You can not select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
218 lines
6.6 KiB
218 lines
6.6 KiB
git-checkout(1) |
|
=============== |
|
|
|
NAME |
|
---- |
|
git-checkout - Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree |
|
|
|
SYNOPSIS |
|
-------- |
|
[verse] |
|
'git-checkout' [-q] [-f] [[--track | --no-track] -b <new_branch> [-l]] [-m] [<branch>] |
|
'git-checkout' [<tree-ish>] <paths>... |
|
|
|
DESCRIPTION |
|
----------- |
|
|
|
When <paths> are not given, this command switches branches by |
|
updating the index and working tree to reflect the specified |
|
branch, <branch>, and updating HEAD to be <branch> or, if |
|
specified, <new_branch>. Using -b will cause <new_branch> to |
|
be created; in this case you can use the --track or --no-track |
|
options, which will be passed to `git branch`. |
|
|
|
When <paths> are given, this command does *not* switch |
|
branches. It updates the named paths in the working tree from |
|
the index file (i.e. it runs `git-checkout-index -f -u`), or |
|
from a named commit. In |
|
this case, the `-f` and `-b` options are meaningless and giving |
|
either of them results in an error. <tree-ish> argument can be |
|
used to specify a specific tree-ish (i.e. commit, tag or tree) |
|
to update the index for the given paths before updating the |
|
working tree. |
|
|
|
|
|
OPTIONS |
|
------- |
|
-q:: |
|
Quiet, suppress feedback messages. |
|
|
|
-f:: |
|
Proceed even if the index or the working tree differs |
|
from HEAD. This is used to throw away local changes. |
|
|
|
-b:: |
|
Create a new branch named <new_branch> and start it at |
|
<branch>. The new branch name must pass all checks defined |
|
by linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1]. Some of these checks |
|
may restrict the characters allowed in a branch name. |
|
|
|
--track:: |
|
When creating a new branch, set up configuration so that git-pull |
|
will automatically retrieve data from the start point, which must be |
|
a branch. Use this if you always pull from the same upstream branch |
|
into the new branch, and if you don't want to use "git pull |
|
<repository> <refspec>" explicitly. This behavior is the default |
|
when the start point is a remote branch. Set the |
|
branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable to `false` if you want |
|
git-checkout and git-branch to always behave as if '--no-track' were |
|
given. Set it to `always` if you want this behavior when the |
|
start-point is either a local or remote branch. |
|
|
|
--no-track:: |
|
Ignore the branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable. |
|
|
|
-l:: |
|
Create the new branch's reflog. This activates recording of |
|
all changes made to the branch ref, enabling use of date |
|
based sha1 expressions such as "<branchname>@\{yesterday}". |
|
|
|
-m:: |
|
If you have local modifications to one or more files that |
|
are different between the current branch and the branch to |
|
which you are switching, the command refuses to switch |
|
branches in order to preserve your modifications in context. |
|
However, with this option, a three-way merge between the current |
|
branch, your working tree contents, and the new branch |
|
is done, and you will be on the new branch. |
|
+ |
|
When a merge conflict happens, the index entries for conflicting |
|
paths are left unmerged, and you need to resolve the conflicts |
|
and mark the resolved paths with `git add` (or `git rm` if the merge |
|
should result in deletion of the path). |
|
|
|
<new_branch>:: |
|
Name for the new branch. |
|
|
|
<branch>:: |
|
Branch to checkout; may be any object ID that resolves to a |
|
commit. Defaults to HEAD. |
|
+ |
|
When this parameter names a non-branch (but still a valid commit object), |
|
your HEAD becomes 'detached'. |
|
|
|
|
|
Detached HEAD |
|
------------- |
|
|
|
It is sometimes useful to be able to 'checkout' a commit that is |
|
not at the tip of one of your branches. The most obvious |
|
example is to check out the commit at a tagged official release |
|
point, like this: |
|
|
|
------------ |
|
$ git checkout v2.6.18 |
|
------------ |
|
|
|
Earlier versions of git did not allow this and asked you to |
|
create a temporary branch using `-b` option, but starting from |
|
version 1.5.0, the above command 'detaches' your HEAD from the |
|
current branch and directly point at the commit named by the tag |
|
(`v2.6.18` in the above example). |
|
|
|
You can use usual git commands while in this state. You can use |
|
`git-reset --hard $othercommit` to further move around, for |
|
example. You can make changes and create a new commit on top of |
|
a detached HEAD. You can even create a merge by using `git |
|
merge $othercommit`. |
|
|
|
The state you are in while your HEAD is detached is not recorded |
|
by any branch (which is natural --- you are not on any branch). |
|
What this means is that you can discard your temporary commits |
|
and merges by switching back to an existing branch (e.g. `git |
|
checkout master`), and a later `git prune` or `git gc` would |
|
garbage-collect them. If you did this by mistake, you can ask |
|
the reflog for HEAD where you were, e.g. |
|
|
|
------------ |
|
$ git log -g -2 HEAD |
|
------------ |
|
|
|
|
|
EXAMPLES |
|
-------- |
|
|
|
. The following sequence checks out the `master` branch, reverts |
|
the `Makefile` to two revisions back, deletes hello.c by |
|
mistake, and gets it back from the index. |
|
+ |
|
------------ |
|
$ git checkout master <1> |
|
$ git checkout master~2 Makefile <2> |
|
$ rm -f hello.c |
|
$ git checkout hello.c <3> |
|
------------ |
|
+ |
|
<1> switch branch |
|
<2> take out a file out of other commit |
|
<3> restore hello.c from HEAD of current branch |
|
+ |
|
If you have an unfortunate branch that is named `hello.c`, this |
|
step would be confused as an instruction to switch to that branch. |
|
You should instead write: |
|
+ |
|
------------ |
|
$ git checkout -- hello.c |
|
------------ |
|
|
|
. After working in a wrong branch, switching to the correct |
|
branch would be done using: |
|
+ |
|
------------ |
|
$ git checkout mytopic |
|
------------ |
|
+ |
|
However, your "wrong" branch and correct "mytopic" branch may |
|
differ in files that you have locally modified, in which case, |
|
the above checkout would fail like this: |
|
+ |
|
------------ |
|
$ git checkout mytopic |
|
fatal: Entry 'frotz' not uptodate. Cannot merge. |
|
------------ |
|
+ |
|
You can give the `-m` flag to the command, which would try a |
|
three-way merge: |
|
+ |
|
------------ |
|
$ git checkout -m mytopic |
|
Auto-merging frotz |
|
------------ |
|
+ |
|
After this three-way merge, the local modifications are _not_ |
|
registered in your index file, so `git diff` would show you what |
|
changes you made since the tip of the new branch. |
|
|
|
. When a merge conflict happens during switching branches with |
|
the `-m` option, you would see something like this: |
|
+ |
|
------------ |
|
$ git checkout -m mytopic |
|
Auto-merging frotz |
|
merge: warning: conflicts during merge |
|
ERROR: Merge conflict in frotz |
|
fatal: merge program failed |
|
------------ |
|
+ |
|
At this point, `git diff` shows the changes cleanly merged as in |
|
the previous example, as well as the changes in the conflicted |
|
files. Edit and resolve the conflict and mark it resolved with |
|
`git add` as usual: |
|
+ |
|
------------ |
|
$ edit frotz |
|
$ git add frotz |
|
------------ |
|
|
|
|
|
Author |
|
------ |
|
Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> |
|
|
|
Documentation |
|
-------------- |
|
Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>. |
|
|
|
GIT |
|
--- |
|
Part of the linkgit:git[7] suite
|
|
|