You can not select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
430 lines
14 KiB
430 lines
14 KiB
git-commit(1) |
|
============= |
|
|
|
NAME |
|
---- |
|
git-commit - Record changes to the repository |
|
|
|
SYNOPSIS |
|
-------- |
|
[verse] |
|
'git commit' [-a | --interactive | --patch] [-s] [-v] [-u<mode>] [--amend] |
|
[--dry-run] [(-c | -C | --fixup | --squash) <commit>] |
|
[-F <file> | -m <msg>] [--reset-author] [--allow-empty] |
|
[--allow-empty-message] [--no-verify] [-e] [--author=<author>] |
|
[--date=<date>] [--cleanup=<mode>] [--status | --no-status] |
|
[-i | -o] [--] [<file>...] |
|
|
|
DESCRIPTION |
|
----------- |
|
Stores the current contents of the index in a new commit along |
|
with a log message from the user describing the changes. |
|
|
|
The content to be added can be specified in several ways: |
|
|
|
1. by using 'git add' to incrementally "add" changes to the |
|
index before using the 'commit' command (Note: even modified |
|
files must be "added"); |
|
|
|
2. by using 'git rm' to remove files from the working tree |
|
and the index, again before using the 'commit' command; |
|
|
|
3. by listing files as arguments to the 'commit' command, in which |
|
case the commit will ignore changes staged in the index, and instead |
|
record the current content of the listed files (which must already |
|
be known to git); |
|
|
|
4. by using the -a switch with the 'commit' command to automatically |
|
"add" changes from all known files (i.e. all files that are already |
|
listed in the index) and to automatically "rm" files in the index |
|
that have been removed from the working tree, and then perform the |
|
actual commit; |
|
|
|
5. by using the --interactive or --patch switches with the 'commit' command |
|
to decide one by one which files or hunks should be part of the commit, |
|
before finalizing the operation. See the ``Interactive Mode'' section of |
|
linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate these modes. |
|
|
|
The `--dry-run` option can be used to obtain a |
|
summary of what is included by any of the above for the next |
|
commit by giving the same set of parameters (options and paths). |
|
|
|
If you make a commit and then find a mistake immediately after |
|
that, you can recover from it with 'git reset'. |
|
|
|
|
|
OPTIONS |
|
------- |
|
-a:: |
|
--all:: |
|
Tell the command to automatically stage files that have |
|
been modified and deleted, but new files you have not |
|
told git about are not affected. |
|
|
|
-p:: |
|
--patch:: |
|
Use the interactive patch selection interface to chose |
|
which changes to commit. See linkgit:git-add[1] for |
|
details. |
|
|
|
-C <commit>:: |
|
--reuse-message=<commit>:: |
|
Take an existing commit object, and reuse the log message |
|
and the authorship information (including the timestamp) |
|
when creating the commit. |
|
|
|
-c <commit>:: |
|
--reedit-message=<commit>:: |
|
Like '-C', but with '-c' the editor is invoked, so that |
|
the user can further edit the commit message. |
|
|
|
--fixup=<commit>:: |
|
Construct a commit message for use with `rebase --autosquash`. |
|
The commit message will be the subject line from the specified |
|
commit with a prefix of "fixup! ". See linkgit:git-rebase[1] |
|
for details. |
|
|
|
--squash=<commit>:: |
|
Construct a commit message for use with `rebase --autosquash`. |
|
The commit message subject line is taken from the specified |
|
commit with a prefix of "squash! ". Can be used with additional |
|
commit message options (`-m`/`-c`/`-C`/`-F`). See |
|
linkgit:git-rebase[1] for details. |
|
|
|
--reset-author:: |
|
When used with -C/-c/--amend options, or when committing after a |
|
a conflicting cherry-pick, declare that the authorship of the |
|
resulting commit now belongs of the committer. This also renews |
|
the author timestamp. |
|
|
|
--short:: |
|
When doing a dry-run, give the output in the short-format. See |
|
linkgit:git-status[1] for details. Implies `--dry-run`. |
|
|
|
--branch:: |
|
Show the branch and tracking info even in short-format. |
|
|
|
--porcelain:: |
|
When doing a dry-run, give the output in a porcelain-ready |
|
format. See linkgit:git-status[1] for details. Implies |
|
`--dry-run`. |
|
|
|
-z:: |
|
--null:: |
|
When showing `short` or `porcelain` status output, terminate |
|
entries in the status output with NUL, instead of LF. If no |
|
format is given, implies the `--porcelain` output format. |
|
|
|
-F <file>:: |
|
--file=<file>:: |
|
Take the commit message from the given file. Use '-' to |
|
read the message from the standard input. |
|
|
|
--author=<author>:: |
|
Override the commit author. Specify an explicit author using the |
|
standard `A U Thor <author@example.com>` format. Otherwise <author> |
|
is assumed to be a pattern and is used to search for an existing |
|
commit by that author (i.e. rev-list --all -i --author=<author>); |
|
the commit author is then copied from the first such commit found. |
|
|
|
--date=<date>:: |
|
Override the author date used in the commit. |
|
|
|
-m <msg>:: |
|
--message=<msg>:: |
|
Use the given <msg> as the commit message. |
|
|
|
-t <file>:: |
|
--template=<file>:: |
|
When editing the commit message, start the editor with the |
|
contents in the given file. The `commit.template` configuration |
|
variable is often used to give this option implicitly to the |
|
command. This mechanism can be used by projects that want to |
|
guide participants with some hints on what to write in the message |
|
in what order. If the user exits the editor without editing the |
|
message, the commit is aborted. This has no effect when a message |
|
is given by other means, e.g. with the `-m` or `-F` options. |
|
|
|
-s:: |
|
--signoff:: |
|
Add Signed-off-by line by the committer at the end of the commit |
|
log message. |
|
|
|
-n:: |
|
--no-verify:: |
|
This option bypasses the pre-commit and commit-msg hooks. |
|
See also linkgit:githooks[5]. |
|
|
|
--allow-empty:: |
|
Usually recording a commit that has the exact same tree as its |
|
sole parent commit is a mistake, and the command prevents you |
|
from making such a commit. This option bypasses the safety, and |
|
is primarily for use by foreign SCM interface scripts. |
|
|
|
--allow-empty-message:: |
|
Like --allow-empty this command is primarily for use by foreign |
|
SCM interface scripts. It allows you to create a commit with an |
|
empty commit message without using plumbing commands like |
|
linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]. |
|
|
|
--cleanup=<mode>:: |
|
This option sets how the commit message is cleaned up. |
|
The '<mode>' can be one of 'verbatim', 'whitespace', 'strip', |
|
and 'default'. The 'default' mode will strip leading and |
|
trailing empty lines and #commentary from the commit message |
|
only if the message is to be edited. Otherwise only whitespace |
|
removed. The 'verbatim' mode does not change message at all, |
|
'whitespace' removes just leading/trailing whitespace lines |
|
and 'strip' removes both whitespace and commentary. |
|
|
|
-e:: |
|
--edit:: |
|
The message taken from file with `-F`, command line with |
|
`-m`, and from file with `-C` are usually used as the |
|
commit log message unmodified. This option lets you |
|
further edit the message taken from these sources. |
|
|
|
--amend:: |
|
Used to amend the tip of the current branch. Prepare the tree |
|
object you would want to replace the latest commit as usual |
|
(this includes the usual -i/-o and explicit paths), and the |
|
commit log editor is seeded with the commit message from the |
|
tip of the current branch. The commit you create replaces the |
|
current tip -- if it was a merge, it will have the parents of |
|
the current tip as parents -- so the current top commit is |
|
discarded. |
|
|
|
--no-post-rewrite:: |
|
Bypass the post-rewrite hook. |
|
|
|
+ |
|
-- |
|
It is a rough equivalent for: |
|
------ |
|
$ git reset --soft HEAD^ |
|
$ ... do something else to come up with the right tree ... |
|
$ git commit -c ORIG_HEAD |
|
|
|
------ |
|
but can be used to amend a merge commit. |
|
-- |
|
+ |
|
You should understand the implications of rewriting history if you |
|
amend a commit that has already been published. (See the "RECOVERING |
|
FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in linkgit:git-rebase[1].) |
|
|
|
-i:: |
|
--include:: |
|
Before making a commit out of staged contents so far, |
|
stage the contents of paths given on the command line |
|
as well. This is usually not what you want unless you |
|
are concluding a conflicted merge. |
|
|
|
-o:: |
|
--only:: |
|
Make a commit only from the paths specified on the |
|
command line, disregarding any contents that have been |
|
staged so far. This is the default mode of operation of |
|
'git commit' if any paths are given on the command line, |
|
in which case this option can be omitted. |
|
If this option is specified together with '--amend', then |
|
no paths need to be specified, which can be used to amend |
|
the last commit without committing changes that have |
|
already been staged. |
|
|
|
-u[<mode>]:: |
|
--untracked-files[=<mode>]:: |
|
Show untracked files. |
|
+ |
|
The mode parameter is optional (defaults to 'all'), and is used to |
|
specify the handling of untracked files; when -u is not used, the |
|
default is 'normal', i.e. show untracked files and directories. |
|
+ |
|
The possible options are: |
|
+ |
|
- 'no' - Show no untracked files |
|
- 'normal' - Shows untracked files and directories |
|
- 'all' - Also shows individual files in untracked directories. |
|
+ |
|
The default can be changed using the status.showUntrackedFiles |
|
configuration variable documented in linkgit:git-config[1]. |
|
|
|
-v:: |
|
--verbose:: |
|
Show unified diff between the HEAD commit and what |
|
would be committed at the bottom of the commit message |
|
template. Note that this diff output doesn't have its |
|
lines prefixed with '#'. |
|
|
|
-q:: |
|
--quiet:: |
|
Suppress commit summary message. |
|
|
|
--dry-run:: |
|
Do not create a commit, but show a list of paths that are |
|
to be committed, paths with local changes that will be left |
|
uncommitted and paths that are untracked. |
|
|
|
--status:: |
|
Include the output of linkgit:git-status[1] in the commit |
|
message template when using an editor to prepare the commit |
|
message. Defaults to on, but can be used to override |
|
configuration variable commit.status. |
|
|
|
--no-status:: |
|
Do not include the output of linkgit:git-status[1] in the |
|
commit message template when using an editor to prepare the |
|
default commit message. |
|
|
|
\--:: |
|
Do not interpret any more arguments as options. |
|
|
|
<file>...:: |
|
When files are given on the command line, the command |
|
commits the contents of the named files, without |
|
recording the changes already staged. The contents of |
|
these files are also staged for the next commit on top |
|
of what have been staged before. |
|
|
|
:git-commit: 1 |
|
include::date-formats.txt[] |
|
|
|
EXAMPLES |
|
-------- |
|
When recording your own work, the contents of modified files in |
|
your working tree are temporarily stored to a staging area |
|
called the "index" with 'git add'. A file can be |
|
reverted back, only in the index but not in the working tree, |
|
to that of the last commit with `git reset HEAD -- <file>`, |
|
which effectively reverts 'git add' and prevents the changes to |
|
this file from participating in the next commit. After building |
|
the state to be committed incrementally with these commands, |
|
`git commit` (without any pathname parameter) is used to record what |
|
has been staged so far. This is the most basic form of the |
|
command. An example: |
|
|
|
------------ |
|
$ edit hello.c |
|
$ git rm goodbye.c |
|
$ git add hello.c |
|
$ git commit |
|
------------ |
|
|
|
Instead of staging files after each individual change, you can |
|
tell `git commit` to notice the changes to the files whose |
|
contents are tracked in |
|
your working tree and do corresponding `git add` and `git rm` |
|
for you. That is, this example does the same as the earlier |
|
example if there is no other change in your working tree: |
|
|
|
------------ |
|
$ edit hello.c |
|
$ rm goodbye.c |
|
$ git commit -a |
|
------------ |
|
|
|
The command `git commit -a` first looks at your working tree, |
|
notices that you have modified hello.c and removed goodbye.c, |
|
and performs necessary `git add` and `git rm` for you. |
|
|
|
After staging changes to many files, you can alter the order the |
|
changes are recorded in, by giving pathnames to `git commit`. |
|
When pathnames are given, the command makes a commit that |
|
only records the changes made to the named paths: |
|
|
|
------------ |
|
$ edit hello.c hello.h |
|
$ git add hello.c hello.h |
|
$ edit Makefile |
|
$ git commit Makefile |
|
------------ |
|
|
|
This makes a commit that records the modification to `Makefile`. |
|
The changes staged for `hello.c` and `hello.h` are not included |
|
in the resulting commit. However, their changes are not lost -- |
|
they are still staged and merely held back. After the above |
|
sequence, if you do: |
|
|
|
------------ |
|
$ git commit |
|
------------ |
|
|
|
this second commit would record the changes to `hello.c` and |
|
`hello.h` as expected. |
|
|
|
After a merge (initiated by 'git merge' or 'git pull') stops |
|
because of conflicts, cleanly merged |
|
paths are already staged to be committed for you, and paths that |
|
conflicted are left in unmerged state. You would have to first |
|
check which paths are conflicting with 'git status' |
|
and after fixing them manually in your working tree, you would |
|
stage the result as usual with 'git add': |
|
|
|
------------ |
|
$ git status | grep unmerged |
|
unmerged: hello.c |
|
$ edit hello.c |
|
$ git add hello.c |
|
------------ |
|
|
|
After resolving conflicts and staging the result, `git ls-files -u` |
|
would stop mentioning the conflicted path. When you are done, |
|
run `git commit` to finally record the merge: |
|
|
|
------------ |
|
$ git commit |
|
------------ |
|
|
|
As with the case to record your own changes, you can use `-a` |
|
option to save typing. One difference is that during a merge |
|
resolution, you cannot use `git commit` with pathnames to |
|
alter the order the changes are committed, because the merge |
|
should be recorded as a single commit. In fact, the command |
|
refuses to run when given pathnames (but see `-i` option). |
|
|
|
|
|
DISCUSSION |
|
---------- |
|
|
|
Though not required, it's a good idea to begin the commit message |
|
with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the |
|
change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description. |
|
Tools that turn commits into email, for example, use the first line |
|
on the Subject: line and the rest of the commit in the body. |
|
|
|
include::i18n.txt[] |
|
|
|
ENVIRONMENT AND CONFIGURATION VARIABLES |
|
--------------------------------------- |
|
The editor used to edit the commit log message will be chosen from the |
|
GIT_EDITOR environment variable, the core.editor configuration variable, the |
|
VISUAL environment variable, or the EDITOR environment variable (in that |
|
order). See linkgit:git-var[1] for details. |
|
|
|
HOOKS |
|
----- |
|
This command can run `commit-msg`, `prepare-commit-msg`, `pre-commit`, |
|
and `post-commit` hooks. See linkgit:githooks[5] for more |
|
information. |
|
|
|
FILES |
|
----- |
|
|
|
`$GIT_DIR/COMMIT_EDITMSG`:: |
|
This file contains the commit message of a commit in progress. |
|
If `git commit` exits due to an error before creating a commit, |
|
any commit message that has been provided by the user (e.g., in |
|
an editor session) will be available in this file, but will be |
|
overwritten by the next invocation of `git commit`. |
|
|
|
SEE ALSO |
|
-------- |
|
linkgit:git-add[1], |
|
linkgit:git-rm[1], |
|
linkgit:git-mv[1], |
|
linkgit:git-merge[1], |
|
linkgit:git-commit-tree[1] |
|
|
|
GIT |
|
--- |
|
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
|
|
|