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387 lines
12 KiB
387 lines
12 KiB
git-commit(1) |
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============= |
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NAME |
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---- |
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git-commit - Record changes to the repository |
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SYNOPSIS |
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-------- |
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[verse] |
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'git commit' [-a | --interactive] [-s] [-v] [-u<mode>] [--amend] [--dry-run] |
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[(-c | -C) <commit>] [-F <file> | -m <msg>] [--reset-author] |
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[--allow-empty] [--no-verify] [-e] [--author=<author>] |
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[--date=<date>] [--cleanup=<mode>] [--status | --no-status] [--] |
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[[-i | -o ]<file>...] |
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DESCRIPTION |
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----------- |
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Stores the current contents of the index in a new commit along |
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with a log message from the user describing the changes. |
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The content to be added can be specified in several ways: |
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1. by using 'git add' to incrementally "add" changes to the |
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index before using the 'commit' command (Note: even modified |
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files must be "added"); |
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2. by using 'git rm' to remove files from the working tree |
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and the index, again before using the 'commit' command; |
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3. by listing files as arguments to the 'commit' command, in which |
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case the commit will ignore changes staged in the index, and instead |
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record the current content of the listed files (which must already |
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be known to git); |
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4. by using the -a switch with the 'commit' command to automatically |
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"add" changes from all known files (i.e. all files that are already |
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listed in the index) and to automatically "rm" files in the index |
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that have been removed from the working tree, and then perform the |
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actual commit; |
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5. by using the --interactive switch with the 'commit' command to decide one |
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by one which files should be part of the commit, before finalizing the |
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operation. Currently, this is done by invoking 'git add --interactive'. |
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The `--dry-run` option can be used to obtain a |
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summary of what is included by any of the above for the next |
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commit by giving the same set of parameters (options and paths). |
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If you make a commit and then find a mistake immediately after |
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that, you can recover from it with 'git reset'. |
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OPTIONS |
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------- |
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-a:: |
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--all:: |
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Tell the command to automatically stage files that have |
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been modified and deleted, but new files you have not |
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told git about are not affected. |
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-C <commit>:: |
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--reuse-message=<commit>:: |
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Take an existing commit object, and reuse the log message |
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and the authorship information (including the timestamp) |
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when creating the commit. |
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-c <commit>:: |
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--reedit-message=<commit>:: |
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Like '-C', but with '-c' the editor is invoked, so that |
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the user can further edit the commit message. |
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--reset-author:: |
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When used with -C/-c/--amend options, declare that the |
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authorship of the resulting commit now belongs of the committer. |
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This also renews the author timestamp. |
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--short:: |
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When doing a dry-run, give the output in the short-format. See |
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linkgit:git-status[1] for details. Implies `--dry-run`. |
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--porcelain:: |
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When doing a dry-run, give the output in a porcelain-ready |
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format. See linkgit:git-status[1] for details. Implies |
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`--dry-run`. |
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-z:: |
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When showing `short` or `porcelain` status output, terminate |
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entries in the status output with NUL, instead of LF. If no |
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format is given, implies the `--porcelain` output format. |
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-F <file>:: |
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--file=<file>:: |
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Take the commit message from the given file. Use '-' to |
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read the message from the standard input. |
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--author=<author>:: |
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Override the author name used in the commit. You can use the |
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standard `A U Thor <author@example.com>` format. Otherwise, |
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an existing commit that matches the given string and its author |
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name is used. |
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--date=<date>:: |
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Override the author date used in the commit. |
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-m <msg>:: |
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--message=<msg>:: |
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Use the given <msg> as the commit message. |
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-t <file>:: |
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--template=<file>:: |
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Use the contents of the given file as the initial version |
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of the commit message. The editor is invoked and you can |
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make subsequent changes. If a message is specified using |
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the `-m` or `-F` options, this option has no effect. This |
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overrides the `commit.template` configuration variable. |
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-s:: |
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--signoff:: |
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Add Signed-off-by line by the committer at the end of the commit |
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log message. |
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-n:: |
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--no-verify:: |
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This option bypasses the pre-commit and commit-msg hooks. |
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See also linkgit:githooks[5]. |
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--allow-empty:: |
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Usually recording a commit that has the exact same tree as its |
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sole parent commit is a mistake, and the command prevents you |
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from making such a commit. This option bypasses the safety, and |
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is primarily for use by foreign scm interface scripts. |
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--cleanup=<mode>:: |
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This option sets how the commit message is cleaned up. |
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The '<mode>' can be one of 'verbatim', 'whitespace', 'strip', |
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and 'default'. The 'default' mode will strip leading and |
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trailing empty lines and #commentary from the commit message |
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only if the message is to be edited. Otherwise only whitespace |
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removed. The 'verbatim' mode does not change message at all, |
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'whitespace' removes just leading/trailing whitespace lines |
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and 'strip' removes both whitespace and commentary. |
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-e:: |
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--edit:: |
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The message taken from file with `-F`, command line with |
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`-m`, and from file with `-C` are usually used as the |
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commit log message unmodified. This option lets you |
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further edit the message taken from these sources. |
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--amend:: |
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Used to amend the tip of the current branch. Prepare the tree |
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object you would want to replace the latest commit as usual |
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(this includes the usual -i/-o and explicit paths), and the |
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commit log editor is seeded with the commit message from the |
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tip of the current branch. The commit you create replaces the |
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current tip -- if it was a merge, it will have the parents of |
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the current tip as parents -- so the current top commit is |
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discarded. |
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+ |
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-- |
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It is a rough equivalent for: |
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------ |
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$ git reset --soft HEAD^ |
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$ ... do something else to come up with the right tree ... |
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$ git commit -c ORIG_HEAD |
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------ |
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but can be used to amend a merge commit. |
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-- |
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+ |
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You should understand the implications of rewriting history if you |
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amend a commit that has already been published. (See the "RECOVERING |
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FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in linkgit:git-rebase[1].) |
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-i:: |
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--include:: |
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Before making a commit out of staged contents so far, |
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stage the contents of paths given on the command line |
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as well. This is usually not what you want unless you |
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are concluding a conflicted merge. |
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-o:: |
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--only:: |
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Make a commit only from the paths specified on the |
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command line, disregarding any contents that have been |
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staged so far. This is the default mode of operation of |
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'git commit' if any paths are given on the command line, |
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in which case this option can be omitted. |
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If this option is specified together with '--amend', then |
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no paths need to be specified, which can be used to amend |
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the last commit without committing changes that have |
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already been staged. |
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-u[<mode>]:: |
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--untracked-files[=<mode>]:: |
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Show untracked files (Default: 'all'). |
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+ |
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The mode parameter is optional, and is used to specify |
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the handling of untracked files. |
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The possible options are: |
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+ |
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- 'no' - Show no untracked files |
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- 'normal' - Shows untracked files and directories |
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- 'all' - Also shows individual files in untracked directories. |
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+ |
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See linkgit:git-config[1] for configuration variable |
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used to change the default for when the option is not |
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specified. |
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-v:: |
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--verbose:: |
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Show unified diff between the HEAD commit and what |
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would be committed at the bottom of the commit message |
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template. Note that this diff output doesn't have its |
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lines prefixed with '#'. |
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-q:: |
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--quiet:: |
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Suppress commit summary message. |
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--dry-run:: |
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Do not create a commit, but show a list of paths that are |
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to be committed, paths with local changes that will be left |
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uncommitted and paths that are untracked. |
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--status:: |
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Include the output of linkgit:git-status[1] in the commit |
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message template when using an editor to prepare the commit |
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message. Defaults to on, but can be used to override |
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configuration variable commit.status. |
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--no-status:: |
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Do not include the output of linkgit:git-status[1] in the |
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commit message template when using an editor to prepare the |
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default commit message. |
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\--:: |
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Do not interpret any more arguments as options. |
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<file>...:: |
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When files are given on the command line, the command |
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commits the contents of the named files, without |
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recording the changes already staged. The contents of |
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these files are also staged for the next commit on top |
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of what have been staged before. |
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:git-commit: 1 |
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include::date-formats.txt[] |
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EXAMPLES |
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-------- |
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When recording your own work, the contents of modified files in |
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your working tree are temporarily stored to a staging area |
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called the "index" with 'git add'. A file can be |
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reverted back, only in the index but not in the working tree, |
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to that of the last commit with `git reset HEAD -- <file>`, |
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which effectively reverts 'git add' and prevents the changes to |
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this file from participating in the next commit. After building |
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the state to be committed incrementally with these commands, |
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`git commit` (without any pathname parameter) is used to record what |
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has been staged so far. This is the most basic form of the |
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command. An example: |
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------------ |
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$ edit hello.c |
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$ git rm goodbye.c |
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$ git add hello.c |
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$ git commit |
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------------ |
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Instead of staging files after each individual change, you can |
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tell `git commit` to notice the changes to the files whose |
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contents are tracked in |
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your working tree and do corresponding `git add` and `git rm` |
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for you. That is, this example does the same as the earlier |
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example if there is no other change in your working tree: |
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------------ |
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$ edit hello.c |
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$ rm goodbye.c |
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$ git commit -a |
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------------ |
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The command `git commit -a` first looks at your working tree, |
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notices that you have modified hello.c and removed goodbye.c, |
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and performs necessary `git add` and `git rm` for you. |
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After staging changes to many files, you can alter the order the |
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changes are recorded in, by giving pathnames to `git commit`. |
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When pathnames are given, the command makes a commit that |
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only records the changes made to the named paths: |
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------------ |
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$ edit hello.c hello.h |
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$ git add hello.c hello.h |
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$ edit Makefile |
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$ git commit Makefile |
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------------ |
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This makes a commit that records the modification to `Makefile`. |
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The changes staged for `hello.c` and `hello.h` are not included |
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in the resulting commit. However, their changes are not lost -- |
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they are still staged and merely held back. After the above |
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sequence, if you do: |
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------------ |
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$ git commit |
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------------ |
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this second commit would record the changes to `hello.c` and |
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`hello.h` as expected. |
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After a merge (initiated by 'git merge' or 'git pull') stops |
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because of conflicts, cleanly merged |
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paths are already staged to be committed for you, and paths that |
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conflicted are left in unmerged state. You would have to first |
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check which paths are conflicting with 'git status' |
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and after fixing them manually in your working tree, you would |
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stage the result as usual with 'git add': |
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------------ |
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$ git status | grep unmerged |
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unmerged: hello.c |
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$ edit hello.c |
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$ git add hello.c |
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------------ |
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After resolving conflicts and staging the result, `git ls-files -u` |
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would stop mentioning the conflicted path. When you are done, |
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run `git commit` to finally record the merge: |
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------------ |
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$ git commit |
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------------ |
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As with the case to record your own changes, you can use `-a` |
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option to save typing. One difference is that during a merge |
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resolution, you cannot use `git commit` with pathnames to |
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alter the order the changes are committed, because the merge |
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should be recorded as a single commit. In fact, the command |
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refuses to run when given pathnames (but see `-i` option). |
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DISCUSSION |
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---------- |
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Though not required, it's a good idea to begin the commit message |
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with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the |
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change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description. |
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Tools that turn commits into email, for example, use the first line |
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on the Subject: line and the rest of the commit in the body. |
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include::i18n.txt[] |
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ENVIRONMENT AND CONFIGURATION VARIABLES |
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--------------------------------------- |
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The editor used to edit the commit log message will be chosen from the |
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GIT_EDITOR environment variable, the core.editor configuration variable, the |
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VISUAL environment variable, or the EDITOR environment variable (in that |
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order). See linkgit:git-var[1] for details. |
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HOOKS |
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----- |
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This command can run `commit-msg`, `prepare-commit-msg`, `pre-commit`, |
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and `post-commit` hooks. See linkgit:githooks[5] for more |
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information. |
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SEE ALSO |
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-------- |
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linkgit:git-add[1], |
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linkgit:git-rm[1], |
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linkgit:git-mv[1], |
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linkgit:git-merge[1], |
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linkgit:git-commit-tree[1] |
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Author |
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------ |
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Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and |
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Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> |
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GIT |
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--- |
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Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
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