You can not select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
437 lines
14 KiB
437 lines
14 KiB
git-rev-parse(1) |
|
================ |
|
|
|
NAME |
|
---- |
|
git-rev-parse - Pick out and massage parameters |
|
|
|
|
|
SYNOPSIS |
|
-------- |
|
'git rev-parse' [ --option ] <args>... |
|
|
|
DESCRIPTION |
|
----------- |
|
|
|
Many git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags |
|
(i.e. parameters that begin with a dash '-') and parameters |
|
meant for the underlying 'git-rev-list' command they use internally |
|
and flags and parameters for the other commands they use |
|
downstream of 'git-rev-list'. This command is used to |
|
distinguish between them. |
|
|
|
|
|
OPTIONS |
|
------- |
|
--parseopt:: |
|
Use 'git-rev-parse' in option parsing mode (see PARSEOPT section below). |
|
|
|
--keep-dash-dash:: |
|
Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Tells the option parser to echo |
|
out the first `--` met instead of skipping it. |
|
|
|
--revs-only:: |
|
Do not output flags and parameters not meant for |
|
'git-rev-list' command. |
|
|
|
--no-revs:: |
|
Do not output flags and parameters meant for |
|
'git-rev-list' command. |
|
|
|
--flags:: |
|
Do not output non-flag parameters. |
|
|
|
--no-flags:: |
|
Do not output flag parameters. |
|
|
|
--default <arg>:: |
|
If there is no parameter given by the user, use `<arg>` |
|
instead. |
|
|
|
--verify:: |
|
The parameter given must be usable as a single, valid |
|
object name. Otherwise barf and abort. |
|
|
|
-q:: |
|
--quiet:: |
|
Only meaningful in `--verify` mode. Do not output an error |
|
message if the first argument is not a valid object name; |
|
instead exit with non-zero status silently. |
|
|
|
--sq:: |
|
Usually the output is made one line per flag and |
|
parameter. This option makes output a single line, |
|
properly quoted for consumption by shell. Useful when |
|
you expect your parameter to contain whitespaces and |
|
newlines (e.g. when using pickaxe `-S` with |
|
'git-diff-\*'). |
|
|
|
--not:: |
|
When showing object names, prefix them with '{caret}' and |
|
strip '{caret}' prefix from the object names that already have |
|
one. |
|
|
|
--symbolic:: |
|
Usually the object names are output in SHA1 form (with |
|
possible '{caret}' prefix); this option makes them output in a |
|
form as close to the original input as possible. |
|
|
|
--symbolic-full-name:: |
|
This is similar to \--symbolic, but it omits input that |
|
are not refs (i.e. branch or tag names; or more |
|
explicitly disambiguating "heads/master" form, when you |
|
want to name the "master" branch when there is an |
|
unfortunately named tag "master"), and show them as full |
|
refnames (e.g. "refs/heads/master"). |
|
|
|
--all:: |
|
Show all refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs`. |
|
|
|
--branches:: |
|
Show branch refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads`. |
|
|
|
--tags:: |
|
Show tag refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags`. |
|
|
|
--remotes:: |
|
Show tag refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes`. |
|
|
|
--show-prefix:: |
|
When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the |
|
path of the current directory relative to the top-level |
|
directory. |
|
|
|
--show-cdup:: |
|
When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the |
|
path of the top-level directory relative to the current |
|
directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string). |
|
|
|
--git-dir:: |
|
Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined else show the path to the .git directory. |
|
|
|
--is-inside-git-dir:: |
|
When the current working directory is below the repository |
|
directory print "true", otherwise "false". |
|
|
|
--is-inside-work-tree:: |
|
When the current working directory is inside the work tree of the |
|
repository print "true", otherwise "false". |
|
|
|
--is-bare-repository:: |
|
When the repository is bare print "true", otherwise "false". |
|
|
|
--short:: |
|
--short=number:: |
|
Instead of outputting the full SHA1 values of object names try to |
|
abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified |
|
7 is used. The minimum length is 4. |
|
|
|
--since=datestring:: |
|
--after=datestring:: |
|
Parse the date string, and output the corresponding |
|
--max-age= parameter for 'git-rev-list'. |
|
|
|
--until=datestring:: |
|
--before=datestring:: |
|
Parse the date string, and output the corresponding |
|
--min-age= parameter for 'git-rev-list'. |
|
|
|
<args>...:: |
|
Flags and parameters to be parsed. |
|
|
|
|
|
SPECIFYING REVISIONS |
|
-------------------- |
|
|
|
A revision parameter typically, but not necessarily, names a |
|
commit object. They use what is called an 'extended SHA1' |
|
syntax. Here are various ways to spell object names. The |
|
ones listed near the end of this list are to name trees and |
|
blobs contained in a commit. |
|
|
|
* The full SHA1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or |
|
a substring of such that is unique within the repository. |
|
E.g. dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735 and dae86e both |
|
name the same commit object if there are no other object in |
|
your repository whose object name starts with dae86e. |
|
|
|
* An output from 'git-describe'; i.e. a closest tag, followed by a |
|
dash, a `g`, and an abbreviated object name. |
|
|
|
* A symbolic ref name. E.g. 'master' typically means the commit |
|
object referenced by $GIT_DIR/refs/heads/master. If you |
|
happen to have both heads/master and tags/master, you can |
|
explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell git which one you mean. |
|
When ambiguous, a `<name>` is disambiguated by taking the |
|
first match in the following rules: |
|
|
|
. if `$GIT_DIR/<name>` exists, that is what you mean (this is usually |
|
useful only for `HEAD`, `FETCH_HEAD`, `ORIG_HEAD` and `MERGE_HEAD`); |
|
|
|
. otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/<name>` if exists; |
|
|
|
. otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<name>` if exists; |
|
|
|
. otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<name>` if exists; |
|
|
|
. otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/<name>` if exists; |
|
|
|
. otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` if exists. |
|
+ |
|
HEAD names the commit your changes in the working tree is based on. |
|
FETCH_HEAD records the branch you fetched from a remote repository |
|
with your last 'git-fetch' invocation. |
|
ORIG_HEAD is created by commands that moves your HEAD in a drastic |
|
way, to record the position of the HEAD before their operation, so that |
|
you can change the tip of the branch back to the state before you ran |
|
them easily. |
|
MERGE_HEAD records the commit(s) you are merging into your branch |
|
when you run 'git-merge'. |
|
|
|
* A ref followed by the suffix '@' with a date specification |
|
enclosed in a brace |
|
pair (e.g. '\{yesterday\}', '\{1 month 2 weeks 3 days 1 hour 1 |
|
second ago\}' or '\{1979-02-26 18:30:00\}') to specify the value |
|
of the ref at a prior point in time. This suffix may only be |
|
used immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an |
|
existing log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>). Note that this looks up the state |
|
of your *local* ref at a given time; e.g., what was in your local |
|
`master` branch last week. If you want to look at commits made during |
|
certain times, see `--since` and `--until`. |
|
|
|
* A ref followed by the suffix '@' with an ordinal specification |
|
enclosed in a brace pair (e.g. '\{1\}', '\{15\}') to specify |
|
the n-th prior value of that ref. For example 'master@\{1\}' |
|
is the immediate prior value of 'master' while 'master@\{5\}' |
|
is the 5th prior value of 'master'. This suffix may only be used |
|
immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an existing |
|
log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>). |
|
|
|
* You can use the '@' construct with an empty ref part to get at a |
|
reflog of the current branch. For example, if you are on the |
|
branch 'blabla', then '@\{1\}' means the same as 'blabla@\{1\}'. |
|
|
|
* A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter means the first parent of |
|
that commit object. '{caret}<n>' means the <n>th parent (i.e. |
|
'rev{caret}' |
|
is equivalent to 'rev{caret}1'). As a special rule, |
|
'rev{caret}0' means the commit itself and is used when 'rev' is the |
|
object name of a tag object that refers to a commit object. |
|
|
|
* A suffix '{tilde}<n>' to a revision parameter means the commit |
|
object that is the <n>th generation grand-parent of the named |
|
commit object, following only the first parent. I.e. rev~3 is |
|
equivalent to rev{caret}{caret}{caret} which is equivalent to |
|
rev{caret}1{caret}1{caret}1. See below for a illustration of |
|
the usage of this form. |
|
|
|
* A suffix '{caret}' followed by an object type name enclosed in |
|
brace pair (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{commit\}`) means the object |
|
could be a tag, and dereference the tag recursively until an |
|
object of that type is found or the object cannot be |
|
dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf). `rev{caret}0` |
|
introduced earlier is a short-hand for `rev{caret}\{commit\}`. |
|
|
|
* A suffix '{caret}' followed by an empty brace pair |
|
(e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{\}`) means the object could be a tag, |
|
and dereference the tag recursively until a non-tag object is |
|
found. |
|
|
|
* A colon, followed by a slash, followed by a text: this names |
|
a commit whose commit message starts with the specified text. |
|
This name returns the youngest matching commit which is |
|
reachable from any ref. If the commit message starts with a |
|
'!', you have to repeat that; the special sequence ':/!', |
|
followed by something else than '!' is reserved for now. |
|
|
|
* A suffix ':' followed by a path; this names the blob or tree |
|
at the given path in the tree-ish object named by the part |
|
before the colon. |
|
|
|
* A colon, optionally followed by a stage number (0 to 3) and a |
|
colon, followed by a path; this names a blob object in the |
|
index at the given path. Missing stage number (and the colon |
|
that follows it) names a stage 0 entry. During a merge, stage |
|
1 is the common ancestor, stage 2 is the target branch's version |
|
(typically the current branch), and stage 3 is the version from |
|
the branch being merged. |
|
|
|
Here is an illustration, by Jon Loeliger. Both commit nodes B |
|
and C are parents of commit node A. Parent commits are ordered |
|
left-to-right. |
|
|
|
........................................ |
|
G H I J |
|
\ / \ / |
|
D E F |
|
\ | / \ |
|
\ | / | |
|
\|/ | |
|
B C |
|
\ / |
|
\ / |
|
A |
|
........................................ |
|
|
|
A = = A^0 |
|
B = A^ = A^1 = A~1 |
|
C = A^2 = A^2 |
|
D = A^^ = A^1^1 = A~2 |
|
E = B^2 = A^^2 |
|
F = B^3 = A^^3 |
|
G = A^^^ = A^1^1^1 = A~3 |
|
H = D^2 = B^^2 = A^^^2 = A~2^2 |
|
I = F^ = B^3^ = A^^3^ |
|
J = F^2 = B^3^2 = A^^3^2 |
|
|
|
|
|
SPECIFYING RANGES |
|
----------------- |
|
|
|
History traversing commands such as 'git-log' operate on a set |
|
of commits, not just a single commit. To these commands, |
|
specifying a single revision with the notation described in the |
|
previous section means the set of commits reachable from that |
|
commit, following the commit ancestry chain. |
|
|
|
To exclude commits reachable from a commit, a prefix `{caret}` |
|
notation is used. E.g. "`{caret}r1 r2`" means commits reachable |
|
from `r2` but exclude the ones reachable from `r1`. |
|
|
|
This set operation appears so often that there is a shorthand |
|
for it. When you have two commits `r1` and `r2` (named according |
|
to the syntax explained in SPECIFYING REVISIONS above), you can ask |
|
for commits that are reachable from r2 excluding those that are reachable |
|
from r1 by "`{caret}r1 r2`" and it can be written as "`r1..r2`". |
|
|
|
A similar notation "`r1\...r2`" is called symmetric difference |
|
of `r1` and `r2` and is defined as |
|
"`r1 r2 --not $(git merge-base --all r1 r2)`". |
|
It is the set of commits that are reachable from either one of |
|
`r1` or `r2` but not from both. |
|
|
|
Two other shorthands for naming a set that is formed by a commit |
|
and its parent commits exist. The `r1{caret}@` notation means all |
|
parents of `r1`. `r1{caret}!` includes commit `r1` but excludes |
|
all of its parents. |
|
|
|
Here are a handful of examples: |
|
|
|
D G H D |
|
D F G H I J D F |
|
^G D H D |
|
^D B E I J F B |
|
B...C G H D E B C |
|
^D B C E I J F B C |
|
C^@ I J F |
|
F^! D G H D F |
|
|
|
PARSEOPT |
|
-------- |
|
|
|
In `--parseopt` mode, 'git-rev-parse' helps massaging options to bring to shell |
|
scripts the same facilities C builtins have. It works as an option normalizer |
|
(e.g. splits single switches aggregate values), a bit like `getopt(1)` does. |
|
|
|
It takes on the standard input the specification of the options to parse and |
|
understand, and echoes on the standard output a line suitable for `sh(1)` `eval` |
|
to replace the arguments with normalized ones. In case of error, it outputs |
|
usage on the standard error stream, and exits with code 129. |
|
|
|
Input Format |
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
|
|
|
'git-rev-parse --parseopt' input format is fully text based. It has two parts, |
|
separated by a line that contains only `--`. The lines before the separator |
|
(should be more than one) are used for the usage. |
|
The lines after the separator describe the options. |
|
|
|
Each line of options has this format: |
|
|
|
------------ |
|
<opt_spec><flags>* SP+ help LF |
|
------------ |
|
|
|
`<opt_spec>`:: |
|
its format is the short option character, then the long option name |
|
separated by a comma. Both parts are not required, though at least one |
|
is necessary. `h,help`, `dry-run` and `f` are all three correct |
|
`<opt_spec>`. |
|
|
|
`<flags>`:: |
|
`<flags>` are of `*`, `=`, `?` or `!`. |
|
* Use `=` if the option takes an argument. |
|
|
|
* Use `?` to mean that the option is optional (though its use is discouraged). |
|
|
|
* Use `*` to mean that this option should not be listed in the usage |
|
generated for the `-h` argument. It's shown for `--help-all` as |
|
documented in linkgit:gitcli[7]. |
|
|
|
* Use `!` to not make the corresponding negated long option available. |
|
|
|
The remainder of the line, after stripping the spaces, is used |
|
as the help associated to the option. |
|
|
|
Blank lines are ignored, and lines that don't match this specification are used |
|
as option group headers (start the line with a space to create such |
|
lines on purpose). |
|
|
|
Example |
|
~~~~~~~ |
|
|
|
------------ |
|
OPTS_SPEC="\ |
|
some-command [options] <args>... |
|
|
|
some-command does foo and bar! |
|
-- |
|
h,help show the help |
|
|
|
foo some nifty option --foo |
|
bar= some cool option --bar with an argument |
|
|
|
An option group Header |
|
C? option C with an optional argument" |
|
|
|
eval `echo "$OPTS_SPEC" | git rev-parse --parseopt -- "$@" || echo exit $?` |
|
------------ |
|
|
|
EXAMPLES |
|
-------- |
|
|
|
* Print the object name of the current commit: |
|
+ |
|
------------ |
|
$ git rev-parse --verify HEAD |
|
------------ |
|
|
|
* Print the commit object name from the revision in the $REV shell variable: |
|
+ |
|
------------ |
|
$ git rev-parse --verify $REV |
|
------------ |
|
+ |
|
This will error out if $REV is empty or not a valid revision. |
|
|
|
* Same as above: |
|
+ |
|
------------ |
|
$ git rev-parse --default master --verify $REV |
|
------------ |
|
+ |
|
but if $REV is empty, the commit object name from master will be printed. |
|
|
|
|
|
Author |
|
------ |
|
Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> . |
|
Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> and Pierre Habouzit <madcoder@debian.org> |
|
|
|
Documentation |
|
-------------- |
|
Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>. |
|
|
|
GIT |
|
--- |
|
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
|
|
|