You can not select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
315 lines
10 KiB
315 lines
10 KiB
git-commit(1) |
|
============= |
|
|
|
NAME |
|
---- |
|
git-commit - Record changes to the repository |
|
|
|
SYNOPSIS |
|
-------- |
|
[verse] |
|
'git-commit' [-a | --interactive] [-s] [-v] [-u] |
|
[(-c | -C) <commit> | -F <file> | -m <msg> | --amend] |
|
[--allow-empty] [--no-verify] [-e] [--author <author>] |
|
[--cleanup=<mode>] [--] [[-i | -o ]<file>...] |
|
|
|
DESCRIPTION |
|
----------- |
|
Use 'git commit' to store the current contents of the index in a new |
|
commit along with a log message describing the changes you have made. |
|
|
|
The content to be added can be specified in several ways: |
|
|
|
1. by using linkgit:git-add[1] to incrementally "add" changes to the |
|
index before using the 'commit' command (Note: even modified |
|
files must be "added"); |
|
|
|
2. by using linkgit:git-rm[1] to remove files from the working tree |
|
and the index, again before using the 'commit' command; |
|
|
|
3. by listing files as arguments to the 'commit' command, in which |
|
case the commit will ignore changes staged in the index, and instead |
|
record the current content of the listed files; |
|
|
|
4. by using the -a switch with the 'commit' command to automatically |
|
"add" changes from all known files (i.e. all files that are already |
|
listed in the index) and to automatically "rm" files in the index |
|
that have been removed from the working tree, and then perform the |
|
actual commit; |
|
|
|
5. by using the --interactive switch with the 'commit' command to decide one |
|
by one which files should be part of the commit, before finalizing the |
|
operation. Currently, this is done by invoking `git-add --interactive`. |
|
|
|
The linkgit:git-status[1] command can be used to obtain a |
|
summary of what is included by any of the above for the next |
|
commit by giving the same set of parameters you would give to |
|
this command. |
|
|
|
If you make a commit and then found a mistake immediately after |
|
that, you can recover from it with linkgit:git-reset[1]. |
|
|
|
|
|
OPTIONS |
|
------- |
|
-a|--all:: |
|
Tell the command to automatically stage files that have |
|
been modified and deleted, but new files you have not |
|
told git about are not affected. |
|
|
|
-c or -C <commit>:: |
|
Take existing commit object, and reuse the log message |
|
and the authorship information (including the timestamp) |
|
when creating the commit. With '-C', the editor is not |
|
invoked; with '-c' the user can further edit the commit |
|
message. |
|
|
|
-F <file>:: |
|
Take the commit message from the given file. Use '-' to |
|
read the message from the standard input. |
|
|
|
--author <author>:: |
|
Override the author name used in the commit. Use |
|
`A U Thor <author@example.com>` format. |
|
|
|
-m <msg>|--message=<msg>:: |
|
Use the given <msg> as the commit message. |
|
|
|
-t <file>|--template=<file>:: |
|
Use the contents of the given file as the initial version |
|
of the commit message. The editor is invoked and you can |
|
make subsequent changes. If a message is specified using |
|
the `-m` or `-F` options, this option has no effect. This |
|
overrides the `commit.template` configuration variable. |
|
|
|
-s|--signoff:: |
|
Add Signed-off-by line at the end of the commit message. |
|
|
|
--no-verify:: |
|
This option bypasses the pre-commit and commit-msg hooks. |
|
See also link:hooks.html[hooks]. |
|
|
|
--allow-empty:: |
|
Usually recording a commit that has the exact same tree as its |
|
sole parent commit is a mistake, and the command prevents you |
|
from making such a commit. This option bypasses the safety, and |
|
is primarily for use by foreign scm interface scripts. |
|
|
|
--cleanup=<mode>:: |
|
This option sets how the commit message is cleaned up. |
|
The '<mode>' can be one of 'verbatim', 'whitespace', 'strip', |
|
and 'default'. The 'default' mode will strip leading and |
|
trailing empty lines and #commentary from the commit message |
|
only if the message is to be edited. Otherwise only whitespace |
|
removed. The 'verbatim' mode does not change message at all, |
|
'whitespace' removes just leading/trailing whitespace lines |
|
and 'strip' removes both whitespace and commentary. |
|
|
|
-e|--edit:: |
|
The message taken from file with `-F`, command line with |
|
`-m`, and from file with `-C` are usually used as the |
|
commit log message unmodified. This option lets you |
|
further edit the message taken from these sources. |
|
|
|
--amend:: |
|
|
|
Used to amend the tip of the current branch. Prepare the tree |
|
object you would want to replace the latest commit as usual |
|
(this includes the usual -i/-o and explicit paths), and the |
|
commit log editor is seeded with the commit message from the |
|
tip of the current branch. The commit you create replaces the |
|
current tip -- if it was a merge, it will have the parents of |
|
the current tip as parents -- so the current top commit is |
|
discarded. |
|
+ |
|
-- |
|
It is a rough equivalent for: |
|
------ |
|
$ git reset --soft HEAD^ |
|
$ ... do something else to come up with the right tree ... |
|
$ git commit -c ORIG_HEAD |
|
|
|
------ |
|
but can be used to amend a merge commit. |
|
-- |
|
|
|
-i|--include:: |
|
Before making a commit out of staged contents so far, |
|
stage the contents of paths given on the command line |
|
as well. This is usually not what you want unless you |
|
are concluding a conflicted merge. |
|
|
|
-o|--only:: |
|
Make a commit only from the paths specified on the |
|
command line, disregarding any contents that have been |
|
staged so far. This is the default mode of operation of |
|
'git commit' if any paths are given on the command line, |
|
in which case this option can be omitted. |
|
If this option is specified together with '--amend', then |
|
no paths need be specified, which can be used to amend |
|
the last commit without committing changes that have |
|
already been staged. |
|
|
|
-u|--untracked-files:: |
|
Show all untracked files, also those in uninteresting |
|
directories, in the "Untracked files:" section of commit |
|
message template. Without this option only its name and |
|
a trailing slash are displayed for each untracked |
|
directory. |
|
|
|
-v|--verbose:: |
|
Show unified diff between the HEAD commit and what |
|
would be committed at the bottom of the commit message |
|
template. Note that this diff output doesn't have its |
|
lines prefixed with '#'. |
|
|
|
-q|--quiet:: |
|
Suppress commit summary message. |
|
|
|
\--:: |
|
Do not interpret any more arguments as options. |
|
|
|
<file>...:: |
|
When files are given on the command line, the command |
|
commits the contents of the named files, without |
|
recording the changes already staged. The contents of |
|
these files are also staged for the next commit on top |
|
of what have been staged before. |
|
|
|
|
|
EXAMPLES |
|
-------- |
|
When recording your own work, the contents of modified files in |
|
your working tree are temporarily stored to a staging area |
|
called the "index" with linkgit:git-add[1]. A file can be |
|
reverted back, only in the index but not in the working tree, |
|
to that of the last commit with `git-reset HEAD -- <file>`, |
|
which effectively reverts `git-add` and prevents the changes to |
|
this file from participating in the next commit. After building |
|
the state to be committed incrementally with these commands, |
|
`git commit` (without any pathname parameter) is used to record what |
|
has been staged so far. This is the most basic form of the |
|
command. An example: |
|
|
|
------------ |
|
$ edit hello.c |
|
$ git rm goodbye.c |
|
$ git add hello.c |
|
$ git commit |
|
------------ |
|
|
|
Instead of staging files after each individual change, you can |
|
tell `git commit` to notice the changes to the files whose |
|
contents are tracked in |
|
your working tree and do corresponding `git add` and `git rm` |
|
for you. That is, this example does the same as the earlier |
|
example if there is no other change in your working tree: |
|
|
|
------------ |
|
$ edit hello.c |
|
$ rm goodbye.c |
|
$ git commit -a |
|
------------ |
|
|
|
The command `git commit -a` first looks at your working tree, |
|
notices that you have modified hello.c and removed goodbye.c, |
|
and performs necessary `git add` and `git rm` for you. |
|
|
|
After staging changes to many files, you can alter the order the |
|
changes are recorded in, by giving pathnames to `git commit`. |
|
When pathnames are given, the command makes a commit that |
|
only records the changes made to the named paths: |
|
|
|
------------ |
|
$ edit hello.c hello.h |
|
$ git add hello.c hello.h |
|
$ edit Makefile |
|
$ git commit Makefile |
|
------------ |
|
|
|
This makes a commit that records the modification to `Makefile`. |
|
The changes staged for `hello.c` and `hello.h` are not included |
|
in the resulting commit. However, their changes are not lost -- |
|
they are still staged and merely held back. After the above |
|
sequence, if you do: |
|
|
|
------------ |
|
$ git commit |
|
------------ |
|
|
|
this second commit would record the changes to `hello.c` and |
|
`hello.h` as expected. |
|
|
|
After a merge (initiated by either linkgit:git-merge[1] or |
|
linkgit:git-pull[1]) stops because of conflicts, cleanly merged |
|
paths are already staged to be committed for you, and paths that |
|
conflicted are left in unmerged state. You would have to first |
|
check which paths are conflicting with linkgit:git-status[1] |
|
and after fixing them manually in your working tree, you would |
|
stage the result as usual with linkgit:git-add[1]: |
|
|
|
------------ |
|
$ git status | grep unmerged |
|
unmerged: hello.c |
|
$ edit hello.c |
|
$ git add hello.c |
|
------------ |
|
|
|
After resolving conflicts and staging the result, `git ls-files -u` |
|
would stop mentioning the conflicted path. When you are done, |
|
run `git commit` to finally record the merge: |
|
|
|
------------ |
|
$ git commit |
|
------------ |
|
|
|
As with the case to record your own changes, you can use `-a` |
|
option to save typing. One difference is that during a merge |
|
resolution, you cannot use `git commit` with pathnames to |
|
alter the order the changes are committed, because the merge |
|
should be recorded as a single commit. In fact, the command |
|
refuses to run when given pathnames (but see `-i` option). |
|
|
|
|
|
DISCUSSION |
|
---------- |
|
|
|
Though not required, it's a good idea to begin the commit message |
|
with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the |
|
change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description. |
|
Tools that turn commits into email, for example, use the first line |
|
on the Subject: line and the rest of the commit in the body. |
|
|
|
include::i18n.txt[] |
|
|
|
ENVIRONMENT AND CONFIGURATION VARIABLES |
|
--------------------------------------- |
|
The editor used to edit the commit log message will be chosen from the |
|
GIT_EDITOR environment variable, the core.editor configuration variable, the |
|
VISUAL environment variable, or the EDITOR environment variable (in that |
|
order). |
|
|
|
HOOKS |
|
----- |
|
This command can run `commit-msg`, `prepare-commit-msg`, `pre-commit`, |
|
and `post-commit` hooks. See link:hooks.html[hooks] for more |
|
information. |
|
|
|
|
|
SEE ALSO |
|
-------- |
|
linkgit:git-add[1], |
|
linkgit:git-rm[1], |
|
linkgit:git-mv[1], |
|
linkgit:git-merge[1], |
|
linkgit:git-commit-tree[1] |
|
|
|
Author |
|
------ |
|
Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and |
|
Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> |
|
|
|
|
|
GIT |
|
--- |
|
Part of the linkgit:git[7] suite
|
|
|