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240 lines
7.7 KiB
240 lines
7.7 KiB
git-pull(1) |
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=========== |
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NAME |
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---- |
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git-pull - Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch |
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SYNOPSIS |
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-------- |
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[verse] |
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'git pull' [options] [<repository> [<refspec>...]] |
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DESCRIPTION |
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----------- |
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Incorporates changes from a remote repository into the current |
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branch. In its default mode, `git pull` is shorthand for |
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`git fetch` followed by `git merge FETCH_HEAD`. |
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More precisely, 'git pull' runs 'git fetch' with the given |
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parameters and calls 'git merge' to merge the retrieved branch |
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heads into the current branch. |
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With `--rebase`, it runs 'git rebase' instead of 'git merge'. |
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<repository> should be the name of a remote repository as |
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passed to linkgit:git-fetch[1]. <refspec> can name an |
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arbitrary remote ref (for example, the name of a tag) or even |
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a collection of refs with corresponding remote-tracking branches |
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(e.g., refs/heads/{asterisk}:refs/remotes/origin/{asterisk}), |
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but usually it is the name of a branch in the remote repository. |
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Default values for <repository> and <branch> are read from the |
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"remote" and "merge" configuration for the current branch |
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as set by linkgit:git-branch[1] `--track`. |
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Assume the following history exists and the current branch is |
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"`master`": |
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------------ |
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A---B---C master on origin |
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/ |
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D---E---F---G master |
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------------ |
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Then "`git pull`" will fetch and replay the changes from the remote |
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`master` branch since it diverged from the local `master` (i.e., `E`) |
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until its current commit (`C`) on top of `master` and record the |
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result in a new commit along with the names of the two parent commits |
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and a log message from the user describing the changes. |
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------------ |
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A---B---C remotes/origin/master |
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/ \ |
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D---E---F---G---H master |
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------------ |
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See linkgit:git-merge[1] for details, including how conflicts |
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are presented and handled. |
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In Git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use |
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`git reset --merge`. *Warning*: In older versions of Git, running 'git pull' |
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with uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it leaves you |
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in a state that may be hard to back out of in the case of a conflict. |
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If any of the remote changes overlap with local uncommitted changes, |
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the merge will be automatically cancelled and the work tree untouched. |
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It is generally best to get any local changes in working order before |
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pulling or stash them away with linkgit:git-stash[1]. |
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OPTIONS |
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------- |
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Options meant for 'git pull' itself and the underlying 'git merge' |
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must be given before the options meant for 'git fetch'. |
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-q:: |
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--quiet:: |
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This is passed to both underlying git-fetch to squelch reporting of |
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during transfer, and underlying git-merge to squelch output during |
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merging. |
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-v:: |
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--verbose:: |
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Pass --verbose to git-fetch and git-merge. |
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--[no-]recurse-submodules[=yes|on-demand|no]:: |
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This option controls if new commits of all populated submodules should |
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be fetched too (see linkgit:git-config[1] and linkgit:gitmodules[5]). |
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That might be necessary to get the data needed for merging submodule |
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commits, a feature Git learned in 1.7.3. Notice that the result of a |
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merge will not be checked out in the submodule, "git submodule update" |
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has to be called afterwards to bring the work tree up to date with the |
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merge result. |
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Options related to merging |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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include::merge-options.txt[] |
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:git-pull: 1 |
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-r:: |
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--rebase:: |
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Rebase the current branch on top of the upstream branch after |
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fetching. If there is a remote-tracking branch corresponding to |
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the upstream branch and the upstream branch was rebased since last |
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fetched, the rebase uses that information to avoid rebasing |
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non-local changes. |
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+ |
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See `pull.rebase`, `branch.<name>.rebase` and `branch.autosetuprebase` in |
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linkgit:git-config[1] if you want to make `git pull` always use |
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`--rebase` instead of merging. |
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+ |
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[NOTE] |
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This is a potentially _dangerous_ mode of operation. |
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It rewrites history, which does not bode well when you |
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published that history already. Do *not* use this option |
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unless you have read linkgit:git-rebase[1] carefully. |
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--no-rebase:: |
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Override earlier --rebase. |
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Options related to fetching |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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include::fetch-options.txt[] |
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include::pull-fetch-param.txt[] |
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include::urls-remotes.txt[] |
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include::merge-strategies.txt[] |
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DEFAULT BEHAVIOUR |
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----------------- |
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Often people use `git pull` without giving any parameter. |
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Traditionally, this has been equivalent to saying `git pull |
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origin`. However, when configuration `branch.<name>.remote` is |
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present while on branch `<name>`, that value is used instead of |
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`origin`. |
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In order to determine what URL to use to fetch from, the value |
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of the configuration `remote.<origin>.url` is consulted |
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and if there is not any such variable, the value on `URL: ` line |
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in `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>` file is used. |
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In order to determine what remote branches to fetch (and |
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optionally store in the remote-tracking branches) when the command is |
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run without any refspec parameters on the command line, values |
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of the configuration variable `remote.<origin>.fetch` are |
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consulted, and if there aren't any, `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>` |
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file is consulted and its `Pull: ` lines are used. |
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In addition to the refspec formats described in the OPTIONS |
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section, you can have a globbing refspec that looks like this: |
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------------ |
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refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* |
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------------ |
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A globbing refspec must have a non-empty RHS (i.e. must store |
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what were fetched in remote-tracking branches), and its LHS and RHS |
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must end with `/*`. The above specifies that all remote |
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branches are tracked using remote-tracking branches in |
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`refs/remotes/origin/` hierarchy under the same name. |
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The rule to determine which remote branch to merge after |
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fetching is a bit involved, in order not to break backward |
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compatibility. |
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If explicit refspecs were given on the command |
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line of `git pull`, they are all merged. |
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When no refspec was given on the command line, then `git pull` |
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uses the refspec from the configuration or |
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`$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`. In such cases, the following |
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rules apply: |
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. If `branch.<name>.merge` configuration for the current |
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branch `<name>` exists, that is the name of the branch at the |
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remote site that is merged. |
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. If the refspec is a globbing one, nothing is merged. |
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. Otherwise the remote branch of the first refspec is merged. |
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EXAMPLES |
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-------- |
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* Update the remote-tracking branches for the repository |
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you cloned from, then merge one of them into your |
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current branch: |
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+ |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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$ git pull, git pull origin |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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+ |
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Normally the branch merged in is the HEAD of the remote repository, |
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but the choice is determined by the branch.<name>.remote and |
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branch.<name>.merge options; see linkgit:git-config[1] for details. |
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* Merge into the current branch the remote branch `next`: |
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+ |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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$ git pull origin next |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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This leaves a copy of `next` temporarily in FETCH_HEAD, but |
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does not update any remote-tracking branches. Using remote-tracking |
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branches, the same can be done by invoking fetch and merge: |
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+ |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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$ git fetch origin |
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$ git merge origin/next |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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If you tried a pull which resulted in complex conflicts and |
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would want to start over, you can recover with 'git reset'. |
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BUGS |
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---- |
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Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in already checked |
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out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the |
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just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself can not be |
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fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without |
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having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git |
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version. |
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SEE ALSO |
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-------- |
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linkgit:git-fetch[1], linkgit:git-merge[1], linkgit:git-config[1] |
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GIT |
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--- |
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Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
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