You can not select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
669 lines
17 KiB
669 lines
17 KiB
git(7) |
|
====== |
|
|
|
NAME |
|
---- |
|
git - the stupid content tracker |
|
|
|
|
|
SYNOPSIS |
|
-------- |
|
[verse] |
|
'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]] [-p|--paginate] |
|
[--bare] [--git-dir=GIT_DIR] [--help] COMMAND [ARGS] |
|
|
|
DESCRIPTION |
|
----------- |
|
Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an |
|
unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations |
|
and full access to internals. |
|
|
|
See this link:tutorial.html[tutorial] to get started, then see |
|
link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and |
|
"man git-commandname" for documentation of each command. CVS users may |
|
also want to read link:cvs-migration.html[CVS migration]. |
|
|
|
The COMMAND is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias |
|
as defined in the configuration file (see gitlink:git-repo-config[1]). |
|
|
|
OPTIONS |
|
------- |
|
--version:: |
|
Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from. |
|
|
|
--help:: |
|
Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used |
|
commands. If a git command is named this option will bring up |
|
the man-page for that command. If the option '--all' or '-a' is |
|
given then all available commands are printed. |
|
|
|
--exec-path:: |
|
Path to wherever your core git programs are installed. |
|
This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH |
|
environment variable. If no path is given 'git' will print |
|
the current setting and then exit. |
|
|
|
-p|--paginate:: |
|
Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER). |
|
|
|
--git-dir=<path>:: |
|
Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by |
|
setting the GIT_DIR environment variable. |
|
|
|
--bare:: |
|
Same as --git-dir=`pwd`. |
|
|
|
FURTHER DOCUMENTATION |
|
--------------------- |
|
|
|
See the references above to get started using git. The following is |
|
probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user. |
|
|
|
The <<Discussion,Discussion>> section below and the |
|
link:core-tutorial.html[Core tutorial] both provide introductions to the |
|
underlying git architecture. |
|
|
|
See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful |
|
examples. |
|
|
|
GIT COMMANDS |
|
------------ |
|
|
|
We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level |
|
("plumbing") commands. |
|
|
|
Low-level commands (plumbing) |
|
----------------------------- |
|
|
|
Although git includes its |
|
own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support |
|
development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains |
|
might start by reading about gitlink:git-update-index[1] and |
|
gitlink:git-read-tree[1]. |
|
|
|
We divide the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in |
|
the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and |
|
compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between |
|
repositories. |
|
|
|
Manipulation commands |
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
|
gitlink:git-apply[1]:: |
|
Reads a "diff -up1" or git generated patch file and |
|
applies it to the working tree. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-checkout-index[1]:: |
|
Copy files from the index to the working tree. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]:: |
|
Creates a new commit object. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-hash-object[1]:: |
|
Computes the object ID from a file. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-index-pack[1]:: |
|
Build pack idx file for an existing packed archive. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-init-db[1]:: |
|
Creates an empty git object database, or reinitialize an |
|
existing one. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-merge-index[1]:: |
|
Runs a merge for files needing merging. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-mktag[1]:: |
|
Creates a tag object. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-mktree[1]:: |
|
Build a tree-object from ls-tree formatted text. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-pack-objects[1]:: |
|
Creates a packed archive of objects. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-prune-packed[1]:: |
|
Remove extra objects that are already in pack files. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-read-tree[1]:: |
|
Reads tree information into the index. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-repo-config[1]:: |
|
Get and set options in .git/config. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-unpack-objects[1]:: |
|
Unpacks objects out of a packed archive. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-update-index[1]:: |
|
Registers files in the working tree to the index. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-write-tree[1]:: |
|
Creates a tree from the index. |
|
|
|
|
|
Interrogation commands |
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-cat-file[1]:: |
|
Provide content or type/size information for repository objects. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-describe[1]:: |
|
Show the most recent tag that is reachable from a commit. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-diff-index[1]:: |
|
Compares content and mode of blobs between the index and repository. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-diff-files[1]:: |
|
Compares files in the working tree and the index. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-diff-stages[1]:: |
|
Compares two "merge stages" in the index. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-diff-tree[1]:: |
|
Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-fsck-objects[1]:: |
|
Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-ls-files[1]:: |
|
Information about files in the index and the working tree. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-ls-tree[1]:: |
|
Displays a tree object in human readable form. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-merge-base[1]:: |
|
Finds as good common ancestors as possible for a merge. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-name-rev[1]:: |
|
Find symbolic names for given revs. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-pack-redundant[1]:: |
|
Find redundant pack files. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-rev-list[1]:: |
|
Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-show-index[1]:: |
|
Displays contents of a pack idx file. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-tar-tree[1]:: |
|
Creates a tar archive of the files in the named tree object. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-unpack-file[1]:: |
|
Creates a temporary file with a blob's contents. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-var[1]:: |
|
Displays a git logical variable. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-verify-pack[1]:: |
|
Validates packed git archive files. |
|
|
|
In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in |
|
the working tree. |
|
|
|
|
|
Synching repositories |
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-fetch-pack[1]:: |
|
Updates from a remote repository (engine for ssh and |
|
local transport). |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-http-fetch[1]:: |
|
Downloads a remote git repository via HTTP by walking |
|
commit chain. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-local-fetch[1]:: |
|
Duplicates another git repository on a local system by |
|
walking commit chain. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-peek-remote[1]:: |
|
Lists references on a remote repository using |
|
upload-pack protocol (engine for ssh and local |
|
transport). |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-receive-pack[1]:: |
|
Invoked by 'git-send-pack' to receive what is pushed to it. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-send-pack[1]:: |
|
Pushes to a remote repository, intelligently. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-http-push[1]:: |
|
Push missing objects using HTTP/DAV. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-shell[1]:: |
|
Restricted shell for GIT-only SSH access. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-ssh-fetch[1]:: |
|
Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection by |
|
walking commit chain. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-ssh-upload[1]:: |
|
Helper "server-side" program used by git-ssh-fetch. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-update-server-info[1]:: |
|
Updates auxiliary information on a dumb server to help |
|
clients discover references and packs on it. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-upload-pack[1]:: |
|
Invoked by 'git-fetch-pack' to push |
|
what are asked for. |
|
|
|
|
|
High-level commands (porcelain) |
|
------------------------------- |
|
|
|
We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some |
|
ancillary user utilities. |
|
|
|
Main porcelain commands |
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-add[1]:: |
|
Add paths to the index. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-am[1]:: |
|
Apply patches from a mailbox, but cooler. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-applymbox[1]:: |
|
Apply patches from a mailbox, original version by Linus. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-archive[1]:: |
|
Creates an archive of files from a named tree. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-bisect[1]:: |
|
Find the change that introduced a bug by binary search. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-branch[1]:: |
|
Create and Show branches. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-checkout[1]:: |
|
Checkout and switch to a branch. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-cherry-pick[1]:: |
|
Cherry-pick the effect of an existing commit. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-clean[1]:: |
|
Remove untracked files from the working tree. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-clone[1]:: |
|
Clones a repository into a new directory. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-commit[1]:: |
|
Record changes to the repository. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-diff[1]:: |
|
Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-fetch[1]:: |
|
Download from a remote repository via various protocols. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-format-patch[1]:: |
|
Prepare patches for e-mail submission. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-grep[1]:: |
|
Print lines matching a pattern. |
|
|
|
gitlink:gitk[1]:: |
|
The git repository browser. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-log[1]:: |
|
Shows commit logs. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-ls-remote[1]:: |
|
Shows references in a remote or local repository. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-merge[1]:: |
|
Grand unified merge driver. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-mv[1]:: |
|
Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-pull[1]:: |
|
Fetch from and merge with a remote repository. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-push[1]:: |
|
Update remote refs along with associated objects. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-rebase[1]:: |
|
Rebase local commits to the updated upstream head. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-repack[1]:: |
|
Pack unpacked objects in a repository. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-rerere[1]:: |
|
Reuse recorded resolution of conflicted merges. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-reset[1]:: |
|
Reset current HEAD to the specified state. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-resolve[1]:: |
|
Merge two commits. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-revert[1]:: |
|
Revert an existing commit. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-rm[1]:: |
|
Remove files from the working tree and from the index. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-shortlog[1]:: |
|
Summarizes 'git log' output. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-show[1]:: |
|
Show one commit log and its diff. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-show-branch[1]:: |
|
Show branches and their commits. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-status[1]:: |
|
Shows the working tree status. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-verify-tag[1]:: |
|
Check the GPG signature of tag. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-whatchanged[1]:: |
|
Shows commit logs and differences they introduce. |
|
|
|
|
|
Ancillary Commands |
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
|
Manipulators: |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-applypatch[1]:: |
|
Apply one patch extracted from an e-mail. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-archimport[1]:: |
|
Import an arch repository into git. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-convert-objects[1]:: |
|
Converts old-style git repository. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-cvsimport[1]:: |
|
Salvage your data out of another SCM people love to hate. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-cvsexportcommit[1]:: |
|
Export a single commit to a CVS checkout. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-cvsserver[1]:: |
|
A CVS server emulator for git. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-lost-found[1]:: |
|
Recover lost refs that luckily have not yet been pruned. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-merge-one-file[1]:: |
|
The standard helper program to use with `git-merge-index`. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-prune[1]:: |
|
Prunes all unreachable objects from the object database. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-quiltimport[1]:: |
|
Applies a quilt patchset onto the current branch. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-relink[1]:: |
|
Hardlink common objects in local repositories. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-svn[1]:: |
|
Bidirectional operation between a single Subversion branch and git. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-svnimport[1]:: |
|
Import a SVN repository into git. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-sh-setup[1]:: |
|
Common git shell script setup code. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-symbolic-ref[1]:: |
|
Read and modify symbolic refs. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-tag[1]:: |
|
An example script to create a tag object signed with GPG. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-update-ref[1]:: |
|
Update the object name stored in a ref safely. |
|
|
|
|
|
Interrogators: |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-annotate[1]:: |
|
Annotate file lines with commit info. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-blame[1]:: |
|
Blame file lines on commits. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-check-ref-format[1]:: |
|
Make sure ref name is well formed. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-cherry[1]:: |
|
Find commits not merged upstream. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-count-objects[1]:: |
|
Count unpacked number of objects and their disk consumption. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-daemon[1]:: |
|
A really simple server for git repositories. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-fmt-merge-msg[1]:: |
|
Produce a merge commit message. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-get-tar-commit-id[1]:: |
|
Extract commit ID from an archive created using git-tar-tree. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-imap-send[1]:: |
|
Dump a mailbox from stdin into an imap folder. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-instaweb[1]:: |
|
Instantly browse your working repository in gitweb. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-mailinfo[1]:: |
|
Extracts patch and authorship information from a single |
|
e-mail message, optionally transliterating the commit |
|
message into utf-8. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-mailsplit[1]:: |
|
A stupid program to split UNIX mbox format mailbox into |
|
individual pieces of e-mail. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-merge-tree[1]:: |
|
Show three-way merge without touching index. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-patch-id[1]:: |
|
Compute unique ID for a patch. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-parse-remote[1]:: |
|
Routines to help parsing `$GIT_DIR/remotes/` files. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-request-pull[1]:: |
|
git-request-pull. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-rev-parse[1]:: |
|
Pick out and massage parameters. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-send-email[1]:: |
|
Send patch e-mails out of "format-patch --mbox" output. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-symbolic-ref[1]:: |
|
Read and modify symbolic refs. |
|
|
|
gitlink:git-stripspace[1]:: |
|
Filter out empty lines. |
|
|
|
|
|
Configuration Mechanism |
|
----------------------- |
|
|
|
Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file |
|
is used to hold per-repository configuration options. It is a |
|
simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some |
|
people. Here is an example: |
|
|
|
------------ |
|
# |
|
# A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment. |
|
# |
|
|
|
; core variables |
|
[core] |
|
; Don't trust file modes |
|
filemode = false |
|
|
|
; user identity |
|
[user] |
|
name = "Junio C Hamano" |
|
email = "junkio@twinsun.com" |
|
|
|
------------ |
|
|
|
Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust |
|
their operation accordingly. |
|
|
|
|
|
Identifier Terminology |
|
---------------------- |
|
<object>:: |
|
Indicates the object name for any type of object. |
|
|
|
<blob>:: |
|
Indicates a blob object name. |
|
|
|
<tree>:: |
|
Indicates a tree object name. |
|
|
|
<commit>:: |
|
Indicates a commit object name. |
|
|
|
<tree-ish>:: |
|
Indicates a tree, commit or tag object name. A |
|
command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to |
|
operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences |
|
<commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>. |
|
|
|
<type>:: |
|
Indicates that an object type is required. |
|
Currently one of: `blob`, `tree`, `commit`, or `tag`. |
|
|
|
<file>:: |
|
Indicates a filename - almost always relative to the |
|
root of the tree structure `GIT_INDEX_FILE` describes. |
|
|
|
Symbolic Identifiers |
|
-------------------- |
|
Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following |
|
symbolic notation: |
|
|
|
HEAD:: |
|
indicates the head of the current branch (i.e. the |
|
contents of `$GIT_DIR/HEAD`). |
|
|
|
<tag>:: |
|
a valid tag 'name' |
|
(i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<tag>`). |
|
|
|
<head>:: |
|
a valid head 'name' |
|
(i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`). |
|
|
|
|
|
File/Directory Structure |
|
------------------------ |
|
|
|
Please see link:repository-layout.html[repository layout] document. |
|
|
|
Read link:hooks.html[hooks] for more details about each hook. |
|
|
|
Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the |
|
`$GIT_DIR`. |
|
|
|
|
|
Terminology |
|
----------- |
|
Please see link:glossary.html[glossary] document. |
|
|
|
|
|
Environment Variables |
|
--------------------- |
|
Various git commands use the following environment variables: |
|
|
|
The git Repository |
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
|
These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it |
|
is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above |
|
git so take care if using Cogito etc. |
|
|
|
'GIT_INDEX_FILE':: |
|
This environment allows the specification of an alternate |
|
index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index` |
|
is used. |
|
|
|
'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY':: |
|
If the object storage directory is specified via this |
|
environment variable then the sha1 directories are created |
|
underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects` |
|
directory is used. |
|
|
|
'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES':: |
|
Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be |
|
archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable |
|
specifies a ":" separated list of git object directories which |
|
can be used to search for git objects. New objects will not be |
|
written to these directories. |
|
|
|
'GIT_DIR':: |
|
If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it |
|
specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git` |
|
for the base of the repository. |
|
|
|
git Commits |
|
~~~~~~~~~~~ |
|
'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME':: |
|
'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL':: |
|
'GIT_AUTHOR_DATE':: |
|
'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME':: |
|
'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL':: |
|
see gitlink:git-commit-tree[1] |
|
|
|
git Diffs |
|
~~~~~~~~~ |
|
'GIT_DIFF_OPTS':: |
|
'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF':: |
|
see the "generating patches" section in : |
|
gitlink:git-diff-index[1]; |
|
gitlink:git-diff-files[1]; |
|
gitlink:git-diff-tree[1] |
|
|
|
other |
|
~~~~~ |
|
'GIT_PAGER':: |
|
This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. |
|
|
|
'GIT_TRACE':: |
|
If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison |
|
is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on |
|
stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command |
|
execution and external command execution. |
|
If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1 |
|
and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this |
|
value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the |
|
trace messages into this file descriptor. |
|
Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path |
|
(starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this |
|
as a file path and will try to write the trace messages |
|
into it. |
|
|
|
Discussion[[Discussion]] |
|
------------------------ |
|
include::README[] |
|
|
|
Authors |
|
------- |
|
* git's founding father is Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>. |
|
* The current git nurse is Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>. |
|
* The git potty was written by Andres Ericsson <ae@op5.se>. |
|
* General upbringing is handled by the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>. |
|
|
|
Documentation |
|
-------------- |
|
The documentation for git suite was started by David Greaves |
|
<david@dgreaves.com>, and later enhanced greatly by the |
|
contributors on the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>. |
|
|
|
GIT |
|
--- |
|
Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite |
|
|
|
|