120 lines
5.3 KiB
Plaintext
120 lines
5.3 KiB
Plaintext
<repository>::
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The "remote" repository that is the source of a fetch
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or pull operation. This parameter can be either a URL
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(see the section <<URLS,GIT URLS>> below) or the name
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of a remote (see the section <<REMOTES,REMOTES>> below).
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ifndef::git-pull[]
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<group>::
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A name referring to a list of repositories as the value
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of remotes.<group> in the configuration file.
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(See linkgit:git-config[1]).
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endif::git-pull[]
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<refspec>::
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Specifies which refs to fetch and which local refs to update.
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When no <refspec>s appear on the command line, the refs to fetch
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are read from `remote.<repository>.fetch` variables instead
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ifndef::git-pull[]
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(see <<CRTB,CONFIGURED REMOTE-TRACKING BRANCHES>> below).
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endif::git-pull[]
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ifdef::git-pull[]
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(see the section "CONFIGURED REMOTE-TRACKING BRANCHES"
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in linkgit:git-fetch[1]).
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endif::git-pull[]
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+
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The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus
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`+`, followed by the source <src>, followed
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by a colon `:`, followed by the destination ref <dst>.
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The colon can be omitted when <dst> is empty. <src> is
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typically a ref, but it can also be a fully spelled hex object
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name.
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+
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A <refspec> may contain a `*` in its <src> to indicate a simple pattern
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match. Such a refspec functions like a glob that matches any ref with the
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same prefix. A pattern <refspec> must have a `*` in both the <src> and
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<dst>. It will map refs to the destination by replacing the `*` with the
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contents matched from the source.
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+
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If a refspec is prefixed by `^`, it will be interpreted as a negative
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refspec. Rather than specifying which refs to fetch or which local refs to
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update, such a refspec will instead specify refs to exclude. A ref will be
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considered to match if it matches at least one positive refspec, and does
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not match any negative refspec. Negative refspecs can be useful to restrict
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the scope of a pattern refspec so that it will not include specific refs.
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Negative refspecs can themselves be pattern refspecs. However, they may only
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contain a <src> and do not specify a <dst>. Fully spelled out hex object
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names are also not supported.
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+
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`tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`;
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it requests fetching everything up to the given tag.
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+
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The remote ref that matches <src>
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is fetched, and if <dst> is not an empty string, an attempt
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is made to update the local ref that matches it.
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+
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Whether that update is allowed without `--force` depends on the ref
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namespace it's being fetched to, the type of object being fetched, and
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whether the update is considered to be a fast-forward. Generally, the
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same rules apply for fetching as when pushing, see the `<refspec>...`
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section of linkgit:git-push[1] for what those are. Exceptions to those
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rules particular to 'git fetch' are noted below.
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+
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Until Git version 2.20, and unlike when pushing with
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linkgit:git-push[1], any updates to `refs/tags/*` would be accepted
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without `+` in the refspec (or `--force`). When fetching, we promiscuously
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considered all tag updates from a remote to be forced fetches. Since
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Git version 2.20, fetching to update `refs/tags/*` works the same way
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as when pushing. I.e. any updates will be rejected without `+` in the
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refspec (or `--force`).
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+
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Unlike when pushing with linkgit:git-push[1], any updates outside of
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`refs/{tags,heads}/*` will be accepted without `+` in the refspec (or
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`--force`), whether that's swapping e.g. a tree object for a blob, or
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a commit for another commit that's doesn't have the previous commit as
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an ancestor etc.
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+
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Unlike when pushing with linkgit:git-push[1], there is no
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configuration which'll amend these rules, and nothing like a
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`pre-fetch` hook analogous to the `pre-receive` hook.
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+
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As with pushing with linkgit:git-push[1], all of the rules described
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above about what's not allowed as an update can be overridden by
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adding an the optional leading `+` to a refspec (or using `--force`
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command line option). The only exception to this is that no amount of
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forcing will make the `refs/heads/*` namespace accept a non-commit
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object.
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+
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[NOTE]
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When the remote branch you want to fetch is known to
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be rewound and rebased regularly, it is expected that
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its new tip will not be descendant of its previous tip
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(as stored in your remote-tracking branch the last time
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you fetched). You would want
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to use the `+` sign to indicate non-fast-forward updates
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will be needed for such branches. There is no way to
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determine or declare that a branch will be made available
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in a repository with this behavior; the pulling user simply
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must know this is the expected usage pattern for a branch.
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ifdef::git-pull[]
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+
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[NOTE]
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There is a difference between listing multiple <refspec>
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directly on 'git pull' command line and having multiple
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`remote.<repository>.fetch` entries in your configuration
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for a <repository> and running a
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'git pull' command without any explicit <refspec> parameters.
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<refspec>s listed explicitly on the command line are always
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merged into the current branch after fetching. In other words,
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if you list more than one remote ref, 'git pull' will create
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an Octopus merge. On the other hand, if you do not list any
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explicit <refspec> parameter on the command line, 'git pull'
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will fetch all the <refspec>s it finds in the
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`remote.<repository>.fetch` configuration and merge
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only the first <refspec> found into the current branch.
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This is because making an
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Octopus from remote refs is rarely done, while keeping track
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of multiple remote heads in one-go by fetching more than one
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is often useful.
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endif::git-pull[]
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