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335 lines
10 KiB
335 lines
10 KiB
git-bisect(1) |
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============= |
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NAME |
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---- |
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git-bisect - Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug |
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SYNOPSIS |
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-------- |
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'git bisect' <subcommand> <options> |
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DESCRIPTION |
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----------- |
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The command takes various subcommands, and different options depending |
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on the subcommand: |
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git bisect help |
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git bisect start [<bad> [<good>...]] [--] [<paths>...] |
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git bisect bad [<rev>] |
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git bisect good [<rev>...] |
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git bisect skip [(<rev>|<range>)...] |
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git bisect reset [<commit>] |
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git bisect visualize |
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git bisect replay <logfile> |
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git bisect log |
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git bisect run <cmd>... |
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This command uses 'git rev-list --bisect' to help drive the |
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binary search process to find which change introduced a bug, given an |
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old "good" commit object name and a later "bad" commit object name. |
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Getting help |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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Use "git bisect" to get a short usage description, and "git bisect |
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help" or "git bisect -h" to get a long usage description. |
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Basic bisect commands: start, bad, good |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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Using the Linux kernel tree as an example, basic use of the bisect |
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command is as follows: |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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$ git bisect start |
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$ git bisect bad # Current version is bad |
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$ git bisect good v2.6.13-rc2 # v2.6.13-rc2 was the last version |
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# tested that was good |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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When you have specified at least one bad and one good version, the |
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command bisects the revision tree and outputs something similar to |
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the following: |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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Bisecting: 675 revisions left to test after this |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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The state in the middle of the set of revisions is then checked out. |
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You would now compile that kernel and boot it. If the booted kernel |
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works correctly, you would then issue the following command: |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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$ git bisect good # this one is good |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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The output of this command would be something similar to the following: |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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Bisecting: 337 revisions left to test after this |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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You keep repeating this process, compiling the tree, testing it, and |
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depending on whether it is good or bad issuing the command "git bisect good" |
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or "git bisect bad" to ask for the next bisection. |
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Eventually there will be no more revisions left to bisect, and you |
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will have been left with the first bad kernel revision in "refs/bisect/bad". |
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Bisect reset |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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After a bisect session, to clean up the bisection state and return to |
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the original HEAD, issue the following command: |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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$ git bisect reset |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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By default, this will return your tree to the commit that was checked |
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out before `git bisect start`. (A new `git bisect start` will also do |
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that, as it cleans up the old bisection state.) |
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With an optional argument, you can return to a different commit |
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instead: |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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$ git bisect reset <commit> |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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For example, `git bisect reset HEAD` will leave you on the current |
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bisection commit and avoid switching commits at all, while `git bisect |
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reset bisect/bad` will check out the first bad revision. |
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Bisect visualize |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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To see the currently remaining suspects in 'gitk', issue the following |
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command during the bisection process: |
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------------ |
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$ git bisect visualize |
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------------ |
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`view` may also be used as a synonym for `visualize`. |
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If the 'DISPLAY' environment variable is not set, 'git log' is used |
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instead. You can also give command line options such as `-p` and |
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`--stat`. |
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------------ |
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$ git bisect view --stat |
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------------ |
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Bisect log and bisect replay |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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After having marked revisions as good or bad, issue the following |
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command to show what has been done so far: |
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------------ |
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$ git bisect log |
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------------ |
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If you discover that you made a mistake in specifying the status of a |
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revision, you can save the output of this command to a file, edit it to |
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remove the incorrect entries, and then issue the following commands to |
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return to a corrected state: |
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------------ |
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$ git bisect reset |
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$ git bisect replay that-file |
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------------ |
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Avoiding testing a commit |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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If, in the middle of a bisect session, you know that the next suggested |
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revision is not a good one to test (e.g. the change the commit |
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introduces is known not to work in your environment and you know it |
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does not have anything to do with the bug you are chasing), you may |
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want to find a nearby commit and try that instead. |
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For example: |
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------------ |
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$ git bisect good/bad # previous round was good or bad. |
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Bisecting: 337 revisions left to test after this |
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$ git bisect visualize # oops, that is uninteresting. |
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$ git reset --hard HEAD~3 # try 3 revisions before what |
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# was suggested |
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------------ |
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Then compile and test the chosen revision, and afterwards mark |
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the revision as good or bad in the usual manner. |
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Bisect skip |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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Instead of choosing by yourself a nearby commit, you can ask git |
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to do it for you by issuing the command: |
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------------ |
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$ git bisect skip # Current version cannot be tested |
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------------ |
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But git may eventually be unable to tell the first bad commit among |
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a bad commit and one or more skipped commits. |
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You can even skip a range of commits, instead of just one commit, |
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using the "'<commit1>'..'<commit2>'" notation. For example: |
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------------ |
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$ git bisect skip v2.5..v2.6 |
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------------ |
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This tells the bisect process that no commit after `v2.5`, up to and |
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including `v2.6`, should be tested. |
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Note that if you also want to skip the first commit of the range you |
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would issue the command: |
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------------ |
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$ git bisect skip v2.5 v2.5..v2.6 |
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------------ |
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This tells the bisect process that the commits between `v2.5` included |
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and `v2.6` included should be skipped. |
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Cutting down bisection by giving more parameters to bisect start |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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You can further cut down the number of trials, if you know what part of |
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the tree is involved in the problem you are tracking down, by specifying |
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path parameters when issuing the `bisect start` command: |
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------------ |
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$ git bisect start -- arch/i386 include/asm-i386 |
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------------ |
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If you know beforehand more than one good commit, you can narrow the |
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bisect space down by specifying all of the good commits immediately after |
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the bad commit when issuing the `bisect start` command: |
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------------ |
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$ git bisect start v2.6.20-rc6 v2.6.20-rc4 v2.6.20-rc1 -- |
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# v2.6.20-rc6 is bad |
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# v2.6.20-rc4 and v2.6.20-rc1 are good |
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------------ |
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Bisect run |
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~~~~~~~~~~ |
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If you have a script that can tell if the current source code is good |
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or bad, you can bisect by issuing the command: |
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------------ |
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$ git bisect run my_script arguments |
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------------ |
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Note that the script (`my_script` in the above example) should |
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exit with code 0 if the current source code is good, and exit with a |
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code between 1 and 127 (inclusive), except 125, if the current |
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source code is bad. |
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Any other exit code will abort the bisect process. It should be noted |
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that a program that terminates via "exit(-1)" leaves $? = 255, (see the |
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exit(3) manual page), as the value is chopped with "& 0377". |
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The special exit code 125 should be used when the current source code |
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cannot be tested. If the script exits with this code, the current |
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revision will be skipped (see `git bisect skip` above). |
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You may often find that during a bisect session you want to have |
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temporary modifications (e.g. s/#define DEBUG 0/#define DEBUG 1/ in a |
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header file, or "revision that does not have this commit needs this |
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patch applied to work around another problem this bisection is not |
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interested in") applied to the revision being tested. |
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To cope with such a situation, after the inner 'git bisect' finds the |
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next revision to test, the script can apply the patch |
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before compiling, run the real test, and afterwards decide if the |
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revision (possibly with the needed patch) passed the test and then |
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rewind the tree to the pristine state. Finally the script should exit |
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with the status of the real test to let the "git bisect run" command loop |
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determine the eventual outcome of the bisect session. |
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EXAMPLES |
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-------- |
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* Automatically bisect a broken build between v1.2 and HEAD: |
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+ |
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------------ |
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$ git bisect start HEAD v1.2 -- # HEAD is bad, v1.2 is good |
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$ git bisect run make # "make" builds the app |
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------------ |
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* Automatically bisect a test failure between origin and HEAD: |
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------------ |
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$ git bisect start HEAD origin -- # HEAD is bad, origin is good |
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$ git bisect run make test # "make test" builds and tests |
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------------ |
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* Automatically bisect a broken test suite: |
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+ |
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------------ |
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$ cat ~/test.sh |
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#!/bin/sh |
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make || exit 125 # this skips broken builds |
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make test # "make test" runs the test suite |
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$ git bisect start v1.3 v1.1 -- # v1.3 is bad, v1.1 is good |
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$ git bisect run ~/test.sh |
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------------ |
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+ |
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Here we use a "test.sh" custom script. In this script, if "make" |
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fails, we skip the current commit. |
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+ |
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It is safer to use a custom script outside the repository to prevent |
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interactions between the bisect, make and test processes and the |
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script. |
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"make test" should "exit 0", if the test suite passes, and |
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"exit 1" otherwise. |
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* Automatically bisect a broken test case: |
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------------ |
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$ cat ~/test.sh |
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#!/bin/sh |
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make || exit 125 # this skips broken builds |
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~/check_test_case.sh # does the test case passes ? |
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$ git bisect start HEAD HEAD~10 -- # culprit is among the last 10 |
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$ git bisect run ~/test.sh |
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------------ |
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+ |
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Here "check_test_case.sh" should "exit 0" if the test case passes, |
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and "exit 1" otherwise. |
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It is safer if both "test.sh" and "check_test_case.sh" scripts are |
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outside the repository to prevent interactions between the bisect, |
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make and test processes and the scripts. |
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* Automatically bisect a broken test suite: |
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------------ |
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$ git bisect start HEAD HEAD~10 -- # culprit is among the last 10 |
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$ git bisect run sh -c "make || exit 125; ~/check_test_case.sh" |
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------------ |
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+ |
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Does the same as the previous example, but on a single line. |
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Author |
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------ |
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Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> |
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Documentation |
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------------- |
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Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>. |
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GIT |
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--- |
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Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
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