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359 lines
13 KiB
359 lines
13 KiB
git-clone(1) |
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============ |
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NAME |
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---- |
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git-clone - Clone a repository into a new directory |
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SYNOPSIS |
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-------- |
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[verse] |
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'git clone' [--template=<template_directory>] |
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[-l] [-s] [--no-hardlinks] [-q] [-n] [--bare] [--mirror] |
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[-o <name>] [-b <name>] [-u <upload-pack>] [--reference <repository>] |
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[--dissociate] [--separate-git-dir <git dir>] |
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[--depth <depth>] [--[no-]single-branch] [--no-tags] |
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[--recurse-submodules[=<pathspec>]] [--[no-]shallow-submodules] |
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[--[no-]remote-submodules] [--jobs <n>] [--sparse] |
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[--filter=<filter>] [--] <repository> |
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[<directory>] |
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DESCRIPTION |
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----------- |
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Clones a repository into a newly created directory, creates |
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remote-tracking branches for each branch in the cloned repository |
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(visible using `git branch --remotes`), and creates and checks out an |
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initial branch that is forked from the cloned repository's |
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currently active branch. |
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After the clone, a plain `git fetch` without arguments will update |
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all the remote-tracking branches, and a `git pull` without |
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arguments will in addition merge the remote master branch into the |
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current master branch, if any (this is untrue when "--single-branch" |
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is given; see below). |
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This default configuration is achieved by creating references to |
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the remote branch heads under `refs/remotes/origin` and |
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by initializing `remote.origin.url` and `remote.origin.fetch` |
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configuration variables. |
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OPTIONS |
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------- |
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-l:: |
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--local:: |
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When the repository to clone from is on a local machine, |
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this flag bypasses the normal "Git aware" transport |
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mechanism and clones the repository by making a copy of |
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HEAD and everything under objects and refs directories. |
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The files under `.git/objects/` directory are hardlinked |
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to save space when possible. |
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+ |
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If the repository is specified as a local path (e.g., `/path/to/repo`), |
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this is the default, and --local is essentially a no-op. If the |
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repository is specified as a URL, then this flag is ignored (and we |
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never use the local optimizations). Specifying `--no-local` will |
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override the default when `/path/to/repo` is given, using the regular |
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Git transport instead. |
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+ |
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*NOTE*: this operation can race with concurrent modification to the |
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source repository, similar to running `cp -r src dst` while modifying |
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`src`. |
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--no-hardlinks:: |
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Force the cloning process from a repository on a local |
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filesystem to copy the files under the `.git/objects` |
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directory instead of using hardlinks. This may be desirable |
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if you are trying to make a back-up of your repository. |
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-s:: |
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--shared:: |
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When the repository to clone is on the local machine, |
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instead of using hard links, automatically setup |
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`.git/objects/info/alternates` to share the objects |
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with the source repository. The resulting repository |
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starts out without any object of its own. |
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+ |
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*NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use |
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it unless you understand what it does. If you clone your |
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repository using this option and then delete branches (or use any |
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other Git command that makes any existing commit unreferenced) in the |
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source repository, some objects may become unreferenced (or dangling). |
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These objects may be removed by normal Git operations (such as `git commit`) |
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which automatically call `git maintenance run --auto`. (See |
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linkgit:git-maintenance[1].) If these objects are removed and were referenced |
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by the cloned repository, then the cloned repository will become corrupt. |
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+ |
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Note that running `git repack` without the `--local` option in a repository |
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cloned with `--shared` will copy objects from the source repository into a pack |
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in the cloned repository, removing the disk space savings of `clone --shared`. |
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It is safe, however, to run `git gc`, which uses the `--local` option by |
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default. |
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If you want to break the dependency of a repository cloned with `--shared` on |
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its source repository, you can simply run `git repack -a` to copy all |
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objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository. |
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--reference[-if-able] <repository>:: |
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If the reference repository is on the local machine, |
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automatically setup `.git/objects/info/alternates` to |
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obtain objects from the reference repository. Using |
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an already existing repository as an alternate will |
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require fewer objects to be copied from the repository |
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being cloned, reducing network and local storage costs. |
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When using the `--reference-if-able`, a non existing |
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directory is skipped with a warning instead of aborting |
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the clone. |
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+ |
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*NOTE*: see the NOTE for the `--shared` option, and also the |
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`--dissociate` option. |
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--dissociate:: |
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Borrow the objects from reference repositories specified |
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with the `--reference` options only to reduce network |
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transfer, and stop borrowing from them after a clone is made |
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by making necessary local copies of borrowed objects. This |
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option can also be used when cloning locally from a |
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repository that already borrows objects from another |
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repository--the new repository will borrow objects from the |
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same repository, and this option can be used to stop the |
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borrowing. |
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-q:: |
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--quiet:: |
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Operate quietly. Progress is not reported to the standard |
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error stream. |
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-v:: |
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--verbose:: |
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Run verbosely. Does not affect the reporting of progress status |
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to the standard error stream. |
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--progress:: |
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Progress status is reported on the standard error stream |
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by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless `--quiet` |
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is specified. This flag forces progress status even if the |
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standard error stream is not directed to a terminal. |
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--server-option=<option>:: |
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Transmit the given string to the server when communicating using |
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protocol version 2. The given string must not contain a NUL or LF |
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character. The server's handling of server options, including |
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unknown ones, is server-specific. |
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When multiple `--server-option=<option>` are given, they are all |
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sent to the other side in the order listed on the command line. |
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-n:: |
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--no-checkout:: |
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No checkout of HEAD is performed after the clone is complete. |
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--bare:: |
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Make a 'bare' Git repository. That is, instead of |
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creating `<directory>` and placing the administrative |
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files in `<directory>/.git`, make the `<directory>` |
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itself the `$GIT_DIR`. This obviously implies the `--no-checkout` |
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because there is nowhere to check out the working tree. |
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Also the branch heads at the remote are copied directly |
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to corresponding local branch heads, without mapping |
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them to `refs/remotes/origin/`. When this option is |
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used, neither remote-tracking branches nor the related |
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configuration variables are created. |
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--sparse:: |
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Initialize the sparse-checkout file so the working |
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directory starts with only the files in the root |
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of the repository. The sparse-checkout file can be |
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modified to grow the working directory as needed. |
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--filter=<filter-spec>:: |
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Use the partial clone feature and request that the server sends |
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a subset of reachable objects according to a given object filter. |
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When using `--filter`, the supplied `<filter-spec>` is used for |
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the partial clone filter. For example, `--filter=blob:none` will |
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filter out all blobs (file contents) until needed by Git. Also, |
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`--filter=blob:limit=<size>` will filter out all blobs of size |
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at least `<size>`. For more details on filter specifications, see |
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the `--filter` option in linkgit:git-rev-list[1]. |
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--mirror:: |
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Set up a mirror of the source repository. This implies `--bare`. |
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Compared to `--bare`, `--mirror` not only maps local branches of the |
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source to local branches of the target, it maps all refs (including |
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remote-tracking branches, notes etc.) and sets up a refspec configuration such |
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that all these refs are overwritten by a `git remote update` in the |
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target repository. |
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-o <name>:: |
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--origin <name>:: |
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Instead of using the remote name `origin` to keep track of the upstream |
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repository, use `<name>`. Overrides `clone.defaultRemoteName` from the |
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config. |
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-b <name>:: |
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--branch <name>:: |
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Instead of pointing the newly created HEAD to the branch pointed |
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to by the cloned repository's HEAD, point to `<name>` branch |
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instead. In a non-bare repository, this is the branch that will |
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be checked out. |
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`--branch` can also take tags and detaches the HEAD at that commit |
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in the resulting repository. |
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-u <upload-pack>:: |
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--upload-pack <upload-pack>:: |
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When given, and the repository to clone from is accessed |
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via ssh, this specifies a non-default path for the command |
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run on the other end. |
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--template=<template_directory>:: |
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Specify the directory from which templates will be used; |
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(See the "TEMPLATE DIRECTORY" section of linkgit:git-init[1].) |
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-c <key>=<value>:: |
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--config <key>=<value>:: |
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Set a configuration variable in the newly-created repository; |
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this takes effect immediately after the repository is |
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initialized, but before the remote history is fetched or any |
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files checked out. The key is in the same format as expected by |
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linkgit:git-config[1] (e.g., `core.eol=true`). If multiple |
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values are given for the same key, each value will be written to |
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the config file. This makes it safe, for example, to add |
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additional fetch refspecs to the origin remote. |
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+ |
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Due to limitations of the current implementation, some configuration |
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variables do not take effect until after the initial fetch and checkout. |
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Configuration variables known to not take effect are: |
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`remote.<name>.mirror` and `remote.<name>.tagOpt`. Use the |
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corresponding `--mirror` and `--no-tags` options instead. |
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--depth <depth>:: |
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Create a 'shallow' clone with a history truncated to the |
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specified number of commits. Implies `--single-branch` unless |
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`--no-single-branch` is given to fetch the histories near the |
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tips of all branches. If you want to clone submodules shallowly, |
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also pass `--shallow-submodules`. |
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--shallow-since=<date>:: |
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Create a shallow clone with a history after the specified time. |
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--shallow-exclude=<revision>:: |
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Create a shallow clone with a history, excluding commits |
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reachable from a specified remote branch or tag. This option |
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can be specified multiple times. |
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--[no-]single-branch:: |
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Clone only the history leading to the tip of a single branch, |
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either specified by the `--branch` option or the primary |
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branch remote's `HEAD` points at. |
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Further fetches into the resulting repository will only update the |
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remote-tracking branch for the branch this option was used for the |
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initial cloning. If the HEAD at the remote did not point at any |
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branch when `--single-branch` clone was made, no remote-tracking |
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branch is created. |
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--no-tags:: |
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Don't clone any tags, and set |
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`remote.<remote>.tagOpt=--no-tags` in the config, ensuring |
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that future `git pull` and `git fetch` operations won't follow |
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any tags. Subsequent explicit tag fetches will still work, |
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(see linkgit:git-fetch[1]). |
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Can be used in conjunction with `--single-branch` to clone and |
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maintain a branch with no references other than a single cloned |
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branch. This is useful e.g. to maintain minimal clones of the default |
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branch of some repository for search indexing. |
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--recurse-submodules[=<pathspec>]:: |
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After the clone is created, initialize and clone submodules |
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within based on the provided pathspec. If no pathspec is |
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provided, all submodules are initialized and cloned. |
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This option can be given multiple times for pathspecs consisting |
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of multiple entries. The resulting clone has `submodule.active` set to |
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the provided pathspec, or "." (meaning all submodules) if no |
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pathspec is provided. |
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+ |
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Submodules are initialized and cloned using their default settings. This is |
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equivalent to running |
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`git submodule update --init --recursive <pathspec>` immediately after |
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the clone is finished. This option is ignored if the cloned repository does |
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not have a worktree/checkout (i.e. if any of `--no-checkout`/`-n`, `--bare`, |
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or `--mirror` is given) |
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--[no-]shallow-submodules:: |
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All submodules which are cloned will be shallow with a depth of 1. |
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--[no-]remote-submodules:: |
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All submodules which are cloned will use the status of the submodule's |
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remote-tracking branch to update the submodule, rather than the |
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superproject's recorded SHA-1. Equivalent to passing `--remote` to |
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`git submodule update`. |
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--separate-git-dir=<git dir>:: |
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Instead of placing the cloned repository where it is supposed |
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to be, place the cloned repository at the specified directory, |
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then make a filesystem-agnostic Git symbolic link to there. |
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The result is Git repository can be separated from working |
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tree. |
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-j <n>:: |
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--jobs <n>:: |
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The number of submodules fetched at the same time. |
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Defaults to the `submodule.fetchJobs` option. |
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<repository>:: |
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The (possibly remote) repository to clone from. See the |
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<<URLS,GIT URLS>> section below for more information on specifying |
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repositories. |
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<directory>:: |
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The name of a new directory to clone into. The "humanish" |
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part of the source repository is used if no directory is |
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explicitly given (`repo` for `/path/to/repo.git` and `foo` |
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for `host.xz:foo/.git`). Cloning into an existing directory |
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is only allowed if the directory is empty. |
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:git-clone: 1 |
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include::urls.txt[] |
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EXAMPLES |
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-------- |
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* Clone from upstream: |
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------------ |
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$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux.git my-linux |
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$ cd my-linux |
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$ make |
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------------ |
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* Make a local clone that borrows from the current directory, without checking things out: |
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+ |
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------------ |
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$ git clone -l -s -n . ../copy |
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$ cd ../copy |
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$ git show-branch |
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------------ |
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* Clone from upstream while borrowing from an existing local directory: |
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+ |
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------------ |
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$ git clone --reference /git/linux.git \ |
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux.git \ |
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my-linux |
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$ cd my-linux |
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------------ |
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* Create a bare repository to publish your changes to the public: |
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+ |
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------------ |
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$ git clone --bare -l /home/proj/.git /pub/scm/proj.git |
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------------ |
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GIT |
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--- |
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Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
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