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102 lines
4.4 KiB
102 lines
4.4 KiB
<repository>:: |
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The "remote" repository that is the source of a fetch |
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or pull operation. This parameter can be either a URL |
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(see the section <<URLS,GIT URLS>> below) or the name |
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of a remote (see the section <<REMOTES,REMOTES>> below). |
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ifndef::git-pull[] |
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<group>:: |
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A name referring to a list of repositories as the value |
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of remotes.<group> in the configuration file. |
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(See linkgit:git-config[1]). |
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endif::git-pull[] |
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<refspec>:: |
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Specifies which refs to fetch and which local refs to update. |
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When no <refspec>s appear on the command line, the refs to fetch |
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are read from `remote.<repository>.fetch` variables instead |
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ifndef::git-pull[] |
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(see <<CRTB,CONFIGURED REMOTE-TRACKING BRANCHES>> below). |
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endif::git-pull[] |
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ifdef::git-pull[] |
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(see linkgit:git-fetch[1]). |
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endif::git-pull[] |
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+ |
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The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus |
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`+`, followed by the source <src>, followed |
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by a colon `:`, followed by the destination ref <dst>. |
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The colon can be omitted when <dst> is empty. <src> is |
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typically a ref, but it can also be a fully spelled hex object |
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name. |
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+ |
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`tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`; |
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it requests fetching everything up to the given tag. |
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+ |
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The remote ref that matches <src> |
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is fetched, and if <dst> is not an empty string, an attempt |
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is made to update the local ref that matches it. |
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+ |
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Whether that update is allowed without `--force` depends on the ref |
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namespace it's being fetched to, the type of object being fetched, and |
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whether the update is considered to be a fast-forward. Generally, the |
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same rules apply for fetching as when pushing, see the `<refspec>...` |
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section of linkgit:git-push[1] for what those are. Exceptions to those |
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rules particular to 'git fetch' are noted below. |
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+ |
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Until Git version 2.20, and unlike when pushing with |
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linkgit:git-push[1], any updates to `refs/tags/*` would be accepted |
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without `+` in the refspec (or `--force`). When fetching, we promiscuously |
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considered all tag updates from a remote to be forced fetches. Since |
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Git version 2.20, fetching to update `refs/tags/*` works the same way |
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as when pushing. I.e. any updates will be rejected without `+` in the |
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refspec (or `--force`). |
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+ |
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Unlike when pushing with linkgit:git-push[1], any updates outside of |
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`refs/{tags,heads}/*` will be accepted without `+` in the refspec (or |
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`--force`), whether that's swapping e.g. a tree object for a blob, or |
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a commit for another commit that's doesn't have the previous commit as |
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an ancestor etc. |
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+ |
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Unlike when pushing with linkgit:git-push[1], there is no |
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configuration which'll amend these rules, and nothing like a |
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`pre-fetch` hook analogous to the `pre-receive` hook. |
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+ |
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As with pushing with linkgit:git-push[1], all of the rules described |
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above about what's not allowed as an update can be overridden by |
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adding an the optional leading `+` to a refspec (or using `--force` |
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command line option). The only exception to this is that no amount of |
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forcing will make the `refs/heads/*` namespace accept a non-commit |
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object. |
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+ |
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[NOTE] |
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When the remote branch you want to fetch is known to |
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be rewound and rebased regularly, it is expected that |
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its new tip will not be descendant of its previous tip |
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(as stored in your remote-tracking branch the last time |
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you fetched). You would want |
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to use the `+` sign to indicate non-fast-forward updates |
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will be needed for such branches. There is no way to |
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determine or declare that a branch will be made available |
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in a repository with this behavior; the pulling user simply |
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must know this is the expected usage pattern for a branch. |
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ifdef::git-pull[] |
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+ |
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[NOTE] |
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There is a difference between listing multiple <refspec> |
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directly on 'git pull' command line and having multiple |
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`remote.<repository>.fetch` entries in your configuration |
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for a <repository> and running a |
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'git pull' command without any explicit <refspec> parameters. |
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<refspec>s listed explicitly on the command line are always |
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merged into the current branch after fetching. In other words, |
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if you list more than one remote ref, 'git pull' will create |
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an Octopus merge. On the other hand, if you do not list any |
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explicit <refspec> parameter on the command line, 'git pull' |
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will fetch all the <refspec>s it finds in the |
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`remote.<repository>.fetch` configuration and merge |
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only the first <refspec> found into the current branch. |
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This is because making an |
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Octopus from remote refs is rarely done, while keeping track |
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of multiple remote heads in one-go by fetching more than one |
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is often useful. |
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endif::git-pull[]
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