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511 lines
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511 lines
17 KiB
git-svn(1) |
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========== |
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NAME |
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---- |
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git-svn - bidirectional operation between a single Subversion branch and git |
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|
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SYNOPSIS |
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-------- |
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'git-svn' <command> [options] [arguments] |
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|
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DESCRIPTION |
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----------- |
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git-svn is a simple conduit for changesets between a single Subversion |
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branch and git. It is not to be confused with gitlink:git-svnimport[1]. |
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They were designed with very different goals in mind. |
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git-svn is designed for an individual developer who wants a |
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bidirectional flow of changesets between a single branch in Subversion |
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and an arbitrary number of branches in git. git-svnimport is designed |
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for read-only operation on repositories that match a particular layout |
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(albeit the recommended one by SVN developers). |
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For importing svn, git-svnimport is potentially more powerful when |
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operating on repositories organized under the recommended |
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trunk/branch/tags structure, and should be faster, too. |
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git-svn mostly ignores the very limited view of branching that |
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Subversion has. This allows git-svn to be much easier to use, |
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especially on repositories that are not organized in a manner that |
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git-svnimport is designed for. |
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COMMANDS |
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-------- |
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-- |
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'init':: |
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Creates an empty git repository with additional metadata |
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directories for git-svn. The Subversion URL must be specified |
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as a command-line argument. Optionally, the target directory |
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to operate on can be specified as a second argument. Normally |
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this command initializes the current directory. |
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'fetch':: |
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Fetch unfetched revisions from the Subversion URL we are |
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tracking. refs/remotes/git-svn will be updated to the |
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latest revision. |
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Note: You should never attempt to modify the remotes/git-svn |
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branch outside of git-svn. Instead, create a branch from |
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remotes/git-svn and work on that branch. Use the 'dcommit' |
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command (see below) to write git commits back to |
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remotes/git-svn. |
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See '<<fetch-args,Additional Fetch Arguments>>' if you are interested in |
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manually joining branches on commit. |
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'dcommit':: |
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Commit all diffs from the current HEAD directly to the SVN |
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repository, and then rebase or reset (depending on whether or |
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not there is a diff between SVN and HEAD). It is recommended |
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that you run git-svn fetch and rebase (not pull) your commits |
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against the latest changes in the SVN repository. |
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This is advantageous over 'commit' (below) because it produces |
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cleaner, more linear history. |
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'log':: |
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This should make it easy to look up svn log messages when svn |
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users refer to -r/--revision numbers. |
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The following features from `svn log' are supported: |
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--revision=<n>[:<n>] - is supported, non-numeric args are not: |
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HEAD, NEXT, BASE, PREV, etc ... |
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-v/--verbose - it's not completely compatible with |
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the --verbose output in svn log, but |
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reasonably close. |
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--limit=<n> - is NOT the same as --max-count, |
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doesn't count merged/excluded commits |
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--incremental - supported |
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New features: |
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--show-commit - shows the git commit sha1, as well |
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--oneline - our version of --pretty=oneline |
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Any other arguments are passed directly to `git log' |
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'commit':: |
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You should consider using 'dcommit' instead of this command. |
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Commit specified commit or tree objects to SVN. This relies on |
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your imported fetch data being up-to-date. This makes |
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absolutely no attempts to do patching when committing to SVN, it |
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simply overwrites files with those specified in the tree or |
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commit. All merging is assumed to have taken place |
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independently of git-svn functions. |
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'rebuild':: |
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Not a part of daily usage, but this is a useful command if |
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you've just cloned a repository (using gitlink:git-clone[1]) that was |
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tracked with git-svn. Unfortunately, git-clone does not clone |
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git-svn metadata and the svn working tree that git-svn uses for |
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its operations. This rebuilds the metadata so git-svn can |
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resume fetch operations. A Subversion URL may be optionally |
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specified at the command-line if the directory/repository you're |
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tracking has moved or changed protocols. |
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'show-ignore':: |
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Recursively finds and lists the svn:ignore property on |
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directories. The output is suitable for appending to |
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the $GIT_DIR/info/exclude file. |
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'commit-diff':: |
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Commits the diff of two tree-ish arguments from the |
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command-line. This command is intended for interopability with |
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git-svnimport and does not rely on being inside an git-svn |
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init-ed repository. This command takes three arguments, (a) the |
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original tree to diff against, (b) the new tree result, (c) the |
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URL of the target Subversion repository. The final argument |
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(URL) may be omitted if you are working from a git-svn-aware |
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repository (that has been init-ed with git-svn). |
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The -r<revision> option is required for this. |
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'graft-branches':: |
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This command attempts to detect merges/branches from already |
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imported history. Techniques used currently include regexes, |
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file copies, and tree-matches). This command generates (or |
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modifies) the $GIT_DIR/info/grafts file. This command is |
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considered experimental, and inherently flawed because |
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merge-tracking in SVN is inherently flawed and inconsistent |
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across different repositories. |
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'multi-init':: |
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This command supports git-svnimport-like command-line syntax for |
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importing repositories that are layed out as recommended by the |
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SVN folks. This is a bit more tolerant than the git-svnimport |
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command-line syntax and doesn't require the user to figure out |
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where the repository URL ends and where the repository path |
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begins. |
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'multi-fetch':: |
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This runs fetch on all known SVN branches we're tracking. This |
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will NOT discover new branches (unlike git-svnimport), so |
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multi-init will need to be re-run (it's idempotent). |
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-- |
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OPTIONS |
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------- |
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-- |
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--shared:: |
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--template=<template_directory>:: |
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Only used with the 'init' command. |
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These are passed directly to gitlink:git-init-db[1]. |
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-r <ARG>:: |
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--revision <ARG>:: |
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Only used with the 'fetch' command. |
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Takes any valid -r<argument> svn would accept and passes it |
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directly to svn. -r<ARG1>:<ARG2> ranges and "{" DATE "}" syntax |
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is also supported. This is passed directly to svn, see svn |
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documentation for more details. |
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This can allow you to make partial mirrors when running fetch. |
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-:: |
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--stdin:: |
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Only used with the 'commit' command. |
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Read a list of commits from stdin and commit them in reverse |
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order. Only the leading sha1 is read from each line, so |
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git-rev-list --pretty=oneline output can be used. |
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--rmdir:: |
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Only used with the 'dcommit', 'commit' and 'commit-diff' commands. |
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Remove directories from the SVN tree if there are no files left |
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behind. SVN can version empty directories, and they are not |
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removed by default if there are no files left in them. git |
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cannot version empty directories. Enabling this flag will make |
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the commit to SVN act like git. |
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repo-config key: svn.rmdir |
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-e:: |
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--edit:: |
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Only used with the 'dcommit', 'commit' and 'commit-diff' commands. |
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Edit the commit message before committing to SVN. This is off by |
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default for objects that are commits, and forced on when committing |
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tree objects. |
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repo-config key: svn.edit |
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-l<num>:: |
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--find-copies-harder:: |
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Only used with the 'dcommit', 'commit' and 'commit-diff' commands. |
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They are both passed directly to git-diff-tree see |
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gitlink:git-diff-tree[1] for more information. |
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[verse] |
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repo-config key: svn.l |
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repo-config key: svn.findcopiesharder |
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-A<filename>:: |
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--authors-file=<filename>:: |
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Syntax is compatible with the files used by git-svnimport and |
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git-cvsimport: |
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------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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loginname = Joe User <user@example.com> |
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------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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If this option is specified and git-svn encounters an SVN |
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committer name that does not exist in the authors-file, git-svn |
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will abort operation. The user will then have to add the |
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appropriate entry. Re-running the previous git-svn command |
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after the authors-file is modified should continue operation. |
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repo-config key: svn.authorsfile |
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-q:: |
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--quiet:: |
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Make git-svn less verbose. This only affects git-svn if you |
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have the SVN::* libraries installed and are using them. |
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--repack[=<n>]:: |
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--repack-flags=<flags> |
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These should help keep disk usage sane for large fetches |
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with many revisions. |
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--repack takes an optional argument for the number of revisions |
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to fetch before repacking. This defaults to repacking every |
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1000 commits fetched if no argument is specified. |
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--repack-flags are passed directly to gitlink:git-repack[1]. |
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repo-config key: svn.repack |
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repo-config key: svn.repackflags |
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-m:: |
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--merge:: |
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-s<strategy>:: |
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--strategy=<strategy>:: |
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These are only used with the 'dcommit' command. |
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Passed directly to git-rebase when using 'dcommit' if a |
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'git-reset' cannot be used (see dcommit). |
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-n:: |
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--dry-run:: |
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This is only used with the 'dcommit' command. |
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Print out the series of git arguments that would show |
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which diffs would be committed to SVN. |
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-- |
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ADVANCED OPTIONS |
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---------------- |
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-- |
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-b<refname>:: |
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--branch <refname>:: |
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Used with 'fetch', 'dcommit' or 'commit'. |
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This can be used to join arbitrary git branches to remotes/git-svn |
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on new commits where the tree object is equivalent. |
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When used with different GIT_SVN_ID values, tags and branches in |
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SVN can be tracked this way, as can some merges where the heads |
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end up having completely equivalent content. This can even be |
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used to track branches across multiple SVN _repositories_. |
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This option may be specified multiple times, once for each |
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branch. |
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repo-config key: svn.branch |
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-i<GIT_SVN_ID>:: |
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--id <GIT_SVN_ID>:: |
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This sets GIT_SVN_ID (instead of using the environment). See the |
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section on |
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'<<tracking-multiple-repos,Tracking Multiple Repositories or Branches>>' |
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for more information on using GIT_SVN_ID. |
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--follow-parent:: |
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This is especially helpful when we're tracking a directory |
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that has been moved around within the repository, or if we |
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started tracking a branch and never tracked the trunk it was |
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descended from. |
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This relies on the SVN::* libraries to work. |
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repo-config key: svn.followparent |
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--no-metadata:: |
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This gets rid of the git-svn-id: lines at the end of every commit. |
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With this, you lose the ability to use the rebuild command. If |
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you ever lose your .git/svn/git-svn/.rev_db file, you won't be |
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able to fetch again, either. This is fine for one-shot imports. |
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The 'git-svn log' command will not work on repositories using this, |
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either. |
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repo-config key: svn.nometadata |
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-- |
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COMPATIBILITY OPTIONS |
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--------------------- |
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-- |
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--upgrade:: |
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Only used with the 'rebuild' command. |
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Run this if you used an old version of git-svn that used |
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"git-svn-HEAD" instead of "remotes/git-svn" as the branch |
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for tracking the remote. |
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--no-ignore-externals:: |
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Only used with the 'fetch' and 'rebuild' command. |
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This command has no effect when you are using the SVN::* |
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libraries with git, svn:externals are always avoided. |
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By default, git-svn passes --ignore-externals to svn to avoid |
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fetching svn:external trees into git. Pass this flag to enable |
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externals tracking directly via git. |
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Versions of svn that do not support --ignore-externals are |
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automatically detected and this flag will be automatically |
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enabled for them. |
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Otherwise, do not enable this flag unless you know what you're |
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doing. |
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repo-config key: svn.noignoreexternals |
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--ignore-nodate:: |
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Only used with the 'fetch' command. |
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By default git-svn will crash if it tries to import a revision |
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from SVN which has '(no date)' listed as the date of the revision. |
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This is repository corruption on SVN's part, plain and simple. |
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But sometimes you really need those revisions anyway. |
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If supplied git-svn will convert '(no date)' entries to the UNIX |
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epoch (midnight on Jan. 1, 1970). Yes, that's probably very wrong. |
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SVN was very wrong. |
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-- |
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Basic Examples |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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Tracking and contributing to a Subversion-managed project: |
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------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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# Initialize a repo (like git init-db): |
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git-svn init http://svn.foo.org/project/trunk |
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# Fetch remote revisions: |
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git-svn fetch |
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# Create your own branch to hack on: |
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git checkout -b my-branch remotes/git-svn |
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# Do some work, and then commit your new changes to SVN, as well as |
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# automatically updating your working HEAD: |
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git-svn dcommit |
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# Something is committed to SVN, rebase the latest into your branch: |
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git-svn fetch && git rebase remotes/git-svn |
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# Append svn:ignore settings to the default git exclude file: |
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git-svn show-ignore >> .git/info/exclude |
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------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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REBASE VS. PULL |
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--------------- |
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Originally, git-svn recommended that the remotes/git-svn branch be |
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pulled from. This is because the author favored 'git-svn commit B' |
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to commit a single head rather than the 'git-svn commit A..B' notation |
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to commit multiple commits. |
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If you use 'git-svn commit A..B' to commit several diffs and you do not |
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have the latest remotes/git-svn merged into my-branch, you should use |
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'git rebase' to update your work branch instead of 'git pull'. 'pull' |
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can cause non-linear history to be flattened when committing into SVN, |
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which can lead to merge commits reversing previous commits in SVN. |
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DESIGN PHILOSOPHY |
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----------------- |
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Merge tracking in Subversion is lacking and doing branched development |
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with Subversion is cumbersome as a result. git-svn does not do |
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automated merge/branch tracking by default and leaves it entirely up to |
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the user on the git side. |
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[[tracking-multiple-repos]] |
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TRACKING MULTIPLE REPOSITORIES OR BRANCHES |
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------------------------------------------ |
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Because git-svn does not care about relationships between different |
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branches or directories in a Subversion repository, git-svn has a simple |
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hack to allow it to track an arbitrary number of related _or_ unrelated |
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SVN repositories via one git repository. Simply use the --id/-i flag or |
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set the GIT_SVN_ID environment variable to a name other other than |
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"git-svn" (the default) and git-svn will ignore the contents of the |
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$GIT_DIR/svn/git-svn directory and instead do all of its work in |
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$GIT_DIR/svn/$GIT_SVN_ID for that invocation. The interface branch will |
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be remotes/$GIT_SVN_ID, instead of remotes/git-svn. Any |
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remotes/$GIT_SVN_ID branch should never be modified by the user outside |
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of git-svn commands. |
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[[fetch-args]] |
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ADDITIONAL FETCH ARGUMENTS |
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-------------------------- |
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This is for advanced users, most users should ignore this section. |
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Unfetched SVN revisions may be imported as children of existing commits |
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by specifying additional arguments to 'fetch'. Additional parents may |
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optionally be specified in the form of sha1 hex sums at the |
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command-line. Unfetched SVN revisions may also be tied to particular |
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git commits with the following syntax: |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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svn_revision_number=git_commit_sha1 |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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This allows you to tie unfetched SVN revision 375 to your current HEAD: |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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git-svn fetch 375=$(git-rev-parse HEAD) |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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Advanced Example: Tracking a Reorganized Repository |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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Note: this example is now obsolete if you have SVN::* libraries |
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installed. Simply use --follow-parent when fetching. |
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If you're tracking a directory that has moved, or otherwise been |
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branched or tagged off of another directory in the repository and you |
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care about the full history of the project, then you can read this |
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section. |
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This is how Yann Dirson tracked the trunk of the ufoai directory when |
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the /trunk directory of his repository was moved to /ufoai/trunk and |
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he needed to continue tracking /ufoai/trunk where /trunk left off. |
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------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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# This log message shows when the repository was reorganized: |
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r166 | ydirson | 2006-03-02 01:36:55 +0100 (Thu, 02 Mar 2006) | 1 line |
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Changed paths: |
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D /trunk |
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A /ufoai/trunk (from /trunk:165) |
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# First we start tracking the old revisions: |
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GIT_SVN_ID=git-oldsvn git-svn init \ |
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https://svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/ufoai/trunk |
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GIT_SVN_ID=git-oldsvn git-svn fetch -r1:165 |
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# And now, we continue tracking the new revisions: |
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GIT_SVN_ID=git-newsvn git-svn init \ |
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https://svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/ufoai/ufoai/trunk |
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GIT_SVN_ID=git-newsvn git-svn fetch \ |
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166=`git-rev-parse refs/remotes/git-oldsvn` |
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------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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BUGS |
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---- |
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If you are not using the SVN::* Perl libraries and somebody commits a |
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conflicting changeset to SVN at a bad moment (right before you commit) |
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causing a conflict and your commit to fail, your svn working tree |
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($GIT_DIR/git-svn/tree) may be dirtied. The easiest thing to do is |
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probably just to rm -rf $GIT_DIR/git-svn/tree and run 'rebuild'. You |
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can avoid this problem entirely by using 'dcommit'. |
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We ignore all SVN properties except svn:executable. Too difficult to |
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map them since we rely heavily on git write-tree being _exactly_ the |
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same on both the SVN and git working trees and I prefer not to clutter |
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working trees with metadata files. |
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Renamed and copied directories are not detected by git and hence not |
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tracked when committing to SVN. I do not plan on adding support for |
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this as it's quite difficult and time-consuming to get working for all |
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the possible corner cases (git doesn't do it, either). Renamed and |
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copied files are fully supported if they're similar enough for git to |
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detect them. |
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SEE ALSO |
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-------- |
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gitlink:git-rebase[1] |
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Author |
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------ |
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Written by Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>. |
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Documentation |
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------------- |
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Written by Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>.
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