360 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
360 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
git-clone(1)
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============
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NAME
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----
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git-clone - Clone a repository into a new directory
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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[verse]
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'git clone' [--template=<template_directory>]
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[-l] [-s] [--no-hardlinks] [-q] [-n] [--bare] [--mirror]
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[-o <name>] [-b <name>] [-u <upload-pack>] [--reference <repository>]
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[--dissociate] [--separate-git-dir <git dir>]
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[--depth <depth>] [--[no-]single-branch] [--no-tags]
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[--recurse-submodules[=<pathspec>]] [--[no-]shallow-submodules]
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[--[no-]remote-submodules] [--jobs <n>] [--sparse]
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[--filter=<filter>] [--] <repository>
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[<directory>]
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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Clones a repository into a newly created directory, creates
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remote-tracking branches for each branch in the cloned repository
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(visible using `git branch --remotes`), and creates and checks out an
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initial branch that is forked from the cloned repository's
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currently active branch.
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After the clone, a plain `git fetch` without arguments will update
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all the remote-tracking branches, and a `git pull` without
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arguments will in addition merge the remote master branch into the
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current master branch, if any (this is untrue when "--single-branch"
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is given; see below).
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This default configuration is achieved by creating references to
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the remote branch heads under `refs/remotes/origin` and
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by initializing `remote.origin.url` and `remote.origin.fetch`
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configuration variables.
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OPTIONS
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-------
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-l::
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--local::
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When the repository to clone from is on a local machine,
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this flag bypasses the normal "Git aware" transport
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mechanism and clones the repository by making a copy of
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HEAD and everything under objects and refs directories.
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The files under `.git/objects/` directory are hardlinked
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to save space when possible.
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+
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If the repository is specified as a local path (e.g., `/path/to/repo`),
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this is the default, and --local is essentially a no-op. If the
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repository is specified as a URL, then this flag is ignored (and we
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never use the local optimizations). Specifying `--no-local` will
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override the default when `/path/to/repo` is given, using the regular
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Git transport instead.
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+
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*NOTE*: this operation can race with concurrent modification to the
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source repository, similar to running `cp -r src dst` while modifying
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`src`.
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--no-hardlinks::
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Force the cloning process from a repository on a local
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filesystem to copy the files under the `.git/objects`
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directory instead of using hardlinks. This may be desirable
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if you are trying to make a back-up of your repository.
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-s::
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--shared::
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When the repository to clone is on the local machine,
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instead of using hard links, automatically setup
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`.git/objects/info/alternates` to share the objects
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with the source repository. The resulting repository
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starts out without any object of its own.
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*NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
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it unless you understand what it does. If you clone your
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repository using this option and then delete branches (or use any
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other Git command that makes any existing commit unreferenced) in the
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source repository, some objects may become unreferenced (or dangling).
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These objects may be removed by normal Git operations (such as `git commit`)
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which automatically call `git maintenance run --auto`. (See
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linkgit:git-maintenance[1].) If these objects are removed and were referenced
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by the cloned repository, then the cloned repository will become corrupt.
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+
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Note that running `git repack` without the `--local` option in a repository
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cloned with `--shared` will copy objects from the source repository into a pack
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in the cloned repository, removing the disk space savings of `clone --shared`.
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It is safe, however, to run `git gc`, which uses the `--local` option by
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default.
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If you want to break the dependency of a repository cloned with `--shared` on
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its source repository, you can simply run `git repack -a` to copy all
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objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
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--reference[-if-able] <repository>::
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If the reference repository is on the local machine,
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automatically setup `.git/objects/info/alternates` to
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obtain objects from the reference repository. Using
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an already existing repository as an alternate will
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require fewer objects to be copied from the repository
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being cloned, reducing network and local storage costs.
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When using the `--reference-if-able`, a non existing
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directory is skipped with a warning instead of aborting
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the clone.
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*NOTE*: see the NOTE for the `--shared` option, and also the
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`--dissociate` option.
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--dissociate::
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Borrow the objects from reference repositories specified
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with the `--reference` options only to reduce network
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transfer, and stop borrowing from them after a clone is made
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by making necessary local copies of borrowed objects. This
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option can also be used when cloning locally from a
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repository that already borrows objects from another
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repository--the new repository will borrow objects from the
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same repository, and this option can be used to stop the
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borrowing.
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-q::
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--quiet::
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Operate quietly. Progress is not reported to the standard
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error stream.
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-v::
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--verbose::
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Run verbosely. Does not affect the reporting of progress status
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to the standard error stream.
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--progress::
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Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
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by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless `--quiet`
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is specified. This flag forces progress status even if the
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standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.
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--server-option=<option>::
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Transmit the given string to the server when communicating using
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protocol version 2. The given string must not contain a NUL or LF
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character. The server's handling of server options, including
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unknown ones, is server-specific.
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When multiple `--server-option=<option>` are given, they are all
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sent to the other side in the order listed on the command line.
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-n::
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--no-checkout::
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No checkout of HEAD is performed after the clone is complete.
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--bare::
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Make a 'bare' Git repository. That is, instead of
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creating `<directory>` and placing the administrative
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files in `<directory>/.git`, make the `<directory>`
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itself the `$GIT_DIR`. This obviously implies the `--no-checkout`
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because there is nowhere to check out the working tree.
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Also the branch heads at the remote are copied directly
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to corresponding local branch heads, without mapping
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them to `refs/remotes/origin/`. When this option is
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used, neither remote-tracking branches nor the related
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configuration variables are created.
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--sparse::
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Initialize the sparse-checkout file so the working
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directory starts with only the files in the root
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of the repository. The sparse-checkout file can be
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modified to grow the working directory as needed.
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--filter=<filter-spec>::
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Use the partial clone feature and request that the server sends
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a subset of reachable objects according to a given object filter.
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When using `--filter`, the supplied `<filter-spec>` is used for
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the partial clone filter. For example, `--filter=blob:none` will
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filter out all blobs (file contents) until needed by Git. Also,
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`--filter=blob:limit=<size>` will filter out all blobs of size
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at least `<size>`. For more details on filter specifications, see
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the `--filter` option in linkgit:git-rev-list[1].
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--mirror::
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Set up a mirror of the source repository. This implies `--bare`.
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Compared to `--bare`, `--mirror` not only maps local branches of the
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source to local branches of the target, it maps all refs (including
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remote-tracking branches, notes etc.) and sets up a refspec configuration such
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that all these refs are overwritten by a `git remote update` in the
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target repository.
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-o <name>::
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--origin <name>::
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Instead of using the remote name `origin` to keep track of the upstream
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repository, use `<name>`. Overrides `clone.defaultRemoteName` from the
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config.
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-b <name>::
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--branch <name>::
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Instead of pointing the newly created HEAD to the branch pointed
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to by the cloned repository's HEAD, point to `<name>` branch
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instead. In a non-bare repository, this is the branch that will
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be checked out.
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`--branch` can also take tags and detaches the HEAD at that commit
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in the resulting repository.
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-u <upload-pack>::
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--upload-pack <upload-pack>::
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When given, and the repository to clone from is accessed
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via ssh, this specifies a non-default path for the command
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run on the other end.
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--template=<template_directory>::
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Specify the directory from which templates will be used;
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(See the "TEMPLATE DIRECTORY" section of linkgit:git-init[1].)
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-c <key>=<value>::
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--config <key>=<value>::
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Set a configuration variable in the newly-created repository;
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this takes effect immediately after the repository is
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initialized, but before the remote history is fetched or any
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files checked out. The key is in the same format as expected by
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linkgit:git-config[1] (e.g., `core.eol=true`). If multiple
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values are given for the same key, each value will be written to
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the config file. This makes it safe, for example, to add
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additional fetch refspecs to the origin remote.
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Due to limitations of the current implementation, some configuration
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variables do not take effect until after the initial fetch and checkout.
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Configuration variables known to not take effect are:
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`remote.<name>.mirror` and `remote.<name>.tagOpt`. Use the
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corresponding `--mirror` and `--no-tags` options instead.
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--depth <depth>::
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Create a 'shallow' clone with a history truncated to the
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specified number of commits. Implies `--single-branch` unless
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`--no-single-branch` is given to fetch the histories near the
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tips of all branches. If you want to clone submodules shallowly,
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also pass `--shallow-submodules`.
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--shallow-since=<date>::
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Create a shallow clone with a history after the specified time.
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--shallow-exclude=<revision>::
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Create a shallow clone with a history, excluding commits
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reachable from a specified remote branch or tag. This option
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can be specified multiple times.
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--[no-]single-branch::
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Clone only the history leading to the tip of a single branch,
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either specified by the `--branch` option or the primary
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branch remote's `HEAD` points at.
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Further fetches into the resulting repository will only update the
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remote-tracking branch for the branch this option was used for the
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initial cloning. If the HEAD at the remote did not point at any
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branch when `--single-branch` clone was made, no remote-tracking
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branch is created.
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--no-tags::
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Don't clone any tags, and set
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`remote.<remote>.tagOpt=--no-tags` in the config, ensuring
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that future `git pull` and `git fetch` operations won't follow
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any tags. Subsequent explicit tag fetches will still work,
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(see linkgit:git-fetch[1]).
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Can be used in conjunction with `--single-branch` to clone and
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maintain a branch with no references other than a single cloned
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branch. This is useful e.g. to maintain minimal clones of the default
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branch of some repository for search indexing.
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--recurse-submodules[=<pathspec>]::
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After the clone is created, initialize and clone submodules
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within based on the provided pathspec. If no pathspec is
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provided, all submodules are initialized and cloned.
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This option can be given multiple times for pathspecs consisting
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of multiple entries. The resulting clone has `submodule.active` set to
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the provided pathspec, or "." (meaning all submodules) if no
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pathspec is provided.
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Submodules are initialized and cloned using their default settings. This is
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equivalent to running
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`git submodule update --init --recursive <pathspec>` immediately after
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the clone is finished. This option is ignored if the cloned repository does
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not have a worktree/checkout (i.e. if any of `--no-checkout`/`-n`, `--bare`,
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or `--mirror` is given)
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--[no-]shallow-submodules::
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All submodules which are cloned will be shallow with a depth of 1.
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--[no-]remote-submodules::
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All submodules which are cloned will use the status of the submodule's
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remote-tracking branch to update the submodule, rather than the
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superproject's recorded SHA-1. Equivalent to passing `--remote` to
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`git submodule update`.
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--separate-git-dir=<git dir>::
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Instead of placing the cloned repository where it is supposed
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to be, place the cloned repository at the specified directory,
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then make a filesystem-agnostic Git symbolic link to there.
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The result is Git repository can be separated from working
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tree.
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-j <n>::
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--jobs <n>::
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The number of submodules fetched at the same time.
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Defaults to the `submodule.fetchJobs` option.
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<repository>::
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The (possibly remote) repository to clone from. See the
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<<URLS,GIT URLS>> section below for more information on specifying
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repositories.
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<directory>::
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The name of a new directory to clone into. The "humanish"
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part of the source repository is used if no directory is
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explicitly given (`repo` for `/path/to/repo.git` and `foo`
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for `host.xz:foo/.git`). Cloning into an existing directory
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is only allowed if the directory is empty.
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:git-clone: 1
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include::urls.txt[]
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EXAMPLES
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--------
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* Clone from upstream:
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------------
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$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux.git my-linux
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$ cd my-linux
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$ make
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------------
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* Make a local clone that borrows from the current directory, without checking things out:
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------------
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$ git clone -l -s -n . ../copy
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$ cd ../copy
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$ git show-branch
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------------
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* Clone from upstream while borrowing from an existing local directory:
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------------
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$ git clone --reference /git/linux.git \
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux.git \
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my-linux
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$ cd my-linux
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------------
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* Create a bare repository to publish your changes to the public:
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------------
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$ git clone --bare -l /home/proj/.git /pub/scm/proj.git
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------------
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GIT
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---
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Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
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