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183 lines
5.9 KiB
183 lines
5.9 KiB
gitcredentials(7) |
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================= |
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NAME |
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---- |
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gitcredentials - providing usernames and passwords to Git |
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SYNOPSIS |
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-------- |
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------------------ |
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git config credential.https://example.com.username myusername |
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git config credential.helper "$helper $options" |
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------------------ |
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DESCRIPTION |
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----------- |
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Git will sometimes need credentials from the user in order to perform |
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operations; for example, it may need to ask for a username and password |
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in order to access a remote repository over HTTP. This manual describes |
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the mechanisms Git uses to request these credentials, as well as some |
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features to avoid inputting these credentials repeatedly. |
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REQUESTING CREDENTIALS |
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---------------------- |
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Without any credential helpers defined, Git will try the following |
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strategies to ask the user for usernames and passwords: |
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1. If the `GIT_ASKPASS` environment variable is set, the program |
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specified by the variable is invoked. A suitable prompt is provided |
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to the program on the command line, and the user's input is read |
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from its standard output. |
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2. Otherwise, if the `core.askPass` configuration variable is set, its |
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value is used as above. |
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3. Otherwise, if the `SSH_ASKPASS` environment variable is set, its |
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value is used as above. |
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4. Otherwise, the user is prompted on the terminal. |
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AVOIDING REPETITION |
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------------------- |
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It can be cumbersome to input the same credentials over and over. Git |
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provides two methods to reduce this annoyance: |
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1. Static configuration of usernames for a given authentication context. |
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2. Credential helpers to cache or store passwords, or to interact with |
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a system password wallet or keychain. |
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The first is simple and appropriate if you do not have secure storage available |
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for a password. It is generally configured by adding this to your config: |
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--------------------------------------- |
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[credential "https://example.com"] |
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username = me |
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--------------------------------------- |
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Credential helpers, on the other hand, are external programs from which Git can |
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request both usernames and passwords; they typically interface with secure |
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storage provided by the OS or other programs. |
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To use a helper, you must first select one to use. Git currently |
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includes the following helpers: |
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cache:: |
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Cache credentials in memory for a short period of time. See |
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linkgit:git-credential-cache[1] for details. |
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store:: |
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Store credentials indefinitely on disk. See |
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linkgit:git-credential-store[1] for details. |
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You may also have third-party helpers installed; search for |
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`credential-*` in the output of `git help -a`, and consult the |
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documentation of individual helpers. Once you have selected a helper, |
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you can tell Git to use it by putting its name into the |
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credential.helper variable. |
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1. Find a helper. |
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+ |
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------------------------------------------- |
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$ git help -a | grep credential- |
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credential-foo |
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------------------------------------------- |
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2. Read its description. |
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+ |
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------------------------------------------- |
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$ git help credential-foo |
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------------------------------------------- |
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3. Tell Git to use it. |
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+ |
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------------------------------------------- |
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$ git config --global credential.helper foo |
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------------------------------------------- |
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If there are multiple instances of the `credential.helper` configuration |
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variable, each helper will be tried in turn, and may provide a username, |
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password, or nothing. Once Git has acquired both a username and a |
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password, no more helpers will be tried. |
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CREDENTIAL CONTEXTS |
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------------------- |
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Git considers each credential to have a context defined by a URL. This context |
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is used to look up context-specific configuration, and is passed to any |
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helpers, which may use it as an index into secure storage. |
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For instance, imagine we are accessing `https://example.com/foo.git`. When Git |
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looks into a config file to see if a section matches this context, it will |
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consider the two a match if the context is a more-specific subset of the |
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pattern in the config file. For example, if you have this in your config file: |
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-------------------------------------- |
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[credential "https://example.com"] |
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username = foo |
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-------------------------------------- |
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then we will match: both protocols are the same, both hosts are the same, and |
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the "pattern" URL does not care about the path component at all. However, this |
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context would not match: |
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-------------------------------------- |
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[credential "https://kernel.org"] |
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username = foo |
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-------------------------------------- |
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because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match `foo.example.com`; Git |
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compares hostnames exactly, without considering whether two hosts are part of |
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the same domain. Likewise, a config entry for `http://example.com` would not |
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match: Git compares the protocols exactly. |
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CONFIGURATION OPTIONS |
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--------------------- |
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Options for a credential context can be configured either in |
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`credential.*` (which applies to all credentials), or |
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`credential.<url>.*`, where <url> matches the context as described |
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above. |
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The following options are available in either location: |
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helper:: |
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The name of an external credential helper, and any associated options. |
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If the helper name is not an absolute path, then the string `git |
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credential-` is prepended. The resulting string is executed by the |
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shell (so, for example, setting this to `foo --option=bar` will execute |
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`git credential-foo --option=bar` via the shell. See the manual of |
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specific helpers for examples of their use. |
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username:: |
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A default username, if one is not provided in the URL. |
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useHttpPath:: |
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By default, Git does not consider the "path" component of an http URL |
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to be worth matching via external helpers. This means that a credential |
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stored for `https://example.com/foo.git` will also be used for |
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`https://example.com/bar.git`. If you do want to distinguish these |
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cases, set this option to `true`. |
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CUSTOM HELPERS |
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-------------- |
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You can write your own custom helpers to interface with any system in |
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which you keep credentials. See the documentation for Git's |
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link:technical/api-credentials.html[credentials API] for details. |
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GIT |
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--- |
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Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
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