worktree` is read after `.git/config` is. |
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LIST OUTPUT FORMAT |
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------------------ |
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The `worktree list` command has two output formats. The default format shows the |
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details on a single line with columns. For example: |
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------------ |
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$ git worktree list |
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/path/to/bare-source (bare) |
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/path/to/linked-worktree abcd1234 [master] |
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/path/to/other-linked-worktree 1234abc (detached HEAD) |
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------------ |
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The command also shows annotations for each worktree, according to its state. |
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These annotations are: |
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* `locked`, if the worktree is locked. |
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* `prunable`, if the worktree can be pruned via `git worktree prune`. |
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------------ |
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$ git worktree list |
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/path/to/linked-worktree abcd1234 [master] |
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/path/to/locked-worktree acbd5678 (brancha) locked |
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/path/to/prunable-worktree 5678abc (detached HEAD) prunable |
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------------ |
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For these annotations, a reason might also be available and this can be |
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seen using the verbose mode. The annotation is then moved to the next line |
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indented followed by the additional information. |
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------------ |
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$ git worktree list --verbose |
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/path/to/linked-worktree abcd1234 [master] |
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/path/to/locked-worktree-no-reason abcd5678 (detached HEAD) locked |
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/path/to/locked-worktree-with-reason 1234abcd (brancha) |
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locked: worktree path is mounted on a portable device |
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/path/to/prunable-worktree 5678abc1 (detached HEAD) |
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prunable: gitdir file points to non-existent location |
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------------ |
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Note that the annotation is moved to the next line if the additional |
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information is available, otherwise it stays on the same line as the |
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worktree itself. |
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Porcelain Format |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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The porcelain format has a line per attribute. If `-z` is given then the lines |
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are terminated with NUL rather than a newline. Attributes are listed with a |
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label and value separated by a single space. Boolean attributes (like `bare` |
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and `detached`) are listed as a label only, and are present only |
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if the value is true. Some attributes (like `locked`) can be listed as a label |
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only or with a value depending upon whether a reason is available. The first |
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attribute of a worktree is always `worktree`, an empty line indicates the |
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end of the record. For example: |
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|
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------------ |
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$ git worktree list --porcelain |
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worktree /path/to/bare-source |
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bare |
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worktree /path/to/linked-worktree |
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HEAD abcd1234abcd1234abcd1234abcd1234abcd1234 |
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branch refs/heads/master |
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worktree /path/to/other-linked-worktree |
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HEAD 1234abc1234abc1234abc1234abc1234abc1234a |
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detached |
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worktree /path/to/linked-worktree-locked-no-reason |
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HEAD 5678abc5678abc5678abc5678abc5678abc5678c |
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branch refs/heads/locked-no-reason |
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locked |
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worktree /path/to/linked-worktree-locked-with-reason |
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HEAD 3456def3456def3456def3456def3456def3456b |
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branch refs/heads/locked-with-reason |
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locked reason why is locked |
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worktree /path/to/linked-worktree-prunable |
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HEAD 1233def1234def1234def1234def1234def1234b |
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detached |
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prunable gitdir file points to non-existent location |
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|
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------------ |
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|
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Unless `-z` is used any "unusual" characters in the lock reason such as newlines |
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are escaped and the entire reason is quoted as explained for the |
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configuration variable `core.quotePath` (see linkgit:git-config[1]). |
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For Example: |
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|
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------------ |
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$ git worktree list --porcelain |
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... |
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locked "reason\nwhy is locked" |
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... |
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------------ |
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|
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EXAMPLES |
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-------- |
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You are in the middle of a refactoring session and your boss comes in and |
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demands that you fix something immediately. You might typically use |
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linkgit:git-stash[1] to store your changes away temporarily, however, your |
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working tree is in such a state of disarray (with new, moved, and removed |
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files, and other bits and pieces strewn around) that you don't want to risk |
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disturbing any of it. Instead, you create a temporary linked worktree to |
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make the emergency fix, remove it when done, and then resume your earlier |
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refactoring session. |
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|
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------------ |
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$ git worktree add -b emergency-fix ../temp master |
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$ pushd ../temp |
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# ... hack hack hack ... |
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$ git commit -a -m 'emergency fix for boss' |
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$ popd |
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$ git worktree remove ../temp |
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------------ |
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BUGS |
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Multiple checkout in general is still experimental, and the support |
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for submodules is incomplete. It is NOT recommended to make multiple |
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checkouts of a superproject. |
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GIT |
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Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
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