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21 KiB
554 lines
21 KiB
git-update-index(1) |
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=================== |
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NAME |
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---- |
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git-update-index - Register file contents in the working tree to the index |
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SYNOPSIS |
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-------- |
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[verse] |
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'git update-index' |
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[--add] [--remove | --force-remove] [--replace] |
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[--refresh] [-q] [--unmerged] [--ignore-missing] |
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[(--cacheinfo <mode>,<object>,<file>)...] |
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[--chmod=(+|-)x] |
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[--[no-]assume-unchanged] |
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[--[no-]skip-worktree] |
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[--[no-]fsmonitor-valid] |
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[--ignore-submodules] |
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[--[no-]split-index] |
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[--[no-|test-|force-]untracked-cache] |
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[--[no-]fsmonitor] |
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[--really-refresh] [--unresolve] [--again | -g] |
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[--info-only] [--index-info] |
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[-z] [--stdin] [--index-version <n>] |
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[--verbose] |
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[--] [<file>...] |
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DESCRIPTION |
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----------- |
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Modifies the index or directory cache. Each file mentioned is updated |
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into the index and any 'unmerged' or 'needs updating' state is |
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cleared. |
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See also linkgit:git-add[1] for a more user-friendly way to do some of |
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the most common operations on the index. |
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The way 'git update-index' handles files it is told about can be modified |
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using the various options: |
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OPTIONS |
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------- |
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--add:: |
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If a specified file isn't in the index already then it's |
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added. |
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Default behaviour is to ignore new files. |
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--remove:: |
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If a specified file is in the index but is missing then it's |
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removed. |
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Default behavior is to ignore removed file. |
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--refresh:: |
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Looks at the current index and checks to see if merges or |
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updates are needed by checking stat() information. |
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-q:: |
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Quiet. If --refresh finds that the index needs an update, the |
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default behavior is to error out. This option makes |
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'git update-index' continue anyway. |
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--ignore-submodules:: |
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Do not try to update submodules. This option is only respected |
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when passed before --refresh. |
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--unmerged:: |
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If --refresh finds unmerged changes in the index, the default |
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behavior is to error out. This option makes 'git update-index' |
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continue anyway. |
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--ignore-missing:: |
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Ignores missing files during a --refresh |
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--cacheinfo <mode>,<object>,<path>:: |
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--cacheinfo <mode> <object> <path>:: |
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Directly insert the specified info into the index. For |
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backward compatibility, you can also give these three |
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arguments as three separate parameters, but new users are |
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encouraged to use a single-parameter form. |
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--index-info:: |
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Read index information from stdin. |
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--chmod=(+|-)x:: |
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Set the execute permissions on the updated files. |
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--[no-]assume-unchanged:: |
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When this flag is specified, the object names recorded |
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for the paths are not updated. Instead, this option |
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sets/unsets the "assume unchanged" bit for the |
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paths. When the "assume unchanged" bit is on, the user |
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promises not to change the file and allows Git to assume |
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that the working tree file matches what is recorded in |
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the index. If you want to change the working tree file, |
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you need to unset the bit to tell Git. This is |
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sometimes helpful when working with a big project on a |
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filesystem that has very slow lstat(2) system call |
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(e.g. cifs). |
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+ |
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Git will fail (gracefully) in case it needs to modify this file |
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in the index e.g. when merging in a commit; |
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thus, in case the assumed-untracked file is changed upstream, |
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you will need to handle the situation manually. |
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--really-refresh:: |
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Like `--refresh`, but checks stat information unconditionally, |
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without regard to the "assume unchanged" setting. |
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--[no-]skip-worktree:: |
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When one of these flags is specified, the object name recorded |
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for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options |
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set and unset the "skip-worktree" bit for the paths. See |
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section "Skip-worktree bit" below for more information. |
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--[no-]fsmonitor-valid:: |
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When one of these flags is specified, the object name recorded |
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for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options |
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set and unset the "fsmonitor valid" bit for the paths. See |
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section "File System Monitor" below for more information. |
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-g:: |
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--again:: |
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Runs 'git update-index' itself on the paths whose index |
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entries are different from those from the `HEAD` commit. |
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--unresolve:: |
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Restores the 'unmerged' or 'needs updating' state of a |
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file during a merge if it was cleared by accident. |
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--info-only:: |
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Do not create objects in the object database for all |
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<file> arguments that follow this flag; just insert |
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their object IDs into the index. |
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--force-remove:: |
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Remove the file from the index even when the working directory |
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still has such a file. (Implies --remove.) |
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--replace:: |
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By default, when a file `path` exists in the index, |
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'git update-index' refuses an attempt to add `path/file`. |
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Similarly if a file `path/file` exists, a file `path` |
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cannot be added. With --replace flag, existing entries |
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that conflict with the entry being added are |
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automatically removed with warning messages. |
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--stdin:: |
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Instead of taking list of paths from the command line, |
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read list of paths from the standard input. Paths are |
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separated by LF (i.e. one path per line) by default. |
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--verbose:: |
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Report what is being added and removed from index. |
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--index-version <n>:: |
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Write the resulting index out in the named on-disk format version. |
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Supported versions are 2, 3 and 4. The current default version is 2 |
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or 3, depending on whether extra features are used, such as |
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`git add -N`. |
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+ |
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Version 4 performs a simple pathname compression that reduces index |
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size by 30%-50% on large repositories, which results in faster load |
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time. Version 4 is relatively young (first released in 1.8.0 in |
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October 2012). Other Git implementations such as JGit and libgit2 |
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may not support it yet. |
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-z:: |
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Only meaningful with `--stdin` or `--index-info`; paths are |
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separated with NUL character instead of LF. |
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--split-index:: |
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--no-split-index:: |
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Enable or disable split index mode. If split-index mode is |
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already enabled and `--split-index` is given again, all |
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changes in $GIT_DIR/index are pushed back to the shared index |
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file. |
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+ |
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These options take effect whatever the value of the `core.splitIndex` |
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configuration variable (see linkgit:git-config[1]). But a warning is |
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emitted when the change goes against the configured value, as the |
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configured value will take effect next time the index is read and this |
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will remove the intended effect of the option. |
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--untracked-cache:: |
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--no-untracked-cache:: |
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Enable or disable untracked cache feature. Please use |
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`--test-untracked-cache` before enabling it. |
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+ |
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These options take effect whatever the value of the `core.untrackedCache` |
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configuration variable (see linkgit:git-config[1]). But a warning is |
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emitted when the change goes against the configured value, as the |
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configured value will take effect next time the index is read and this |
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will remove the intended effect of the option. |
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--test-untracked-cache:: |
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Only perform tests on the working directory to make sure |
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untracked cache can be used. You have to manually enable |
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untracked cache using `--untracked-cache` or |
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`--force-untracked-cache` or the `core.untrackedCache` |
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configuration variable afterwards if you really want to use |
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it. If a test fails the exit code is 1 and a message |
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explains what is not working as needed, otherwise the exit |
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code is 0 and OK is printed. |
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--force-untracked-cache:: |
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Same as `--untracked-cache`. Provided for backwards |
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compatibility with older versions of Git where |
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`--untracked-cache` used to imply `--test-untracked-cache` but |
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this option would enable the extension unconditionally. |
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--fsmonitor:: |
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--no-fsmonitor:: |
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Enable or disable files system monitor feature. These options |
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take effect whatever the value of the `core.fsmonitor` |
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configuration variable (see linkgit:git-config[1]). But a warning |
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is emitted when the change goes against the configured value, as |
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the configured value will take effect next time the index is |
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read and this will remove the intended effect of the option. |
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\--:: |
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Do not interpret any more arguments as options. |
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<file>:: |
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Files to act on. |
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Note that files beginning with '.' are discarded. This includes |
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`./file` and `dir/./file`. If you don't want this, then use |
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cleaner names. |
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The same applies to directories ending '/' and paths with '//' |
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USING --REFRESH |
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--------------- |
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`--refresh` does not calculate a new sha1 file or bring the index |
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up to date for mode/content changes. But what it *does* do is to |
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"re-match" the stat information of a file with the index, so that you |
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can refresh the index for a file that hasn't been changed but where |
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the stat entry is out of date. |
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For example, you'd want to do this after doing a 'git read-tree', to link |
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up the stat index details with the proper files. |
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USING --CACHEINFO OR --INFO-ONLY |
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-------------------------------- |
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`--cacheinfo` is used to register a file that is not in the |
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current working directory. This is useful for minimum-checkout |
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merging. |
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To pretend you have a file at path with mode and sha1, say: |
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---------------- |
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$ git update-index --add --cacheinfo <mode>,<sha1>,<path> |
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---------------- |
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`--info-only` is used to register files without placing them in the object |
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database. This is useful for status-only repositories. |
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Both `--cacheinfo` and `--info-only` behave similarly: the index is updated |
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but the object database isn't. `--cacheinfo` is useful when the object is |
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in the database but the file isn't available locally. `--info-only` is |
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useful when the file is available, but you do not wish to update the |
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object database. |
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USING --INDEX-INFO |
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------------------ |
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`--index-info` is a more powerful mechanism that lets you feed |
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multiple entry definitions from the standard input, and designed |
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specifically for scripts. It can take inputs of three formats: |
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. mode SP type SP sha1 TAB path |
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+ |
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This format is to stuff `git ls-tree` output into the index. |
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. mode SP sha1 SP stage TAB path |
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+ |
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This format is to put higher order stages into the |
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index file and matches 'git ls-files --stage' output. |
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. mode SP sha1 TAB path |
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+ |
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This format is no longer produced by any Git command, but is |
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and will continue to be supported by `update-index --index-info`. |
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To place a higher stage entry to the index, the path should |
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first be removed by feeding a mode=0 entry for the path, and |
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then feeding necessary input lines in the third format. |
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For example, starting with this index: |
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------------ |
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$ git ls-files -s |
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100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 0 frotz |
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------------ |
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you can feed the following input to `--index-info`: |
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------------ |
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$ git update-index --index-info |
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0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 frotz |
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100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 1 frotz |
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100755 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 2 frotz |
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------------ |
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The first line of the input feeds 0 as the mode to remove the |
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path; the SHA-1 does not matter as long as it is well formatted. |
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Then the second and third line feeds stage 1 and stage 2 entries |
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for that path. After the above, we would end up with this: |
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------------ |
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$ git ls-files -s |
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100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 1 frotz |
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100755 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 2 frotz |
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------------ |
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USING ``ASSUME UNCHANGED'' BIT |
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------------------------------ |
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Many operations in Git depend on your filesystem to have an |
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efficient `lstat(2)` implementation, so that `st_mtime` |
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information for working tree files can be cheaply checked to see |
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if the file contents have changed from the version recorded in |
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the index file. Unfortunately, some filesystems have |
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inefficient `lstat(2)`. If your filesystem is one of them, you |
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can set "assume unchanged" bit to paths you have not changed to |
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cause Git not to do this check. Note that setting this bit on a |
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path does not mean Git will check the contents of the file to |
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see if it has changed -- it makes Git to omit any checking and |
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assume it has *not* changed. When you make changes to working |
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tree files, you have to explicitly tell Git about it by dropping |
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"assume unchanged" bit, either before or after you modify them. |
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In order to set "assume unchanged" bit, use `--assume-unchanged` |
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option. To unset, use `--no-assume-unchanged`. To see which files |
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have the "assume unchanged" bit set, use `git ls-files -v` |
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(see linkgit:git-ls-files[1]). |
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The command looks at `core.ignorestat` configuration variable. When |
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this is true, paths updated with `git update-index paths...` and |
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paths updated with other Git commands that update both index and |
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working tree (e.g. 'git apply --index', 'git checkout-index -u', |
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and 'git read-tree -u') are automatically marked as "assume |
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unchanged". Note that "assume unchanged" bit is *not* set if |
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`git update-index --refresh` finds the working tree file matches |
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the index (use `git update-index --really-refresh` if you want |
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to mark them as "assume unchanged"). |
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EXAMPLES |
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-------- |
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To update and refresh only the files already checked out: |
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---------------- |
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$ git checkout-index -n -f -a && git update-index --ignore-missing --refresh |
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---------------- |
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On an inefficient filesystem with `core.ignorestat` set:: |
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+ |
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------------ |
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$ git update-index --really-refresh <1> |
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$ git update-index --no-assume-unchanged foo.c <2> |
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$ git diff --name-only <3> |
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$ edit foo.c |
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$ git diff --name-only <4> |
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M foo.c |
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$ git update-index foo.c <5> |
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$ git diff --name-only <6> |
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$ edit foo.c |
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$ git diff --name-only <7> |
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$ git update-index --no-assume-unchanged foo.c <8> |
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$ git diff --name-only <9> |
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M foo.c |
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------------ |
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+ |
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<1> forces lstat(2) to set "assume unchanged" bits for paths that match index. |
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<2> mark the path to be edited. |
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<3> this does lstat(2) and finds index matches the path. |
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<4> this does lstat(2) and finds index does *not* match the path. |
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<5> registering the new version to index sets "assume unchanged" bit. |
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<6> and it is assumed unchanged. |
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<7> even after you edit it. |
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<8> you can tell about the change after the fact. |
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<9> now it checks with lstat(2) and finds it has been changed. |
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SKIP-WORKTREE BIT |
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----------------- |
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Skip-worktree bit can be defined in one (long) sentence: When reading |
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an entry, if it is marked as skip-worktree, then Git pretends its |
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working directory version is up to date and read the index version |
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instead. |
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To elaborate, "reading" means checking for file existence, reading |
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file attributes or file content. The working directory version may be |
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present or absent. If present, its content may match against the index |
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version or not. Writing is not affected by this bit, content safety |
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is still first priority. Note that Git _can_ update working directory |
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file, that is marked skip-worktree, if it is safe to do so (i.e. |
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working directory version matches index version) |
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Although this bit looks similar to assume-unchanged bit, its goal is |
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different from assume-unchanged bit's. Skip-worktree also takes |
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precedence over assume-unchanged bit when both are set. |
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SPLIT INDEX |
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----------- |
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This mode is designed for repositories with very large indexes, and |
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aims at reducing the time it takes to repeatedly write these indexes. |
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In this mode, the index is split into two files, $GIT_DIR/index and |
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$GIT_DIR/sharedindex.<SHA-1>. Changes are accumulated in |
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$GIT_DIR/index, the split index, while the shared index file contains |
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all index entries and stays unchanged. |
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All changes in the split index are pushed back to the shared index |
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file when the number of entries in the split index reaches a level |
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specified by the splitIndex.maxPercentChange config variable (see |
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linkgit:git-config[1]). |
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Each time a new shared index file is created, the old shared index |
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files are deleted if their modification time is older than what is |
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specified by the splitIndex.sharedIndexExpire config variable (see |
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linkgit:git-config[1]). |
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To avoid deleting a shared index file that is still used, its |
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modification time is updated to the current time everytime a new split |
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index based on the shared index file is either created or read from. |
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UNTRACKED CACHE |
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--------------- |
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This cache is meant to speed up commands that involve determining |
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untracked files such as `git status`. |
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This feature works by recording the mtime of the working tree |
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directories and then omitting reading directories and stat calls |
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against files in those directories whose mtime hasn't changed. For |
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this to work the underlying operating system and file system must |
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change the `st_mtime` field of directories if files in the directory |
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are added, modified or deleted. |
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You can test whether the filesystem supports that with the |
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`--test-untracked-cache` option. The `--untracked-cache` option used |
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to implicitly perform that test in older versions of Git, but that's |
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no longer the case. |
|
|
|
If you want to enable (or disable) this feature, it is easier to use |
|
the `core.untrackedCache` configuration variable (see |
|
linkgit:git-config[1]) than using the `--untracked-cache` option to |
|
`git update-index` in each repository, especially if you want to do so |
|
across all repositories you use, because you can set the configuration |
|
variable to `true` (or `false`) in your `$HOME/.gitconfig` just once |
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and have it affect all repositories you touch. |
|
|
|
When the `core.untrackedCache` configuration variable is changed, the |
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untracked cache is added to or removed from the index the next time a |
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command reads the index; while when `--[no-|force-]untracked-cache` |
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are used, the untracked cache is immediately added to or removed from |
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the index. |
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|
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Before 2.17, the untracked cache had a bug where replacing a directory |
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with a symlink to another directory could cause it to incorrectly show |
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files tracked by git as untracked. See the "status: add a failing test |
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showing a core.untrackedCache bug" commit to git.git. A workaround for |
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that is (and this might work for other undiscovered bugs in the |
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future): |
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---------------- |
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$ git -c core.untrackedCache=false status |
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---------------- |
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|
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This bug has also been shown to affect non-symlink cases of replacing |
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a directory with a file when it comes to the internal structures of |
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the untracked cache, but no case has been reported where this resulted in |
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wrong "git status" output. |
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There are also cases where existing indexes written by git versions |
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before 2.17 will reference directories that don't exist anymore, |
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potentially causing many "could not open directory" warnings to be |
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printed on "git status". These are new warnings for existing issues |
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that were previously silently discarded. |
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As with the bug described above the solution is to one-off do a "git |
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status" run with `core.untrackedCache=false` to flush out the leftover |
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bad data. |
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FILE SYSTEM MONITOR |
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------------------- |
|
|
|
This feature is intended to speed up git operations for repos that have |
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large working directories. |
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|
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It enables git to work together with a file system monitor (see the |
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"fsmonitor-watchman" section of linkgit:githooks[5]) that can |
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inform it as to what files have been modified. This enables git to avoid |
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having to lstat() every file to find modified files. |
|
|
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When used in conjunction with the untracked cache, it can further improve |
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performance by avoiding the cost of scanning the entire working directory |
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looking for new files. |
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|
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If you want to enable (or disable) this feature, it is easier to use |
|
the `core.fsmonitor` configuration variable (see |
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linkgit:git-config[1]) than using the `--fsmonitor` option to |
|
`git update-index` in each repository, especially if you want to do so |
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across all repositories you use, because you can set the configuration |
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variable in your `$HOME/.gitconfig` just once and have it affect all |
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repositories you touch. |
|
|
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When the `core.fsmonitor` configuration variable is changed, the |
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file system monitor is added to or removed from the index the next time |
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a command reads the index. When `--[no-]fsmonitor` are used, the file |
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system monitor is immediately added to or removed from the index. |
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|
|
CONFIGURATION |
|
------------- |
|
|
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The command honors `core.filemode` configuration variable. If |
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your repository is on a filesystem whose executable bits are |
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unreliable, this should be set to 'false' (see linkgit:git-config[1]). |
|
This causes the command to ignore differences in file modes recorded |
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in the index and the file mode on the filesystem if they differ only on |
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executable bit. On such an unfortunate filesystem, you may |
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need to use 'git update-index --chmod='. |
|
|
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Quite similarly, if `core.symlinks` configuration variable is set |
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to 'false' (see linkgit:git-config[1]), symbolic links are checked out |
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as plain files, and this command does not modify a recorded file mode |
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from symbolic link to regular file. |
|
|
|
The command looks at `core.ignorestat` configuration variable. See |
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'Using "assume unchanged" bit' section above. |
|
|
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The command also looks at `core.trustctime` configuration variable. |
|
It can be useful when the inode change time is regularly modified by |
|
something outside Git (file system crawlers and backup systems use |
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ctime for marking files processed) (see linkgit:git-config[1]). |
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The untracked cache extension can be enabled by the |
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`core.untrackedCache` configuration variable (see |
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linkgit:git-config[1]). |
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SEE ALSO |
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-------- |
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linkgit:git-config[1], |
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linkgit:git-add[1], |
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linkgit:git-ls-files[1] |
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GIT |
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--- |
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Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
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