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961 lines
32 KiB
961 lines
32 KiB
gitattributes(5) |
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================ |
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NAME |
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---- |
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gitattributes - defining attributes per path |
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SYNOPSIS |
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-------- |
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$GIT_DIR/info/attributes, .gitattributes |
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DESCRIPTION |
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----------- |
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A `gitattributes` file is a simple text file that gives |
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`attributes` to pathnames. |
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Each line in `gitattributes` file is of form: |
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pattern attr1 attr2 ... |
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That is, a pattern followed by an attributes list, |
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separated by whitespaces. When the pattern matches the |
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path in question, the attributes listed on the line are given to |
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the path. |
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Each attribute can be in one of these states for a given path: |
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Set:: |
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The path has the attribute with special value "true"; |
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this is specified by listing only the name of the |
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attribute in the attribute list. |
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Unset:: |
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The path has the attribute with special value "false"; |
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this is specified by listing the name of the attribute |
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prefixed with a dash `-` in the attribute list. |
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Set to a value:: |
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The path has the attribute with specified string value; |
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this is specified by listing the name of the attribute |
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followed by an equal sign `=` and its value in the |
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attribute list. |
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Unspecified:: |
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No pattern matches the path, and nothing says if |
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the path has or does not have the attribute, the |
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attribute for the path is said to be Unspecified. |
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When more than one pattern matches the path, a later line |
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overrides an earlier line. This overriding is done per |
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attribute. The rules how the pattern matches paths are the |
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same as in `.gitignore` files; see linkgit:gitignore[5]. |
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When deciding what attributes are assigned to a path, git |
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consults `$GIT_DIR/info/attributes` file (which has the highest |
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precedence), `.gitattributes` file in the same directory as the |
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path in question, and its parent directories up to the toplevel of the |
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work tree (the further the directory that contains `.gitattributes` |
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is from the path in question, the lower its precedence). Finally |
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global and system-wide files are considered (they have the lowest |
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precedence). |
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If you wish to affect only a single repository (i.e., to assign |
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attributes to files that are particular to |
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one user's workflow for that repository), then |
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attributes should be placed in the `$GIT_DIR/info/attributes` file. |
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Attributes which should be version-controlled and distributed to other |
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repositories (i.e., attributes of interest to all users) should go into |
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`.gitattributes` files. Attributes that should affect all repositories |
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for a single user should be placed in a file specified by the |
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`core.attributesfile` configuration option (see linkgit:git-config[1]). |
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Attributes for all users on a system should be placed in the |
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`$(prefix)/etc/gitattributes` file. |
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Sometimes you would need to override an setting of an attribute |
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for a path to `Unspecified` state. This can be done by listing |
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the name of the attribute prefixed with an exclamation point `!`. |
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EFFECTS |
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------- |
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Certain operations by git can be influenced by assigning |
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particular attributes to a path. Currently, the following |
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operations are attributes-aware. |
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Checking-out and checking-in |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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These attributes affect how the contents stored in the |
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repository are copied to the working tree files when commands |
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such as 'git checkout' and 'git merge' run. They also affect how |
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git stores the contents you prepare in the working tree in the |
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repository upon 'git add' and 'git commit'. |
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`text` |
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^^^^^^ |
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This attribute enables and controls end-of-line normalization. When a |
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text file is normalized, its line endings are converted to LF in the |
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repository. To control what line ending style is used in the working |
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directory, use the `eol` attribute for a single file and the |
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`core.eol` configuration variable for all text files. |
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Set:: |
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Setting the `text` attribute on a path enables end-of-line |
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normalization and marks the path as a text file. End-of-line |
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conversion takes place without guessing the content type. |
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Unset:: |
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Unsetting the `text` attribute on a path tells git not to |
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attempt any end-of-line conversion upon checkin or checkout. |
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Set to string value "auto":: |
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When `text` is set to "auto", the path is marked for automatic |
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end-of-line normalization. If git decides that the content is |
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text, its line endings are normalized to LF on checkin. |
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Unspecified:: |
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If the `text` attribute is unspecified, git uses the |
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`core.autocrlf` configuration variable to determine if the |
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file should be converted. |
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Any other value causes git to act as if `text` has been left |
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unspecified. |
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`eol` |
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^^^^^ |
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This attribute sets a specific line-ending style to be used in the |
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working directory. It enables end-of-line normalization without any |
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content checks, effectively setting the `text` attribute. |
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Set to string value "crlf":: |
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This setting forces git to normalize line endings for this |
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file on checkin and convert them to CRLF when the file is |
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checked out. |
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Set to string value "lf":: |
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This setting forces git to normalize line endings to LF on |
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checkin and prevents conversion to CRLF when the file is |
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checked out. |
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Backwards compatibility with `crlf` attribute |
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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For backwards compatibility, the `crlf` attribute is interpreted as |
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follows: |
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------------------------ |
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crlf text |
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-crlf -text |
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crlf=input eol=lf |
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------------------------ |
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End-of-line conversion |
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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While git normally leaves file contents alone, it can be configured to |
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normalize line endings to LF in the repository and, optionally, to |
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convert them to CRLF when files are checked out. |
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Here is an example that will make git normalize .txt, .vcproj and .sh |
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files, ensure that .vcproj files have CRLF and .sh files have LF in |
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the working directory, and prevent .jpg files from being normalized |
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regardless of their content. |
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------------------------ |
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*.txt text |
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*.vcproj eol=crlf |
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*.sh eol=lf |
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*.jpg -text |
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------------------------ |
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Other source code management systems normalize all text files in their |
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repositories, and there are two ways to enable similar automatic |
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normalization in git. |
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If you simply want to have CRLF line endings in your working directory |
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regardless of the repository you are working with, you can set the |
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config variable "core.autocrlf" without changing any attributes. |
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------------------------ |
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[core] |
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autocrlf = true |
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------------------------ |
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This does not force normalization of all text files, but does ensure |
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that text files that you introduce to the repository have their line |
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endings normalized to LF when they are added, and that files that are |
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already normalized in the repository stay normalized. |
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If you want to interoperate with a source code management system that |
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enforces end-of-line normalization, or you simply want all text files |
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in your repository to be normalized, you should instead set the `text` |
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attribute to "auto" for _all_ files. |
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------------------------ |
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* text=auto |
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------------------------ |
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This ensures that all files that git considers to be text will have |
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normalized (LF) line endings in the repository. The `core.eol` |
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configuration variable controls which line endings git will use for |
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normalized files in your working directory; the default is to use the |
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native line ending for your platform, or CRLF if `core.autocrlf` is |
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set. |
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NOTE: When `text=auto` normalization is enabled in an existing |
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repository, any text files containing CRLFs should be normalized. If |
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they are not they will be normalized the next time someone tries to |
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change them, causing unfortunate misattribution. From a clean working |
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directory: |
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------------------------------------------------- |
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$ echo "* text=auto" >>.gitattributes |
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$ rm .git/index # Remove the index to force git to |
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$ git reset # re-scan the working directory |
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$ git status # Show files that will be normalized |
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$ git add -u |
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$ git add .gitattributes |
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$ git commit -m "Introduce end-of-line normalization" |
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------------------------------------------------- |
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If any files that should not be normalized show up in 'git status', |
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unset their `text` attribute before running 'git add -u'. |
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------------------------ |
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manual.pdf -text |
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------------------------ |
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Conversely, text files that git does not detect can have normalization |
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enabled manually. |
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------------------------ |
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weirdchars.txt text |
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------------------------ |
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If `core.safecrlf` is set to "true" or "warn", git verifies if |
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the conversion is reversible for the current setting of |
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`core.autocrlf`. For "true", git rejects irreversible |
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conversions; for "warn", git only prints a warning but accepts |
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an irreversible conversion. The safety triggers to prevent such |
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a conversion done to the files in the work tree, but there are a |
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few exceptions. Even though... |
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- 'git add' itself does not touch the files in the work tree, the |
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next checkout would, so the safety triggers; |
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- 'git apply' to update a text file with a patch does touch the files |
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in the work tree, but the operation is about text files and CRLF |
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conversion is about fixing the line ending inconsistencies, so the |
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safety does not trigger; |
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- 'git diff' itself does not touch the files in the work tree, it is |
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often run to inspect the changes you intend to next 'git add'. To |
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catch potential problems early, safety triggers. |
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`ident` |
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^^^^^^^ |
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When the attribute `ident` is set for a path, git replaces |
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`$Id$` in the blob object with `$Id:`, followed by the |
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40-character hexadecimal blob object name, followed by a dollar |
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sign `$` upon checkout. Any byte sequence that begins with |
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`$Id:` and ends with `$` in the worktree file is replaced |
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with `$Id$` upon check-in. |
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`filter` |
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^^^^^^^^ |
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A `filter` attribute can be set to a string value that names a |
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filter driver specified in the configuration. |
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A filter driver consists of a `clean` command and a `smudge` |
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command, either of which can be left unspecified. Upon |
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checkout, when the `smudge` command is specified, the command is |
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fed the blob object from its standard input, and its standard |
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output is used to update the worktree file. Similarly, the |
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`clean` command is used to convert the contents of worktree file |
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upon checkin. |
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A missing filter driver definition in the config is not an error |
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but makes the filter a no-op passthru. |
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The content filtering is done to massage the content into a |
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shape that is more convenient for the platform, filesystem, and |
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the user to use. The key phrase here is "more convenient" and not |
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"turning something unusable into usable". In other words, the |
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intent is that if someone unsets the filter driver definition, |
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or does not have the appropriate filter program, the project |
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should still be usable. |
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For example, in .gitattributes, you would assign the `filter` |
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attribute for paths. |
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------------------------ |
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*.c filter=indent |
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------------------------ |
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Then you would define a "filter.indent.clean" and "filter.indent.smudge" |
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configuration in your .git/config to specify a pair of commands to |
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modify the contents of C programs when the source files are checked |
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in ("clean" is run) and checked out (no change is made because the |
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command is "cat"). |
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------------------------ |
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[filter "indent"] |
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clean = indent |
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smudge = cat |
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------------------------ |
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For best results, `clean` should not alter its output further if it is |
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run twice ("clean->clean" should be equivalent to "clean"), and |
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multiple `smudge` commands should not alter `clean`'s output |
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("smudge->smudge->clean" should be equivalent to "clean"). See the |
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section on merging below. |
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The "indent" filter is well-behaved in this regard: it will not modify |
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input that is already correctly indented. In this case, the lack of a |
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smudge filter means that the clean filter _must_ accept its own output |
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without modifying it. |
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Sequence "%f" on the filter command line is replaced with the name of |
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the file the filter is working on. A filter might use this in keyword |
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substitution. For example: |
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------------------------ |
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[filter "p4"] |
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clean = git-p4-filter --clean %f |
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smudge = git-p4-filter --smudge %f |
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------------------------ |
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Interaction between checkin/checkout attributes |
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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In the check-in codepath, the worktree file is first converted |
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with `filter` driver (if specified and corresponding driver |
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defined), then the result is processed with `ident` (if |
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specified), and then finally with `text` (again, if specified |
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and applicable). |
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In the check-out codepath, the blob content is first converted |
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with `text`, and then `ident` and fed to `filter`. |
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Merging branches with differing checkin/checkout attributes |
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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If you have added attributes to a file that cause the canonical |
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repository format for that file to change, such as adding a |
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clean/smudge filter or text/eol/ident attributes, merging anything |
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where the attribute is not in place would normally cause merge |
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conflicts. |
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To prevent these unnecessary merge conflicts, git can be told to run a |
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virtual check-out and check-in of all three stages of a file when |
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resolving a three-way merge by setting the `merge.renormalize` |
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configuration variable. This prevents changes caused by check-in |
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conversion from causing spurious merge conflicts when a converted file |
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is merged with an unconverted file. |
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As long as a "smudge->clean" results in the same output as a "clean" |
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even on files that are already smudged, this strategy will |
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automatically resolve all filter-related conflicts. Filters that do |
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not act in this way may cause additional merge conflicts that must be |
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resolved manually. |
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Generating diff text |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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`diff` |
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^^^^^^ |
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The attribute `diff` affects how 'git' generates diffs for particular |
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files. It can tell git whether to generate a textual patch for the path |
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or to treat the path as a binary file. It can also affect what line is |
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shown on the hunk header `@@ -k,l +n,m @@` line, tell git to use an |
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external command to generate the diff, or ask git to convert binary |
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files to a text format before generating the diff. |
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Set:: |
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A path to which the `diff` attribute is set is treated |
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as text, even when they contain byte values that |
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normally never appear in text files, such as NUL. |
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Unset:: |
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A path to which the `diff` attribute is unset will |
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generate `Binary files differ` (or a binary patch, if |
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binary patches are enabled). |
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Unspecified:: |
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A path to which the `diff` attribute is unspecified |
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first gets its contents inspected, and if it looks like |
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text, it is treated as text. Otherwise it would |
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generate `Binary files differ`. |
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String:: |
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Diff is shown using the specified diff driver. Each driver may |
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specify one or more options, as described in the following |
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section. The options for the diff driver "foo" are defined |
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by the configuration variables in the "diff.foo" section of the |
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git config file. |
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Defining an external diff driver |
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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The definition of a diff driver is done in `gitconfig`, not |
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`gitattributes` file, so strictly speaking this manual page is a |
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wrong place to talk about it. However... |
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To define an external diff driver `jcdiff`, add a section to your |
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`$GIT_DIR/config` file (or `$HOME/.gitconfig` file) like this: |
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---------------------------------------------------------------- |
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[diff "jcdiff"] |
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command = j-c-diff |
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---------------------------------------------------------------- |
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When git needs to show you a diff for the path with `diff` |
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attribute set to `jcdiff`, it calls the command you specified |
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with the above configuration, i.e. `j-c-diff`, with 7 |
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parameters, just like `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` program is called. |
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See linkgit:git[1] for details. |
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Defining a custom hunk-header |
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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Each group of changes (called a "hunk") in the textual diff output |
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is prefixed with a line of the form: |
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@@ -k,l +n,m @@ TEXT |
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This is called a 'hunk header'. The "TEXT" portion is by default a line |
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that begins with an alphabet, an underscore or a dollar sign; this |
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matches what GNU 'diff -p' output uses. This default selection however |
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is not suited for some contents, and you can use a customized pattern |
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to make a selection. |
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First, in .gitattributes, you would assign the `diff` attribute |
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for paths. |
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------------------------ |
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*.tex diff=tex |
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------------------------ |
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Then, you would define a "diff.tex.xfuncname" configuration to |
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specify a regular expression that matches a line that you would |
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want to appear as the hunk header "TEXT". Add a section to your |
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`$GIT_DIR/config` file (or `$HOME/.gitconfig` file) like this: |
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------------------------ |
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[diff "tex"] |
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xfuncname = "^(\\\\(sub)*section\\{.*)$" |
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------------------------ |
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Note. A single level of backslashes are eaten by the |
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configuration file parser, so you would need to double the |
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backslashes; the pattern above picks a line that begins with a |
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backslash, and zero or more occurrences of `sub` followed by |
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`section` followed by open brace, to the end of line. |
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There are a few built-in patterns to make this easier, and `tex` |
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is one of them, so you do not have to write the above in your |
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configuration file (you still need to enable this with the |
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attribute mechanism, via `.gitattributes`). The following built in |
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patterns are available: |
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- `bibtex` suitable for files with BibTeX coded references. |
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- `cpp` suitable for source code in the C and C++ languages. |
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- `csharp` suitable for source code in the C# language. |
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- `fortran` suitable for source code in the Fortran language. |
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- `html` suitable for HTML/XHTML documents. |
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- `java` suitable for source code in the Java language. |
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- `objc` suitable for source code in the Objective-C language. |
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- `pascal` suitable for source code in the Pascal/Delphi language. |
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- `perl` suitable for source code in the Perl language. |
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- `php` suitable for source code in the PHP language. |
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- `python` suitable for source code in the Python language. |
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- `ruby` suitable for source code in the Ruby language. |
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- `tex` suitable for source code for LaTeX documents. |
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Customizing word diff |
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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|
|
You can customize the rules that `git diff --word-diff` uses to |
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split words in a line, by specifying an appropriate regular expression |
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in the "diff.*.wordRegex" configuration variable. For example, in TeX |
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a backslash followed by a sequence of letters forms a command, but |
|
several such commands can be run together without intervening |
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whitespace. To separate them, use a regular expression in your |
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`$GIT_DIR/config` file (or `$HOME/.gitconfig` file) like this: |
|
|
|
------------------------ |
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[diff "tex"] |
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wordRegex = "\\\\[a-zA-Z]+|[{}]|\\\\.|[^\\{}[:space:]]+" |
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------------------------ |
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|
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A built-in pattern is provided for all languages listed in the |
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previous section. |
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|
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Performing text diffs of binary files |
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
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|
|
Sometimes it is desirable to see the diff of a text-converted |
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version of some binary files. For example, a word processor |
|
document can be converted to an ASCII text representation, and |
|
the diff of the text shown. Even though this conversion loses |
|
some information, the resulting diff is useful for human |
|
viewing (but cannot be applied directly). |
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|
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The `textconv` config option is used to define a program for |
|
performing such a conversion. The program should take a single |
|
argument, the name of a file to convert, and produce the |
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resulting text on stdout. |
|
|
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For example, to show the diff of the exif information of a |
|
file instead of the binary information (assuming you have the |
|
exif tool installed), add the following section to your |
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`$GIT_DIR/config` file (or `$HOME/.gitconfig` file): |
|
|
|
------------------------ |
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[diff "jpg"] |
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textconv = exif |
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------------------------ |
|
|
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NOTE: The text conversion is generally a one-way conversion; |
|
in this example, we lose the actual image contents and focus |
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just on the text data. This means that diffs generated by |
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textconv are _not_ suitable for applying. For this reason, |
|
only `git diff` and the `git log` family of commands (i.e., |
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log, whatchanged, show) will perform text conversion. `git |
|
format-patch` will never generate this output. If you want to |
|
send somebody a text-converted diff of a binary file (e.g., |
|
because it quickly conveys the changes you have made), you |
|
should generate it separately and send it as a comment _in |
|
addition to_ the usual binary diff that you might send. |
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|
|
Because text conversion can be slow, especially when doing a |
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large number of them with `git log -p`, git provides a mechanism |
|
to cache the output and use it in future diffs. To enable |
|
caching, set the "cachetextconv" variable in your diff driver's |
|
config. For example: |
|
|
|
------------------------ |
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[diff "jpg"] |
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textconv = exif |
|
cachetextconv = true |
|
------------------------ |
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|
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This will cache the result of running "exif" on each blob |
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indefinitely. If you change the textconv config variable for a |
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diff driver, git will automatically invalidate the cache entries |
|
and re-run the textconv filter. If you want to invalidate the |
|
cache manually (e.g., because your version of "exif" was updated |
|
and now produces better output), you can remove the cache |
|
manually with `git update-ref -d refs/notes/textconv/jpg` (where |
|
"jpg" is the name of the diff driver, as in the example above). |
|
|
|
Choosing textconv versus external diff |
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
|
|
|
If you want to show differences between binary or specially-formatted |
|
blobs in your repository, you can choose to use either an external diff |
|
command, or to use textconv to convert them to a diff-able text format. |
|
Which method you choose depends on your exact situation. |
|
|
|
The advantage of using an external diff command is flexibility. You are |
|
not bound to find line-oriented changes, nor is it necessary for the |
|
output to resemble unified diff. You are free to locate and report |
|
changes in the most appropriate way for your data format. |
|
|
|
A textconv, by comparison, is much more limiting. You provide a |
|
transformation of the data into a line-oriented text format, and git |
|
uses its regular diff tools to generate the output. There are several |
|
advantages to choosing this method: |
|
|
|
1. Ease of use. It is often much simpler to write a binary to text |
|
transformation than it is to perform your own diff. In many cases, |
|
existing programs can be used as textconv filters (e.g., exif, |
|
odt2txt). |
|
|
|
2. Git diff features. By performing only the transformation step |
|
yourself, you can still utilize many of git's diff features, |
|
including colorization, word-diff, and combined diffs for merges. |
|
|
|
3. Caching. Textconv caching can speed up repeated diffs, such as those |
|
you might trigger by running `git log -p`. |
|
|
|
|
|
Marking files as binary |
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
|
|
|
Git usually guesses correctly whether a blob contains text or binary |
|
data by examining the beginning of the contents. However, sometimes you |
|
may want to override its decision, either because a blob contains binary |
|
data later in the file, or because the content, while technically |
|
composed of text characters, is opaque to a human reader. For example, |
|
many postscript files contain only ascii characters, but produce noisy |
|
and meaningless diffs. |
|
|
|
The simplest way to mark a file as binary is to unset the diff |
|
attribute in the `.gitattributes` file: |
|
|
|
------------------------ |
|
*.ps -diff |
|
------------------------ |
|
|
|
This will cause git to generate `Binary files differ` (or a binary |
|
patch, if binary patches are enabled) instead of a regular diff. |
|
|
|
However, one may also want to specify other diff driver attributes. For |
|
example, you might want to use `textconv` to convert postscript files to |
|
an ascii representation for human viewing, but otherwise treat them as |
|
binary files. You cannot specify both `-diff` and `diff=ps` attributes. |
|
The solution is to use the `diff.*.binary` config option: |
|
|
|
------------------------ |
|
[diff "ps"] |
|
textconv = ps2ascii |
|
binary = true |
|
------------------------ |
|
|
|
Performing a three-way merge |
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
|
|
|
`merge` |
|
^^^^^^^ |
|
|
|
The attribute `merge` affects how three versions of a file are |
|
merged when a file-level merge is necessary during `git merge`, |
|
and other commands such as `git revert` and `git cherry-pick`. |
|
|
|
Set:: |
|
|
|
Built-in 3-way merge driver is used to merge the |
|
contents in a way similar to 'merge' command of `RCS` |
|
suite. This is suitable for ordinary text files. |
|
|
|
Unset:: |
|
|
|
Take the version from the current branch as the |
|
tentative merge result, and declare that the merge has |
|
conflicts. This is suitable for binary files that do |
|
not have a well-defined merge semantics. |
|
|
|
Unspecified:: |
|
|
|
By default, this uses the same built-in 3-way merge |
|
driver as is the case when the `merge` attribute is set. |
|
However, the `merge.default` configuration variable can name |
|
different merge driver to be used with paths for which the |
|
`merge` attribute is unspecified. |
|
|
|
String:: |
|
|
|
3-way merge is performed using the specified custom |
|
merge driver. The built-in 3-way merge driver can be |
|
explicitly specified by asking for "text" driver; the |
|
built-in "take the current branch" driver can be |
|
requested with "binary". |
|
|
|
|
|
Built-in merge drivers |
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
|
|
|
There are a few built-in low-level merge drivers defined that |
|
can be asked for via the `merge` attribute. |
|
|
|
text:: |
|
|
|
Usual 3-way file level merge for text files. Conflicted |
|
regions are marked with conflict markers `<<<<<<<`, |
|
`=======` and `>>>>>>>`. The version from your branch |
|
appears before the `=======` marker, and the version |
|
from the merged branch appears after the `=======` |
|
marker. |
|
|
|
binary:: |
|
|
|
Keep the version from your branch in the work tree, but |
|
leave the path in the conflicted state for the user to |
|
sort out. |
|
|
|
union:: |
|
|
|
Run 3-way file level merge for text files, but take |
|
lines from both versions, instead of leaving conflict |
|
markers. This tends to leave the added lines in the |
|
resulting file in random order and the user should |
|
verify the result. Do not use this if you do not |
|
understand the implications. |
|
|
|
|
|
Defining a custom merge driver |
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
|
|
|
The definition of a merge driver is done in the `.git/config` |
|
file, not in the `gitattributes` file, so strictly speaking this |
|
manual page is a wrong place to talk about it. However... |
|
|
|
To define a custom merge driver `filfre`, add a section to your |
|
`$GIT_DIR/config` file (or `$HOME/.gitconfig` file) like this: |
|
|
|
---------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
[merge "filfre"] |
|
name = feel-free merge driver |
|
driver = filfre %O %A %B |
|
recursive = binary |
|
---------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
|
The `merge.*.name` variable gives the driver a human-readable |
|
name. |
|
|
|
The `merge.*.driver` variable's value is used to construct a |
|
command to run to merge ancestor's version (`%O`), current |
|
version (`%A`) and the other branches' version (`%B`). These |
|
three tokens are replaced with the names of temporary files that |
|
hold the contents of these versions when the command line is |
|
built. Additionally, %L will be replaced with the conflict marker |
|
size (see below). |
|
|
|
The merge driver is expected to leave the result of the merge in |
|
the file named with `%A` by overwriting it, and exit with zero |
|
status if it managed to merge them cleanly, or non-zero if there |
|
were conflicts. |
|
|
|
The `merge.*.recursive` variable specifies what other merge |
|
driver to use when the merge driver is called for an internal |
|
merge between common ancestors, when there are more than one. |
|
When left unspecified, the driver itself is used for both |
|
internal merge and the final merge. |
|
|
|
|
|
`conflict-marker-size` |
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
|
|
|
This attribute controls the length of conflict markers left in |
|
the work tree file during a conflicted merge. Only setting to |
|
the value to a positive integer has any meaningful effect. |
|
|
|
For example, this line in `.gitattributes` can be used to tell the merge |
|
machinery to leave much longer (instead of the usual 7-character-long) |
|
conflict markers when merging the file `Documentation/git-merge.txt` |
|
results in a conflict. |
|
|
|
------------------------ |
|
Documentation/git-merge.txt conflict-marker-size=32 |
|
------------------------ |
|
|
|
|
|
Checking whitespace errors |
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
|
|
|
`whitespace` |
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
|
|
|
The `core.whitespace` configuration variable allows you to define what |
|
'diff' and 'apply' should consider whitespace errors for all paths in |
|
the project (See linkgit:git-config[1]). This attribute gives you finer |
|
control per path. |
|
|
|
Set:: |
|
|
|
Notice all types of potential whitespace errors known to git. |
|
The tab width is taken from the value of the `core.whitespace` |
|
configuration variable. |
|
|
|
Unset:: |
|
|
|
Do not notice anything as error. |
|
|
|
Unspecified:: |
|
|
|
Use the value of the `core.whitespace` configuration variable to |
|
decide what to notice as error. |
|
|
|
String:: |
|
|
|
Specify a comma separate list of common whitespace problems to |
|
notice in the same format as the `core.whitespace` configuration |
|
variable. |
|
|
|
|
|
Creating an archive |
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
|
|
|
`export-ignore` |
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
|
|
|
Files and directories with the attribute `export-ignore` won't be added to |
|
archive files. |
|
|
|
`export-subst` |
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
|
|
|
If the attribute `export-subst` is set for a file then git will expand |
|
several placeholders when adding this file to an archive. The |
|
expansion depends on the availability of a commit ID, i.e., if |
|
linkgit:git-archive[1] has been given a tree instead of a commit or a |
|
tag then no replacement will be done. The placeholders are the same |
|
as those for the option `--pretty=format:` of linkgit:git-log[1], |
|
except that they need to be wrapped like this: `$Format:PLACEHOLDERS$` |
|
in the file. E.g. the string `$Format:%H$` will be replaced by the |
|
commit hash. |
|
|
|
|
|
Packing objects |
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
|
|
|
`delta` |
|
^^^^^^^ |
|
|
|
Delta compression will not be attempted for blobs for paths with the |
|
attribute `delta` set to false. |
|
|
|
|
|
Viewing files in GUI tools |
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
|
|
|
`encoding` |
|
^^^^^^^^^^ |
|
|
|
The value of this attribute specifies the character encoding that should |
|
be used by GUI tools (e.g. linkgit:gitk[1] and linkgit:git-gui[1]) to |
|
display the contents of the relevant file. Note that due to performance |
|
considerations linkgit:gitk[1] does not use this attribute unless you |
|
manually enable per-file encodings in its options. |
|
|
|
If this attribute is not set or has an invalid value, the value of the |
|
`gui.encoding` configuration variable is used instead |
|
(See linkgit:git-config[1]). |
|
|
|
|
|
USING MACRO ATTRIBUTES |
|
---------------------- |
|
|
|
You do not want any end-of-line conversions applied to, nor textual diffs |
|
produced for, any binary file you track. You would need to specify e.g. |
|
|
|
------------ |
|
*.jpg -text -diff |
|
------------ |
|
|
|
but that may become cumbersome, when you have many attributes. Using |
|
macro attributes, you can define an attribute that, when set, also |
|
sets or unsets a number of other attributes at the same time. The |
|
system knows a built-in macro attribute, `binary`: |
|
|
|
------------ |
|
*.jpg binary |
|
------------ |
|
|
|
Setting the "binary" attribute also unsets the "text" and "diff" |
|
attributes as above. Note that macro attributes can only be "Set", |
|
though setting one might have the effect of setting or unsetting other |
|
attributes or even returning other attributes to the "Unspecified" |
|
state. |
|
|
|
|
|
DEFINING MACRO ATTRIBUTES |
|
------------------------- |
|
|
|
Custom macro attributes can be defined only in the `.gitattributes` |
|
file at the toplevel (i.e. not in any subdirectory). The built-in |
|
macro attribute "binary" is equivalent to: |
|
|
|
------------ |
|
[attr]binary -diff -text |
|
------------ |
|
|
|
|
|
EXAMPLE |
|
------- |
|
|
|
If you have these three `gitattributes` file: |
|
|
|
---------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
(in $GIT_DIR/info/attributes) |
|
|
|
a* foo !bar -baz |
|
|
|
(in .gitattributes) |
|
abc foo bar baz |
|
|
|
(in t/.gitattributes) |
|
ab* merge=filfre |
|
abc -foo -bar |
|
*.c frotz |
|
---------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
|
the attributes given to path `t/abc` are computed as follows: |
|
|
|
1. By examining `t/.gitattributes` (which is in the same |
|
directory as the path in question), git finds that the first |
|
line matches. `merge` attribute is set. It also finds that |
|
the second line matches, and attributes `foo` and `bar` |
|
are unset. |
|
|
|
2. Then it examines `.gitattributes` (which is in the parent |
|
directory), and finds that the first line matches, but |
|
`t/.gitattributes` file already decided how `merge`, `foo` |
|
and `bar` attributes should be given to this path, so it |
|
leaves `foo` and `bar` unset. Attribute `baz` is set. |
|
|
|
3. Finally it examines `$GIT_DIR/info/attributes`. This file |
|
is used to override the in-tree settings. The first line is |
|
a match, and `foo` is set, `bar` is reverted to unspecified |
|
state, and `baz` is unset. |
|
|
|
As the result, the attributes assignment to `t/abc` becomes: |
|
|
|
---------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
foo set to true |
|
bar unspecified |
|
baz set to false |
|
merge set to string value "filfre" |
|
frotz unspecified |
|
---------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GIT |
|
--- |
|
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
|
|
|