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182 lines
5.8 KiB
182 lines
5.8 KiB
git-reset(1) |
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============ |
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NAME |
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---- |
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git-reset - Reset current HEAD to the specified state |
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SYNOPSIS |
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-------- |
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'git-reset' [--mixed | --soft | --hard] [<commit-ish>] |
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DESCRIPTION |
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----------- |
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Sets the current head to the specified commit and optionally resets the |
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index and working tree to match. |
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This command is useful if you notice some small error in a recent |
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commit (or set of commits) and want to redo that part without showing |
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the undo in the history. |
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If you want to undo a commit other than the latest on a branch, |
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gitlink:git-revert[1] is your friend. |
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OPTIONS |
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------- |
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--mixed:: |
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Resets the index but not the working tree (i.e., the changed files |
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are preserved but not marked for commit) and reports what has not |
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been updated. This is the default action. |
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--soft:: |
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Does not touch the index file nor the working tree at all, but |
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requires them to be in a good order. This leaves all your changed |
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files "Updated but not checked in", as gitlink:git-status[1] would |
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put it. |
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--hard:: |
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Matches the working tree and index to that of the tree being |
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switched to. Any changes to tracked files in the working tree |
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since <commit-ish> are lost. |
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<commit-ish>:: |
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Commit to make the current HEAD. |
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Examples |
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-------- |
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Undo a commit and redo:: |
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+ |
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------------ |
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$ git commit ... |
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$ git reset --soft HEAD^ <1> |
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$ edit <2> |
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$ git commit -a -c ORIG_HEAD <3> |
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------------ |
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+ |
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<1> This is most often done when you remembered what you |
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just committed is incomplete, or you misspelled your commit |
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message, or both. Leaves working tree as it was before "reset". |
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<2> make corrections to working tree files. |
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<3> "reset" copies the old head to .git/ORIG_HEAD; redo the |
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commit by starting with its log message. If you do not need to |
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edit the message further, you can give -C option instead. |
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Undo commits permanently:: |
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+ |
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------------ |
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$ git commit ... |
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$ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <1> |
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------------ |
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+ |
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<1> The last three commits (HEAD, HEAD^, and HEAD~2) were bad |
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and you do not want to ever see them again. Do *not* do this if |
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you have already given these commits to somebody else. |
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Undo a commit, making it a topic branch:: |
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+ |
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------------ |
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$ git branch topic/wip <1> |
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$ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <2> |
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$ git checkout topic/wip <3> |
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------------ |
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+ |
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<1> You have made some commits, but realize they were premature |
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to be in the "master" branch. You want to continue polishing |
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them in a topic branch, so create "topic/wip" branch off of the |
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current HEAD. |
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<2> Rewind the master branch to get rid of those three commits. |
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<3> Switch to "topic/wip" branch and keep working. |
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Undo update-index:: |
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+ |
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------------ |
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$ edit <1> |
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$ git-update-index frotz.c filfre.c |
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$ mailx <2> |
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$ git reset <3> |
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$ git pull git://info.example.com/ nitfol <4> |
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------------ |
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+ |
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<1> you are happily working on something, and find the changes |
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in these files are in good order. You do not want to see them |
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when you run "git diff", because you plan to work on other files |
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and changes with these files are distracting. |
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<2> somebody asks you to pull, and the changes sounds worthy of merging. |
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<3> however, you already dirtied the index (i.e. your index does |
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not match the HEAD commit). But you know the pull you are going |
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to make does not affect frotz.c nor filfre.c, so you revert the |
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index changes for these two files. Your changes in working tree |
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remain there. |
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<4> then you can pull and merge, leaving frotz.c and filfre.c |
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changes still in the working tree. |
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Undo a merge or pull:: |
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+ |
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------------ |
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$ git pull <1> |
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Trying really trivial in-index merge... |
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fatal: Merge requires file-level merging |
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Nope. |
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... |
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Auto-merging nitfol |
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CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in nitfol |
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Automatic merge failed/prevented; fix up by hand |
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$ git reset --hard <2> |
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$ git pull . topic/branch <3> |
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Updating from 41223... to 13134... |
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Fast forward |
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$ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <4> |
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------------ |
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+ |
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<1> try to update from the upstream resulted in a lot of |
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conflicts; you were not ready to spend a lot of time merging |
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right now, so you decide to do that later. |
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<2> "pull" has not made merge commit, so "git reset --hard" |
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which is a synonym for "git reset --hard HEAD" clears the mess |
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from the index file and the working tree. |
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<3> merge a topic branch into the current branch, which resulted |
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in a fast forward. |
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<4> but you decided that the topic branch is not ready for public |
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consumption yet. "pull" or "merge" always leaves the original |
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tip of the current branch in ORIG_HEAD, so resetting hard to it |
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brings your index file and the working tree back to that state, |
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and resets the tip of the branch to that commit. |
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Interrupted workflow:: |
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+ |
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Suppose you are interrupted by an urgent fix request while you |
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are in the middle of a large change. The files in your |
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working tree are not in any shape to be committed yet, but you |
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need to get to the other branch for a quick bugfix. |
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+ |
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------------ |
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$ git checkout feature ;# you were working in "feature" branch and |
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$ work work work ;# got interrupted |
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$ git commit -a -m 'snapshot WIP' <1> |
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$ git checkout master |
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$ fix fix fix |
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$ git commit ;# commit with real log |
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$ git checkout feature |
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$ git reset --soft HEAD^ ;# go back to WIP state <2> |
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$ git reset <3> |
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------------ |
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+ |
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<1> This commit will get blown away so a throw-away log message is OK. |
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<2> This removes the 'WIP' commit from the commit history, and sets |
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your working tree to the state just before you made that snapshot. |
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<3> At this point the index file still has all the WIP changes you |
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committed as 'snapshot WIP'. This updates the index to show your |
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WIP files as uncommitted. |
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Author |
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------ |
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Written by Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> and Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> |
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Documentation |
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-------------- |
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Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>. |
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GIT |
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--- |
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Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite
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