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205 lines
6.9 KiB
205 lines
6.9 KiB
git-bundle(1) |
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============= |
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NAME |
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---- |
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git-bundle - Move objects and refs by archive |
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SYNOPSIS |
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-------- |
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[verse] |
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'git bundle' create <file> <git-rev-list-args> |
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'git bundle' verify <file> |
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'git bundle' list-heads <file> [<refname>...] |
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'git bundle' unbundle <file> [<refname>...] |
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DESCRIPTION |
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----------- |
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Some workflows require that one or more branches of development on one |
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machine be replicated on another machine, but the two machines cannot |
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be directly connected, and therefore the interactive Git protocols (git, |
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ssh, rsync, http) cannot be used. This command provides support for |
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'git fetch' and 'git pull' to operate by packaging objects and references |
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in an archive at the originating machine, then importing those into |
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another repository using 'git fetch' and 'git pull' |
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after moving the archive by some means (e.g., by sneakernet). As no |
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direct connection between the repositories exists, the user must specify a |
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basis for the bundle that is held by the destination repository: the |
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bundle assumes that all objects in the basis are already in the |
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destination repository. |
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OPTIONS |
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------- |
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create <file>:: |
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Used to create a bundle named 'file'. This requires the |
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'git-rev-list-args' arguments to define the bundle contents. |
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verify <file>:: |
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Used to check that a bundle file is valid and will apply |
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cleanly to the current repository. This includes checks on the |
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bundle format itself as well as checking that the prerequisite |
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commits exist and are fully linked in the current repository. |
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'git bundle' prints a list of missing commits, if any, and exits |
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with a non-zero status. |
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list-heads <file>:: |
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Lists the references defined in the bundle. If followed by a |
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list of references, only references matching those given are |
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printed out. |
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unbundle <file>:: |
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Passes the objects in the bundle to 'git index-pack' |
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for storage in the repository, then prints the names of all |
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defined references. If a list of references is given, only |
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references matching those in the list are printed. This command is |
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really plumbing, intended to be called only by 'git fetch'. |
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<git-rev-list-args>:: |
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A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and |
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'git rev-list' (and containing a named ref, see SPECIFYING REFERENCES |
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below), that specifies the specific objects and references |
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to transport. For example, `master~10..master` causes the |
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current master reference to be packaged along with all objects |
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added since its 10th ancestor commit. There is no explicit |
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limit to the number of references and objects that may be |
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packaged. |
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[<refname>...]:: |
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A list of references used to limit the references reported as |
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available. This is principally of use to 'git fetch', which |
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expects to receive only those references asked for and not |
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necessarily everything in the pack (in this case, 'git bundle' acts |
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like 'git fetch-pack'). |
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SPECIFYING REFERENCES |
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--------------------- |
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'git bundle' will only package references that are shown by |
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'git show-ref': this includes heads, tags, and remote heads. References |
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such as `master~1` cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable for |
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defining the basis. More than one reference may be packaged, and more |
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than one basis can be specified. The objects packaged are those not |
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contained in the union of the given bases. Each basis can be |
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specified explicitly (e.g. `^master~10`), or implicitly (e.g. |
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`master~10..master`, `--since=10.days.ago master`). |
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It is very important that the basis used be held by the destination. |
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It is okay to err on the side of caution, causing the bundle file |
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to contain objects already in the destination, as these are ignored |
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when unpacking at the destination. |
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EXAMPLE |
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------- |
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Assume you want to transfer the history from a repository R1 on machine A |
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to another repository R2 on machine B. |
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For whatever reason, direct connection between A and B is not allowed, |
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but we can move data from A to B via some mechanism (CD, email, etc.). |
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We want to update R2 with development made on the branch master in R1. |
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To bootstrap the process, you can first create a bundle that does not have |
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any basis. You can use a tag to remember up to what commit you last |
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processed, in order to make it easy to later update the other repository |
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with an incremental bundle: |
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---------------- |
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machineA$ cd R1 |
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machineA$ git bundle create file.bundle master |
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machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master |
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---------------- |
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Then you transfer file.bundle to the target machine B. Because this |
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bundle does not require any existing object to be extracted, you can |
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create a new repository on machine B by cloning from it: |
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---------------- |
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machineB$ git clone -b master /home/me/tmp/file.bundle R2 |
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---------------- |
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This will define a remote called "origin" in the resulting repository that |
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lets you fetch and pull from the bundle. The $GIT_DIR/config file in R2 will |
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have an entry like this: |
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------------------------ |
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[remote "origin"] |
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url = /home/me/tmp/file.bundle |
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fetch = refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* |
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------------------------ |
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To update the resulting mine.git repository, you can fetch or pull after |
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replacing the bundle stored at /home/me/tmp/file.bundle with incremental |
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updates. |
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After working some more in the original repository, you can create an |
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incremental bundle to update the other repository: |
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---------------- |
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machineA$ cd R1 |
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machineA$ git bundle create file.bundle lastR2bundle..master |
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machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master |
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---------------- |
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You then transfer the bundle to the other machine to replace |
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/home/me/tmp/file.bundle, and pull from it. |
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---------------- |
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machineB$ cd R2 |
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machineB$ git pull |
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---------------- |
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If you know up to what commit the intended recipient repository should |
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have the necessary objects, you can use that knowledge to specify the |
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basis, giving a cut-off point to limit the revisions and objects that go |
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in the resulting bundle. The previous example used the lastR2bundle tag |
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for this purpose, but you can use any other options that you would give to |
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the linkgit:git-log[1] command. Here are more examples: |
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You can use a tag that is present in both: |
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$ git bundle create mybundle v1.0.0..master |
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You can use a basis based on time: |
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$ git bundle create mybundle --since=10.days master |
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---------------- |
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You can use the number of commits: |
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$ git bundle create mybundle -10 master |
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---------------- |
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You can run `git-bundle verify` to see if you can extract from a bundle |
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that was created with a basis: |
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$ git bundle verify mybundle |
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---------------- |
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This will list what commits you must have in order to extract from the |
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bundle and will error out if you do not have them. |
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A bundle from a recipient repository's point of view is just like a |
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regular repository which it fetches or pulls from. You can, for example, map |
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references when fetching: |
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$ git fetch mybundle master:localRef |
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---------------- |
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You can also see what references it offers: |
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$ git ls-remote mybundle |
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---------------- |
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GIT |
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--- |
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Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
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