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351 lines
9.8 KiB
351 lines
9.8 KiB
git(7) |
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====== |
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May 2005 |
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NAME |
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---- |
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git - the stupid content tracker |
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SYNOPSIS |
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-------- |
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'git-<command>' <args> |
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DESCRIPTION |
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----------- |
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This is reference information for the core git commands. |
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The Discussion section below contains much useful definition and |
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clarification info - read that first. And of the commands, I suggest |
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reading link:git-update-cache.html[git-update-cache] and |
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link:git-read-tree.html[git-read-tree] first - I wish I had! |
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David Greaves <david@dgreaves.com> |
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08/05/05 |
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Updated by Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> on 2005-05-05 to |
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reflect recent changes. |
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Commands Overview |
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----------------- |
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The git commands can helpfully be split into those that manipulate |
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the repository, the cache and the working fileset, those that |
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interrogate and compare them, and those that moves objects and |
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references between repositories. |
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There are also some ancilliary programs that can be viewed as useful |
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aids for using the core commands but which are unlikely to be used by |
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SCMs layered over git. |
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Manipulation commands |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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link:git-checkout-cache.html[git-checkout-cache]:: |
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Copy files from the cache to the working directory |
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link:git-commit-tree.html[git-commit-tree]:: |
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Creates a new commit object |
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link:git-init-db.html[git-init-db]:: |
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Creates an empty git object database |
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link:git-merge-base.html[git-merge-base]:: |
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Finds as good a common ancestor as possible for a merge |
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link:git-mktag.html[git-mktag]:: |
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Creates a tag object |
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link:git-read-tree.html[git-read-tree]:: |
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Reads tree information into the directory cache |
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link:git-update-cache.html[git-update-cache]:: |
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Modifies the index or directory cache |
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link:git-hash-object.html[git-hash-object]:: |
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Computes the object ID from a file. |
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link:git-write-tree.html[git-write-tree]:: |
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Creates a tree from the current cache |
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Interrogation commands |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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link:git-cat-file.html[git-cat-file]:: |
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Provide content or type information for repository objects |
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link:git-check-files.html[git-check-files]:: |
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Verify a list of files are up-to-date |
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link:git-diff-cache.html[git-diff-cache]:: |
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Compares content and mode of blobs between the cache and repository |
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link:git-diff-files.html[git-diff-files]:: |
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Compares files in the working tree and the cache |
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link:git-diff-tree.html[git-diff-tree]:: |
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Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects |
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link:git-export.html[git-export]:: |
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Exports each commit and a diff against each of its parents |
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link:git-fsck-cache.html[git-fsck-cache]:: |
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Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database |
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link:git-ls-files.html[git-ls-files]:: |
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Information about files in the cache/working directory |
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link:git-ls-tree.html[git-ls-tree]:: |
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Displays a tree object in human readable form |
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link:git-merge-cache.html[git-merge-cache]:: |
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Runs a merge for files needing merging |
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link:git-rev-list.html[git-rev-list]:: |
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Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order |
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link:git-rev-tree.html[git-rev-tree]:: |
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Provides the revision tree for one or more commits |
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link:git-tar-tree.html[git-tar-tree]:: |
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Creates a tar archive of the files in the named tree |
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link:git-unpack-file.html[git-unpack-file]:: |
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Creates a temporary file with a blob's contents |
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link:git-var.html[git-var]:: |
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Displays a git logical variable |
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link:git-verify-pack.html[git-verify-pack]:: |
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Validates packed GIT archive files |
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The interrogate commands may create files - and you can force them to |
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touch the working file set - but in general they don't |
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Synching repositories |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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link:git-clone-script.html[git-clone-script]:: |
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Clones a repository into the current repository (user interface) |
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link:git-clone-pack.html[git-clone-pack]:: |
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Clones a repository into the current repository (engine |
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for ssh and local transport) |
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link:git-fetch-script.html[git-fetch-script]:: |
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Download from a remote repository via various protocols |
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(user interface). |
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link:git-pull-script.html[git-pull-script]:: |
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Fetch from and merge with a remote repository via |
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various protocols (user interface). |
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link:git-http-pull.html[git-http-pull]:: |
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Downloads a remote GIT repository via HTTP |
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link:git-local-pull.html[git-local-pull]:: |
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Duplicates another GIT repository on a local system |
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link:git-ssh-pull.html[git-ssh-pull]:: |
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Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection |
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link:git-send-pack.html[git-send-pack]:: |
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Pushes to a remote repository, intelligently. |
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link:git-receive-pack.html[git-receive-pack]:: |
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Invoked by 'git-send-pack' to receive what is pushed to it. |
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link:git-clone-pack.html[git-clone-pack]:: |
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Clones from a remote repository. |
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link:git-fetch-pack.html[git-fetch-pack]:: |
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Updates from a remote repository. |
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link:git-peek-remote.html[git-peek-remote]:: |
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Lists references on a remote repository using upload-pack protocol. |
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link:git-upload-pack.html[git-upload-pack]:: |
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Invoked by 'git-clone-pack' and 'git-fetch-pack' to push |
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what are asked for. |
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link:git-update-server-info.html[git-update-server-info]:: |
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Updates auxiliary information on a dumb server to help |
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clients discover references and packs on it. |
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Ancilliary Commands |
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------------------- |
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Manipulators: |
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link:git-apply-patch-script.html[git-apply-patch-script]:: |
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Sample script to apply the diffs from git-diff-* |
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link:git-convert-cache.html[git-convert-cache]:: |
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Converts old-style GIT repository |
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link:git-merge-one-file-script.html[git-merge-one-file-script]:: |
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The standard helper program to use with "git-merge-cache" |
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link:git-prune-script.html[git-prune-script]:: |
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Prunes all unreachable objects from the object database |
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link:git-resolve-script.html[git-resolve-script]:: |
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Script used to merge two trees |
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link:git-tag-script.html[git-tag-script]:: |
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An example script to create a tag object signed with GPG |
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Interogators: |
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link:git-diff-helper.html[git-diff-helper]:: |
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Generates patch format output for git-diff-* |
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link:git-ssh-push.html[git-ssh-push]:: |
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Helper "server-side" program used by git-ssh-pull |
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Identifier Terminology |
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---------------------- |
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<object>:: |
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Indicates the sha1 identifier for any type of object |
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<blob>:: |
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Indicates a blob object sha1 identifier |
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<tree>:: |
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Indicates a tree object sha1 identifier |
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<commit>:: |
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Indicates a commit object sha1 identifier |
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<tree-ish>:: |
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Indicates a tree, commit or tag object sha1 identifier. A |
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command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to |
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operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences |
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<commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>. |
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<type>:: |
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Indicates that an object type is required. |
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Currently one of: blob/tree/commit/tag |
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<file>:: |
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Indicates a filename - always relative to the root of |
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the tree structure GIT_INDEX_FILE describes. |
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Symbolic Identifiers |
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-------------------- |
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Any git comand accepting any <object> can also use the following |
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symbolic notation: |
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HEAD:: |
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indicates the head of the repository (ie the contents of |
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`$GIT_DIR/HEAD`) |
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<tag>:: |
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a valid tag 'name'+ |
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(ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<tag>`) |
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<head>:: |
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a valid head 'name'+ |
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(ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`) |
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<snap>:: |
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a valid snapshot 'name'+ |
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(ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/snap/<snap>`) |
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File/Directory Structure |
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------------------------ |
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The git-core manipulates the following areas in the directory: |
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.git/ The base (overridden with $GIT_DIR) |
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objects/ The object base (overridden with $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY) |
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??/ 'First 2 chars of object' directories. |
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pack/ Packed archives. |
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refs/ Directories containing symbolic names for objects |
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(each file contains the hex SHA1 + newline) |
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heads/ Commits which are heads of various sorts |
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tags/ Tags, by the tag name (or some local renaming of it) |
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*/ Any other subdirectory of refs/ can be used to store |
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files similar to what are under refs/heads/. |
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HEAD Symlink to refs/heads/<current-branch-name> |
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Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the |
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GIT_DIR. |
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Terminology |
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----------- |
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Each line contains terms which you may see used interchangeably |
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object database, .git directory |
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directory cache, index |
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id, sha1, sha1-id, sha1 hash |
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type, tag |
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Environment Variables |
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--------------------- |
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Various git commands use the following environment variables: |
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The git Repository |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it |
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is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above |
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git so take care if using Cogito etc |
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'GIT_INDEX_FILE':: |
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This environment allows the specification of an alternate |
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cache/index file. If not specified, the default of |
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`$GIT_DIR/index` is used. |
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'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY':: |
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If the object storage directory is specified via this |
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environment variable then the sha1 directories are created |
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underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects` |
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directory is used. |
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'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES':: |
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Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be |
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archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable |
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specifies a ":" seperated list of git object directories which |
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can be used to search for git objects. New objects will not be |
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written to these directories. |
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'GIT_DIR':: |
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If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it specifies |
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a path to use instead of `./.git` for the base of the |
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repository. |
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git Commits |
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~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME':: |
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'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL':: |
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'GIT_AUTHOR_DATE':: |
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'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME':: |
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'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL':: |
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see link:git-commit-tree.html[git-commit-tree] |
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git Diffs |
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~~~~~~~~~ |
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'GIT_DIFF_OPTS':: |
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'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF':: |
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see the "generating patches" section in : |
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link:git-diff-cache.html[git-diff-cache]; |
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link:git-diff-files.html[git-diff-files]; |
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link:git-diff-tree.html[git-diff-tree] |
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Discussion |
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---------- |
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include::../README[] |
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Author |
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------ |
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Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>. |
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Documentation |
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-------------- |
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Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>. |
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GIT |
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--- |
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Part of the link:git.html[git] suite |
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