kernel
/
git
mirror of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git
1
0
Fork 0
Code Releases Activity

Merge branch 'ja/doc-synopsis-style' 

Doc mark-up updates.

* ja/doc-synopsis-style:
  doc: pull-fetch-param typofix
  doc: convert git push to synopsis style
  doc: convert git pull to synopsis style
  doc: convert git fetch to synopsis style
main
Junio C Hamano 2025-11-30 18:31:39 -08:00
parent 0fec747d59 fddba8f737
commit ffd9bb1bc7
10 changed files with 419 additions and 397 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

60
Documentation/config/fetch.adoc
View File

@ -1,32 +1,32 @@
fetch.recurseSubmodules:: `fetch.recurseSubmodules`::
This option controls whether `git fetch` (and the underlying fetch This option controls whether `git fetch` (and the underlying fetch
in `git pull`) will recursively fetch into populated submodules. in `git pull`) will recursively fetch into populated submodules.
This option can be set either to a boolean value or to 'on-demand'. This option can be set either to a boolean value or to `on-demand`.
Setting it to a boolean changes the behavior of fetch and pull to Setting it to a boolean changes the behavior of fetch and pull to
recurse unconditionally into submodules when set to true or to not recurse unconditionally into submodules when set to true or to not
recurse at all when set to false. When set to 'on-demand', fetch and recurse at all when set to false. When set to `on-demand`, fetch and
pull will only recurse into a populated submodule when its pull will only recurse into a populated submodule when its
superproject retrieves a commit that updates the submodule's superproject retrieves a commit that updates the submodule's
reference. reference.
Defaults to 'on-demand', or to the value of 'submodule.recurse' if set. Defaults to `on-demand`, or to the value of `submodule.recurse` if set.


fetch.fsckObjects:: `fetch.fsckObjects`::
If it is set to true, git-fetch-pack will check all fetched If it is set to true, git-fetch-pack will check all fetched
objects. See `transfer.fsckObjects` for what's objects. See `transfer.fsckObjects` for what's
checked. Defaults to false. If not set, the value of checked. Defaults to `false`. If not set, the value of
`transfer.fsckObjects` is used instead. `transfer.fsckObjects` is used instead.


fetch.fsck.<msg-id>:: `fetch.fsck.<msg-id>`::
Acts like `fsck.<msg-id>`, but is used by Acts like `fsck.<msg-id>`, but is used by
linkgit:git-fetch-pack[1] instead of linkgit:git-fsck[1]. See linkgit:git-fetch-pack[1] instead of linkgit:git-fsck[1]. See
the `fsck.<msg-id>` documentation for details. the `fsck.<msg-id>` documentation for details.


fetch.fsck.skipList:: `fetch.fsck.skipList`::
Acts like `fsck.skipList`, but is used by Acts like `fsck.skipList`, but is used by
linkgit:git-fetch-pack[1] instead of linkgit:git-fsck[1]. See linkgit:git-fetch-pack[1] instead of linkgit:git-fsck[1]. See
the `fsck.skipList` documentation for details. the `fsck.skipList` documentation for details.


fetch.unpackLimit:: `fetch.unpackLimit`::
If the number of objects fetched over the Git native If the number of objects fetched over the Git native
transfer is below this transfer is below this
limit, then the objects will be unpacked into loose object limit, then the objects will be unpacked into loose object
@ -37,12 +37,12 @@ fetch.unpackLimit::
especially on slow filesystems. If not set, the value of especially on slow filesystems. If not set, the value of
`transfer.unpackLimit` is used instead. `transfer.unpackLimit` is used instead.


fetch.prune:: `fetch.prune`::
If true, fetch will automatically behave as if the `--prune` If true, fetch will automatically behave as if the `--prune`
option was given on the command line. See also `remote.<name>.prune` option was given on the command line. See also `remote.<name>.prune`
and the PRUNING section of linkgit:git-fetch[1]. and the PRUNING section of linkgit:git-fetch[1].


fetch.pruneTags:: `fetch.pruneTags`::
If true, fetch will automatically behave as if the If true, fetch will automatically behave as if the
`refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*` refspec was provided when pruning, `refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*` refspec was provided when pruning,
if not set already. This allows for setting both this option if not set already. This allows for setting both this option
@ -50,41 +50,41 @@ fetch.pruneTags::
refs. See also `remote.<name>.pruneTags` and the PRUNING refs. See also `remote.<name>.pruneTags` and the PRUNING
section of linkgit:git-fetch[1]. section of linkgit:git-fetch[1].


fetch.all:: `fetch.all`::
If true, fetch will attempt to update all available remotes. If true, fetch will attempt to update all available remotes.
This behavior can be overridden by passing `--no-all` or by This behavior can be overridden by passing `--no-all` or by
explicitly specifying one or more remote(s) to fetch from. explicitly specifying one or more remote(s) to fetch from.
Defaults to false. Defaults to `false`.


fetch.output:: `fetch.output`::
Control how ref update status is printed. Valid values are Control how ref update status is printed. Valid values are
`full` and `compact`. Default value is `full`. See the `full` and `compact`. Default value is `full`. See the
OUTPUT section in linkgit:git-fetch[1] for details. OUTPUT section in linkgit:git-fetch[1] for details.


fetch.negotiationAlgorithm:: `fetch.negotiationAlgorithm`::
Control how information about the commits in the local repository Control how information about the commits in the local repository
is sent when negotiating the contents of the packfile to be sent by is sent when negotiating the contents of the packfile to be sent by
the server. Set to "consecutive" to use an algorithm that walks the server. Set to `consecutive` to use an algorithm that walks
over consecutive commits checking each one. Set to "skipping" to over consecutive commits checking each one. Set to `skipping` to
use an algorithm that skips commits in an effort to converge use an algorithm that skips commits in an effort to converge
faster, but may result in a larger-than-necessary packfile; or set faster, but may result in a larger-than-necessary packfile; or set
to "noop" to not send any information at all, which will almost to `noop` to not send any information at all, which will almost
certainly result in a larger-than-necessary packfile, but will skip certainly result in a larger-than-necessary packfile, but will skip
the negotiation step. Set to "default" to override settings made the negotiation step. Set to `default` to override settings made
previously and use the default behaviour. The default is normally previously and use the default behaviour. The default is normally
"consecutive", but if `feature.experimental` is true, then the `consecutive`, but if `feature.experimental` is `true`, then the
default is "skipping". Unknown values will cause 'git fetch' to default is `skipping`. Unknown values will cause `git fetch` to
error out. error out.
+ +
See also the `--negotiate-only` and `--negotiation-tip` options to See also the `--negotiate-only` and `--negotiation-tip` options to
linkgit:git-fetch[1]. linkgit:git-fetch[1].


fetch.showForcedUpdates:: `fetch.showForcedUpdates`::
Set to false to enable `--no-show-forced-updates` in Set to `false` to enable `--no-show-forced-updates` in
linkgit:git-fetch[1] and linkgit:git-pull[1] commands. linkgit:git-fetch[1] and linkgit:git-pull[1] commands.
Defaults to true. Defaults to `true`.


fetch.parallel:: `fetch.parallel`::
Specifies the maximal number of fetch operations to be run in parallel Specifies the maximal number of fetch operations to be run in parallel
at a time (submodules, or remotes when the `--multiple` option of at a time (submodules, or remotes when the `--multiple` option of
linkgit:git-fetch[1] is in effect). linkgit:git-fetch[1] is in effect).
@ -94,16 +94,16 @@ A value of 0 will give some reasonable default. If unset, it defaults to 1.
For submodules, this setting can be overridden using the `submodule.fetchJobs` For submodules, this setting can be overridden using the `submodule.fetchJobs`
config setting. config setting.


fetch.writeCommitGraph:: `fetch.writeCommitGraph`::
Set to true to write a commit-graph after every `git fetch` command Set to true to write a commit-graph after every `git fetch` command
that downloads a pack-file from a remote. Using the `--split` option, that downloads a pack-file from a remote. Using the `--split` option,
most executions will create a very small commit-graph file on top of most executions will create a very small commit-graph file on top of
the existing commit-graph file(s). Occasionally, these files will the existing commit-graph file(s). Occasionally, these files will
merge and the write may take longer. Having an updated commit-graph merge and the write may take longer. Having an updated commit-graph
file helps performance of many Git commands, including `git merge-base`, file helps performance of many Git commands, including `git merge-base`,
`git push -f`, and `git log --graph`. Defaults to false. `git push -f`, and `git log --graph`. Defaults to `false`.


fetch.bundleURI:: `fetch.bundleURI`::
This value stores a URI for downloading Git object data from a bundle This value stores a URI for downloading Git object data from a bundle
URI before performing an incremental fetch from the origin Git server. URI before performing an incremental fetch from the origin Git server.
This is similar to how the `--bundle-uri` option behaves in This is similar to how the `--bundle-uri` option behaves in
@ -115,9 +115,9 @@ If you modify this value and your repository has a `fetch.bundleCreationToken`
value, then remove that `fetch.bundleCreationToken` value before fetching from value, then remove that `fetch.bundleCreationToken` value before fetching from
the new bundle URI. the new bundle URI.


fetch.bundleCreationToken:: `fetch.bundleCreationToken`::
When using `fetch.bundleURI` to fetch incrementally from a bundle When using `fetch.bundleURI` to fetch incrementally from a bundle
list that uses the "creationToken" heuristic, this config value list that uses the "`creationToken`" heuristic, this config value
stores the maximum `creationToken` value of the downloaded bundles. stores the maximum `creationToken` value of the downloaded bundles.
This value is used to prevent downloading bundles in the future This value is used to prevent downloading bundles in the future
if the advertised `creationToken` is not strictly larger than this if the advertised `creationToken` is not strictly larger than this

105
Documentation/config/push.adoc
View File

@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
push.autoSetupRemote:: `push.autoSetupRemote`::
If set to "true" assume `--set-upstream` on default push when no If set to `true` assume `--set-upstream` on default push when no
upstream tracking exists for the current branch; this option upstream tracking exists for the current branch; this option
takes effect with push.default options 'simple', 'upstream', takes effect with `push.default` options `simple`, `upstream`,
and 'current'. It is useful if by default you want new branches and `current`. It is useful if by default you want new branches
to be pushed to the default remote (like the behavior of to be pushed to the default remote (like the behavior of
'push.default=current') and you also want the upstream tracking `push.default=current`) and you also want the upstream tracking
to be set. Workflows most likely to benefit from this option are to be set. Workflows most likely to benefit from this option are
'simple' central workflows where all branches are expected to `simple` central workflows where all branches are expected to
have the same name on the remote. have the same name on the remote.


push.default:: `push.default`::
Defines the action `git push` should take if no refspec is Defines the action `git push` should take if no refspec is
given (whether from the command-line, config, or elsewhere). given (whether from the command-line, config, or elsewhere).
Different values are well-suited for Different values are well-suited for
@ -18,24 +18,28 @@ push.default::
`upstream` is probably what you want. Possible values are: `upstream` is probably what you want. Possible values are:
+ +
-- --
`nothing`;;
do not push anything (error out) unless a refspec is
given. This is primarily meant for people who want to
avoid mistakes by always being explicit.


* `nothing` - do not push anything (error out) unless a refspec is `current`;;
given. This is primarily meant for people who want to push the current branch to update a branch with the same
avoid mistakes by always being explicit. name on the receiving end. Works in both central and non-central
workflows.


* `current` - push the current branch to update a branch with the same `upstream`;;
name on the receiving end. Works in both central and non-central push the current branch back to the branch whose
workflows. changes are usually integrated into the current branch (which is
called `@{upstream}`). This mode only makes sense if you are
pushing to the same repository you would normally pull from
(i.e. central workflow).


* `upstream` - push the current branch back to the branch whose `tracking`;;
changes are usually integrated into the current branch (which is this is a deprecated synonym for `upstream`.
called `@{upstream}`). This mode only makes sense if you are
pushing to the same repository you would normally pull from
(i.e. central workflow).


* `tracking` - This is a deprecated synonym for `upstream`. `simple`;;

push the current branch with the same name on the remote.
* `simple` - push the current branch with the same name on the remote.
+ +
If you are working on a centralized workflow (pushing to the same repository you If you are working on a centralized workflow (pushing to the same repository you
pull from, which is typically `origin`), then you need to configure an upstream pull from, which is typically `origin`), then you need to configure an upstream
@ -44,16 +48,17 @@ branch with the same name.
This mode is the default since Git 2.0, and is the safest option suited for This mode is the default since Git 2.0, and is the safest option suited for
beginners. beginners.


* `matching` - push all branches having the same name on both ends. `matching`;;
This makes the repository you are pushing to remember the set of push all branches having the same name on both ends.
branches that will be pushed out (e.g. if you always push 'maint' This makes the repository you are pushing to remember the set of
and 'master' there and no other branches, the repository you push branches that will be pushed out (e.g. if you always push `maint`
to will have these two branches, and your local 'maint' and and `master` there and no other branches, the repository you push
'master' will be pushed there). to will have these two branches, and your local `maint` and
`master` will be pushed there).
+ +
To use this mode effectively, you have to make sure _all_ the To use this mode effectively, you have to make sure _all_ the
branches you would push out are ready to be pushed out before branches you would push out are ready to be pushed out before
running 'git push', as the whole point of this mode is to allow you running `git push`, as the whole point of this mode is to allow you
to push all of the branches in one go. If you usually finish work to push all of the branches in one go. If you usually finish work
on only one branch and push out the result, while other branches are on only one branch and push out the result, while other branches are
unfinished, this mode is not for you. Also this mode is not unfinished, this mode is not for you. Also this mode is not
@ -66,24 +71,24 @@ new default).


-- --


push.followTags:: `push.followTags`::
If set to true, enable `--follow-tags` option by default. You If set to true, enable `--follow-tags` option by default. You
may override this configuration at time of push by specifying may override this configuration at time of push by specifying
`--no-follow-tags`. `--no-follow-tags`.


push.gpgSign:: `push.gpgSign`::
May be set to a boolean value, or the string 'if-asked'. A true May be set to a boolean value, or the string `if-asked`. A true
value causes all pushes to be GPG signed, as if `--signed` is value causes all pushes to be GPG signed, as if `--signed` is
passed to linkgit:git-push[1]. The string 'if-asked' causes passed to linkgit:git-push[1]. The string `if-asked` causes
pushes to be signed if the server supports it, as if pushes to be signed if the server supports it, as if
`--signed=if-asked` is passed to 'git push'. A false value may `--signed=if-asked` is passed to `git push`. A false value may
override a value from a lower-priority config file. An explicit override a value from a lower-priority config file. An explicit
command-line flag always overrides this config option. command-line flag always overrides this config option.


push.pushOption:: `push.pushOption`::
When no `--push-option=<option>` argument is given from the When no `--push-option=<option>` argument is given from the
command line, `git push` behaves as if each <value> of command line, `git push` behaves as if each _<option>_ of
this variable is given as `--push-option=<value>`. this variable is given as `--push-option=<option>`.
+ +
This is a multi-valued variable, and an empty value can be used in a This is a multi-valued variable, and an empty value can be used in a
higher priority configuration file (e.g. `.git/config` in a higher priority configuration file (e.g. `.git/config` in a
@ -109,26 +114,26 @@ This will result in only b (a and c are cleared).


---- ----


push.recurseSubmodules:: `push.recurseSubmodules`::
May be "check", "on-demand", "only", or "no", with the same behavior May be `check`, `on-demand`, `only`, or `no`, with the same behavior
as that of "push --recurse-submodules". as that of `push --recurse-submodules`.
If not set, 'no' is used by default, unless 'submodule.recurse' is If not set, `no` is used by default, unless `submodule.recurse` is
set (in which case a 'true' value means 'on-demand'). set (in which case a `true` value means `on-demand`).


push.useForceIfIncludes:: `push.useForceIfIncludes`::
If set to "true", it is equivalent to specifying If set to `true`, it is equivalent to specifying
`--force-if-includes` as an option to linkgit:git-push[1] `--force-if-includes` as an option to linkgit:git-push[1]
in the command line. Adding `--no-force-if-includes` at the in the command line. Adding `--no-force-if-includes` at the
time of push overrides this configuration setting. time of push overrides this configuration setting.


push.negotiate:: `push.negotiate`::
If set to "true", attempt to reduce the size of the packfile If set to `true`, attempt to reduce the size of the packfile
sent by rounds of negotiation in which the client and the sent by rounds of negotiation in which the client and the
server attempt to find commits in common. If "false", Git will server attempt to find commits in common. If `false`, Git will
rely solely on the server's ref advertisement to find commits rely solely on the server's ref advertisement to find commits
in common. in common.


push.useBitmaps:: `push.useBitmaps`::
If set to "false", disable use of bitmaps for "git push" even if If set to `false`, disable use of bitmaps for `git push` even if
`pack.useBitmaps` is "true", without preventing other git operations `pack.useBitmaps` is `true`, without preventing other git operations
from using bitmaps. Default is true. from using bitmaps. Default is `true`.

209
Documentation/fetch-options.adoc
View File

@ -1,41 +1,41 @@
--all:: `--all`::
--no-all:: `--no-all`::
Fetch all remotes, except for the ones that has the Fetch all remotes, except for the ones that has the
`remote.<name>.skipFetchAll` configuration variable set. `remote.<name>.skipFetchAll` configuration variable set.
This overrides the configuration variable `fetch.all`. This overrides the configuration variable `fetch.all`.


-a:: `-a`::
--append:: `--append`::
Append ref names and object names of fetched refs to the Append ref names and object names of fetched refs to the
existing contents of `.git/FETCH_HEAD`. Without this existing contents of `.git/FETCH_HEAD`. Without this
option old data in `.git/FETCH_HEAD` will be overwritten. option old data in `.git/FETCH_HEAD` will be overwritten.


--atomic:: `--atomic`::
Use an atomic transaction to update local refs. Either all refs are Use an atomic transaction to update local refs. Either all refs are
updated, or on error, no refs are updated. updated, or on error, no refs are updated.


--depth=<depth>:: `--depth=<depth>`::
Limit fetching to the specified number of commits from the tip of Limit fetching to the specified number of commits from the tip of
each remote branch history. If fetching to a 'shallow' repository each remote branch history. If fetching to a 'shallow' repository
created by `git clone` with `--depth=<depth>` option (see created by `git clone` with `--depth=<depth>` option (see
linkgit:git-clone[1]), deepen or shorten the history to the specified linkgit:git-clone[1]), deepen or shorten the history to the specified
number of commits. Tags for the deepened commits are not fetched. number of commits. Tags for the deepened commits are not fetched.


--deepen=<depth>:: `--deepen=<depth>`::
Similar to --depth, except it specifies the number of commits Similar to `--depth`, except it specifies the number of commits
from the current shallow boundary instead of from the tip of from the current shallow boundary instead of from the tip of
each remote branch history. each remote branch history.


--shallow-since=<date>:: `--shallow-since=<date>`::
Deepen or shorten the history of a shallow repository to Deepen or shorten the history of a shallow repository to
include all reachable commits after <date>. include all reachable commits after _<date>_.


--shallow-exclude=<ref>:: `--shallow-exclude=<ref>`::
Deepen or shorten the history of a shallow repository to Deepen or shorten the history of a shallow repository to
exclude commits reachable from a specified remote branch or tag. exclude commits reachable from a specified remote branch or tag.
This option can be specified multiple times. This option can be specified multiple times.


--unshallow:: `--unshallow`::
If the source repository is complete, convert a shallow If the source repository is complete, convert a shallow
repository to a complete one, removing all the limitations repository to a complete one, removing all the limitations
imposed by shallow repositories. imposed by shallow repositories.
@ -43,13 +43,13 @@
If the source repository is shallow, fetch as much as possible so that If the source repository is shallow, fetch as much as possible so that
the current repository has the same history as the source repository. the current repository has the same history as the source repository.


--update-shallow:: `--update-shallow`::
By default when fetching from a shallow repository, By default when fetching from a shallow repository,
`git fetch` refuses refs that require updating `git fetch` refuses refs that require updating
.git/shallow. This option updates .git/shallow and accepts such `.git/shallow`. This option updates `.git/shallow` and accepts such
refs. refs.


--negotiation-tip=<commit|glob>:: `--negotiation-tip=(<commit>|<glob>)`::
By default, Git will report, to the server, commits reachable By default, Git will report, to the server, commits reachable
from all local refs to find common commits in an attempt to from all local refs to find common commits in an attempt to
reduce the size of the to-be-received packfile. If specified, reduce the size of the to-be-received packfile. If specified,
@ -69,28 +69,28 @@ See also the `fetch.negotiationAlgorithm` and `push.negotiate`
configuration variables documented in linkgit:git-config[1], and the configuration variables documented in linkgit:git-config[1], and the
`--negotiate-only` option below. `--negotiate-only` option below.


--negotiate-only:: `--negotiate-only`::
Do not fetch anything from the server, and instead print the Do not fetch anything from the server, and instead print the
ancestors of the provided `--negotiation-tip=*` arguments, ancestors of the provided `--negotiation-tip=` arguments,
which we have in common with the server. which we have in common with the server.
+ +
This is incompatible with `--recurse-submodules=[yes|on-demand]`. This is incompatible with `--recurse-submodules=(yes|on-demand)`.
Internally this is used to implement the `push.negotiate` option, see Internally this is used to implement the `push.negotiate` option, see
linkgit:git-config[1]. linkgit:git-config[1].


--dry-run:: `--dry-run`::
Show what would be done, without making any changes. Show what would be done, without making any changes.


--porcelain:: `--porcelain`::
Print the output to standard output in an easy-to-parse format for Print the output to standard output in an easy-to-parse format for
scripts. See section OUTPUT in linkgit:git-fetch[1] for details. scripts. See section OUTPUT in linkgit:git-fetch[1] for details.
+ +
This is incompatible with `--recurse-submodules=[yes|on-demand]` and takes This is incompatible with `--recurse-submodules=(yes|on-demand)` and takes
precedence over the `fetch.output` config option. precedence over the `fetch.output` config option.


ifndef::git-pull[] ifndef::git-pull[]
--write-fetch-head:: `--write-fetch-head`::
--no-write-fetch-head:: `--no-write-fetch-head`::
Write the list of remote refs fetched in the `FETCH_HEAD` Write the list of remote refs fetched in the `FETCH_HEAD`
file directly under `$GIT_DIR`. This is the default. file directly under `$GIT_DIR`. This is the default.
Passing `--no-write-fetch-head` from the command line tells Passing `--no-write-fetch-head` from the command line tells
@ -98,64 +98,65 @@ ifndef::git-pull[]
file is never written. file is never written.
endif::git-pull[] endif::git-pull[]


-f:: `-f`::
--force:: `--force`::
When 'git fetch' is used with `<src>:<dst>` refspec, it may
refuse to update the local branch as discussed
ifdef::git-pull[] ifdef::git-pull[]
in the `<refspec>` part of the linkgit:git-fetch[1] When `git fetch` is used with `<src>:<dst>` refspec, it may
documentation. refuse to update the local branch as discussed
in the _<refspec>_ part of the linkgit:git-fetch[1]
documentation.
endif::git-pull[] endif::git-pull[]
ifndef::git-pull[] ifndef::git-pull[]
in the `<refspec>` part below. When `git fetch` is used with `<src>:<dst>` refspec, it may
refuse to update the local branch as discussed in the _<refspec>_ part below.
endif::git-pull[] endif::git-pull[]
This option overrides that check. This option overrides that check.


-k:: `-k`::
--keep:: `--keep`::
Keep downloaded pack. Keep downloaded pack.


ifndef::git-pull[] ifndef::git-pull[]
--multiple:: `--multiple`::
Allow several <repository> and <group> arguments to be Allow several _<repository>_ and _<group>_ arguments to be
specified. No <refspec>s may be specified. specified. No __<refspec>__s may be specified.


--auto-maintenance:: `--auto-maintenance`::
--no-auto-maintenance:: `--no-auto-maintenance`::
--auto-gc:: `--auto-gc`::
--no-auto-gc:: `--no-auto-gc`::
Run `git maintenance run --auto` at the end to perform automatic Run `git maintenance run --auto` at the end to perform automatic
repository maintenance if needed. (`--[no-]auto-gc` is a synonym.) repository maintenance if needed.
This is enabled by default. This is enabled by default.


--write-commit-graph:: `--write-commit-graph`::
--no-write-commit-graph:: `--no-write-commit-graph`::
Write a commit-graph after fetching. This overrides the config Write a commit-graph after fetching. This overrides the config
setting `fetch.writeCommitGraph`. setting `fetch.writeCommitGraph`.
endif::git-pull[] endif::git-pull[]


--prefetch:: `--prefetch`::
Modify the configured refspec to place all refs into the Modify the configured refspec to place all refs into the
`refs/prefetch/` namespace. See the `prefetch` task in `refs/prefetch/` namespace. See the `prefetch` task in
linkgit:git-maintenance[1]. linkgit:git-maintenance[1].


-p:: `-p`::
--prune:: `--prune`::
Before fetching, remove any remote-tracking references that no Before fetching, remove any remote-tracking references that no
longer exist on the remote. Tags are not subject to pruning longer exist on the remote. Tags are not subject to pruning
if they are fetched only because of the default tag if they are fetched only because of the default tag
auto-following or due to a --tags option. However, if tags auto-following or due to a `--tags` option. However, if tags
are fetched due to an explicit refspec (either on the command are fetched due to an explicit refspec (either on the command
line or in the remote configuration, for example if the remote line or in the remote configuration, for example if the remote
was cloned with the --mirror option), then they are also was cloned with the `--mirror` option), then they are also
subject to pruning. Supplying `--prune-tags` is a shorthand for subject to pruning. Supplying `--prune-tags` is a shorthand for
providing the tag refspec. providing the tag refspec.
ifndef::git-pull[] ifndef::git-pull[]
+ +
See the PRUNING section below for more details. See the PRUNING section below for more details.


-P:: `-P`::
--prune-tags:: `--prune-tags`::
Before fetching, remove any local tags that no longer exist on Before fetching, remove any local tags that no longer exist on
the remote if `--prune` is enabled. This option should be used the remote if `--prune` is enabled. This option should be used
more carefully, unlike `--prune` it will remove any local more carefully, unlike `--prune` it will remove any local
@ -168,17 +169,17 @@ See the PRUNING section below for more details.
endif::git-pull[] endif::git-pull[]


ifndef::git-pull[] ifndef::git-pull[]
-n:: `-n`::
endif::git-pull[] endif::git-pull[]
--no-tags:: `--no-tags`::
By default, tags that point at objects that are downloaded By default, tags that point at objects that are downloaded
from the remote repository are fetched and stored locally. from the remote repository are fetched and stored locally.
This option disables this automatic tag following. The default This option disables this automatic tag following. The default
behavior for a remote may be specified with the remote.<name>.tagOpt behavior for a remote may be specified with the `remote.<name>.tagOpt`
setting. See linkgit:git-config[1]. setting. See linkgit:git-config[1].


ifndef::git-pull[] ifndef::git-pull[]
--refetch:: `--refetch`::
Instead of negotiating with the server to avoid transferring commits and Instead of negotiating with the server to avoid transferring commits and
associated objects that are already present locally, this option fetches associated objects that are already present locally, this option fetches
all objects as a fresh clone would. Use this to reapply a partial clone all objects as a fresh clone would. Use this to reapply a partial clone
@ -187,29 +188,29 @@ ifndef::git-pull[]
object database pack consolidation to remove any duplicate objects. object database pack consolidation to remove any duplicate objects.
endif::git-pull[] endif::git-pull[]


--refmap=<refspec>:: `--refmap=<refspec>`::
When fetching refs listed on the command line, use the When fetching refs listed on the command line, use the
specified refspec (can be given more than once) to map the specified refspec (can be given more than once) to map the
refs to remote-tracking branches, instead of the values of refs to remote-tracking branches, instead of the values of
`remote.*.fetch` configuration variables for the remote `remote.<name>.fetch` configuration variables for the remote
repository. Providing an empty `<refspec>` to the repository. Providing an empty _<refspec>_ to the
`--refmap` option causes Git to ignore the configured `--refmap` option causes Git to ignore the configured
refspecs and rely entirely on the refspecs supplied as refspecs and rely entirely on the refspecs supplied as
command-line arguments. See section on "Configured Remote-tracking command-line arguments. See section on "Configured Remote-tracking
Branches" for details. Branches" for details.


-t:: `-t`::
--tags:: `--tags`::
Fetch all tags from the remote (i.e., fetch remote tags Fetch all tags from the remote (i.e., fetch remote tags
`refs/tags/*` into local tags with the same name), in addition `refs/tags/*` into local tags with the same name), in addition
to whatever else would otherwise be fetched. Using this to whatever else would otherwise be fetched. Using this
option alone does not subject tags to pruning, even if --prune option alone does not subject tags to pruning, even if `--prune`
is used (though tags may be pruned anyway if they are also the is used (though tags may be pruned anyway if they are also the
destination of an explicit refspec; see `--prune`). destination of an explicit refspec; see `--prune`).


ifndef::git-pull[] ifndef::git-pull[]
--recurse-submodules[=(yes|on-demand|no)]:: `--recurse-submodules[=(yes|on-demand|no)]`::
This option controls if and under what conditions new commits of Control if and under what conditions new commits of
submodules should be fetched too. When recursing through submodules, submodules should be fetched too. When recursing through submodules,
`git fetch` always attempts to fetch "changed" submodules, that is, a `git fetch` always attempts to fetch "changed" submodules, that is, a
submodule that has commits that are referenced by a newly fetched submodule that has commits that are referenced by a newly fetched
@ -219,19 +220,19 @@ ifndef::git-pull[]
adds a new submodule, that submodule cannot be fetched until it is adds a new submodule, that submodule cannot be fetched until it is
cloned e.g. by `git submodule update`. cloned e.g. by `git submodule update`.
+ +
When set to 'on-demand', only changed submodules are fetched. When set When set to `on-demand`, only changed submodules are fetched. When set
to 'yes', all populated submodules are fetched and submodules that are to `yes`, all populated submodules are fetched and submodules that are
both unpopulated and changed are fetched. When set to 'no', submodules both unpopulated and changed are fetched. When set to `no`, submodules
are never fetched. are never fetched.
+ +
When unspecified, this uses the value of `fetch.recurseSubmodules` if it When unspecified, this uses the value of `fetch.recurseSubmodules` if it
is set (see linkgit:git-config[1]), defaulting to 'on-demand' if unset. is set (see linkgit:git-config[1]), defaulting to `on-demand` if unset.
When this option is used without any value, it defaults to 'yes'. When this option is used without any value, it defaults to `yes`.
endif::git-pull[] endif::git-pull[]


-j:: `-j <n>`::
--jobs=<n>:: `--jobs=<n>`::
Number of parallel children to be used for all forms of fetching. Parallelize all forms of fetching up to _<n>_ jobs at a time.
+ +
If the `--multiple` option was specified, the different remotes will be fetched If the `--multiple` option was specified, the different remotes will be fetched
in parallel. If multiple submodules are fetched, they will be fetched in in parallel. If multiple submodules are fetched, they will be fetched in
@ -242,12 +243,12 @@ Typically, parallel recursive and multi-remote fetches will be faster. By
default fetches are performed sequentially, not in parallel. default fetches are performed sequentially, not in parallel.


ifndef::git-pull[] ifndef::git-pull[]
--no-recurse-submodules:: `--no-recurse-submodules`::
Disable recursive fetching of submodules (this has the same effect as Disable recursive fetching of submodules (this has the same effect as
using the `--recurse-submodules=no` option). using the `--recurse-submodules=no` option).
endif::git-pull[] endif::git-pull[]


--set-upstream:: `--set-upstream`::
If the remote is fetched successfully, add upstream If the remote is fetched successfully, add upstream
(tracking) reference, used by argument-less (tracking) reference, used by argument-less
linkgit:git-pull[1] and other commands. For more information, linkgit:git-pull[1] and other commands. For more information,
@ -255,57 +256,57 @@ endif::git-pull[]
linkgit:git-config[1]. linkgit:git-config[1].


ifndef::git-pull[] ifndef::git-pull[]
--submodule-prefix=<path>:: `--submodule-prefix=<path>`::
Prepend <path> to paths printed in informative messages Prepend _<path>_ to paths printed in informative messages
such as "Fetching submodule foo". This option is used such as "Fetching submodule foo". This option is used
internally when recursing over submodules. internally when recursing over submodules.


--recurse-submodules-default=[yes|on-demand]:: `--recurse-submodules-default=(yes|on-demand)`::
This option is used internally to temporarily provide a This option is used internally to temporarily provide a
non-negative default value for the --recurse-submodules non-negative default value for the `--recurse-submodules`
option. All other methods of configuring fetch's submodule option. All other methods of configuring fetch's submodule
recursion (such as settings in linkgit:gitmodules[5] and recursion (such as settings in linkgit:gitmodules[5] and
linkgit:git-config[1]) override this option, as does linkgit:git-config[1]) override this option, as does
specifying --[no-]recurse-submodules directly. specifying `--[no-]recurse-submodules` directly.


-u:: `-u`::
--update-head-ok:: `--update-head-ok`::
By default 'git fetch' refuses to update the head which By default `git fetch` refuses to update the head which
corresponds to the current branch. This flag disables the corresponds to the current branch. This flag disables the
check. This is purely for the internal use for 'git pull' check. This is purely for the internal use for `git pull`
to communicate with 'git fetch', and unless you are to communicate with `git fetch`, and unless you are
implementing your own Porcelain you are not supposed to implementing your own Porcelain you are not supposed to
use it. use it.
endif::git-pull[] endif::git-pull[]


--upload-pack <upload-pack>:: `--upload-pack <upload-pack>`::
When given, and the repository to fetch from is handled When given, and the repository to fetch from is handled
by 'git fetch-pack', `--exec=<upload-pack>` is passed to by `git fetch-pack`, `--exec=<upload-pack>` is passed to
the command to specify non-default path for the command the command to specify non-default path for the command
run on the other end. run on the other end.


ifndef::git-pull[] ifndef::git-pull[]
-q:: `-q`::
--quiet:: `--quiet`::
Pass --quiet to git-fetch-pack and silence any other internally Pass `--quiet` to `git-fetch-pack` and silence any other internally
used git commands. Progress is not reported to the standard error used git commands. Progress is not reported to the standard error
stream. stream.


-v:: `-v`::
--verbose:: `--verbose`::
Be verbose. Be verbose.
endif::git-pull[] endif::git-pull[]


--progress:: `--progress`::
Progress status is reported on the standard error stream Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless `-q`
is specified. This flag forces progress status even if the is specified. This flag forces progress status even if the
standard error stream is not directed to a terminal. standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.


-o <option>:: `-o <option>`::
--server-option=<option>:: `--server-option=<option>`::
Transmit the given string to the server when communicating using Transmit the given string to the server when communicating using
protocol version 2. The given string must not contain a NUL or LF protocol version 2. The given string must not contain a _NUL_ or _LF_
character. The server's handling of server options, including character. The server's handling of server options, including
unknown ones, is server-specific. unknown ones, is server-specific.
When multiple `--server-option=<option>` are given, they are all When multiple `--server-option=<option>` are given, they are all
@ -314,23 +315,23 @@ endif::git-pull[]
the values of configuration variable `remote.<name>.serverOption` the values of configuration variable `remote.<name>.serverOption`
are used instead. are used instead.


--show-forced-updates:: `--show-forced-updates`::
By default, git checks if a branch is force-updated during By default, git checks if a branch is force-updated during
fetch. This can be disabled through fetch.showForcedUpdates, but fetch. This can be disabled through `fetch.showForcedUpdates`, but
the --show-forced-updates option guarantees this check occurs. the `--show-forced-updates` option guarantees this check occurs.
See linkgit:git-config[1]. See linkgit:git-config[1].


--no-show-forced-updates:: `--no-show-forced-updates`::
By default, git checks if a branch is force-updated during By default, git checks if a branch is force-updated during
fetch. Pass --no-show-forced-updates or set fetch.showForcedUpdates fetch. Pass `--no-show-forced-updates` or set `fetch.showForcedUpdates`
to false to skip this check for performance reasons. If used during to false to skip this check for performance reasons. If used during
'git-pull' the --ff-only option will still check for forced updates `git-pull` the `--ff-only` option will still check for forced updates
before attempting a fast-forward update. See linkgit:git-config[1]. before attempting a fast-forward update. See linkgit:git-config[1].


-4:: `-4`::
--ipv4:: `--ipv4`::
Use IPv4 addresses only, ignoring IPv6 addresses. Use IPv4 addresses only, ignoring IPv6 addresses.


-6:: `-6`::
--ipv6:: `--ipv6`::
Use IPv6 addresses only, ignoring IPv4 addresses. Use IPv6 addresses only, ignoring IPv4 addresses.

48
Documentation/git-fetch.adoc
View File

@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ git-fetch - Download objects and refs from another repository


SYNOPSIS SYNOPSIS
-------- --------
[verse] [synopsis]
'git fetch' [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]] git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
'git fetch' [<options>] <group> git fetch [<options>] <group>
'git fetch' --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...] git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository>|<group>)...]
'git fetch' --all [<options>] git fetch --all [<options>]




DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
@ -20,19 +20,19 @@ DESCRIPTION
Fetch branches and/or tags (collectively, "refs") from one or more Fetch branches and/or tags (collectively, "refs") from one or more
other repositories, along with the objects necessary to complete their other repositories, along with the objects necessary to complete their
histories. Remote-tracking branches are updated (see the description histories. Remote-tracking branches are updated (see the description
of <refspec> below for ways to control this behavior). of _<refspec>_ below for ways to control this behavior).


By default, any tag that points into the histories being fetched is By default, any tag that points into the histories being fetched is
also fetched; the effect is to fetch tags that also fetched; the effect is to fetch tags that
point at branches that you are interested in. This default behavior point at branches that you are interested in. This default behavior
can be changed by using the --tags or --no-tags options or by can be changed by using the `--tags` or `--no-tags` options or by
configuring remote.<name>.tagOpt. By using a refspec that fetches tags configuring `remote.<name>.tagOpt`. By using a refspec that fetches tags
explicitly, you can fetch tags that do not point into branches you explicitly, you can fetch tags that do not point into branches you
are interested in as well. are interested in as well.


'git fetch' can fetch from either a single named repository or URL, `git fetch` can fetch from either a single named repository or URL,
or from several repositories at once if <group> is given and or from several repositories at once if _<group>_ is given and
there is a remotes.<group> entry in the configuration file. there is a `remotes.<group>` entry in the configuration file.
(See linkgit:git-config[1]). (See linkgit:git-config[1]).


When no remote is specified, by default the `origin` remote will be used, When no remote is specified, by default the `origin` remote will be used,
@ -48,15 +48,15 @@ include::fetch-options.adoc[]


include::pull-fetch-param.adoc[] include::pull-fetch-param.adoc[]


--stdin:: `--stdin`::
Read refspecs, one per line, from stdin in addition to those provided Read refspecs, one per line, from stdin in addition to those provided
as arguments. The "tag <name>" format is not supported. as arguments. The "tag _<name>_" format is not supported.


include::urls-remotes.adoc[] include::urls-remotes.adoc[]



[[CRTB]]
CONFIGURED REMOTE-TRACKING BRANCHES[[CRTB]] CONFIGURED REMOTE-TRACKING BRANCHES
------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------


You often interact with the same remote repository by You often interact with the same remote repository by
regularly and repeatedly fetching from it. In order to keep track regularly and repeatedly fetching from it. In order to keep track
@ -84,13 +84,13 @@ This configuration is used in two ways:


* When `git fetch` is run with explicit branches and/or tags * When `git fetch` is run with explicit branches and/or tags
to fetch on the command line, e.g. `git fetch origin master`, the to fetch on the command line, e.g. `git fetch origin master`, the
<refspec>s given on the command line determine what are to be _<refspec>s_ given on the command line determine what are to be
fetched (e.g. `master` in the example, fetched (e.g. `master` in the example,
which is a short-hand for `master:`, which in turn means which is a short-hand for `master:`, which in turn means
"fetch the 'master' branch but I do not explicitly say what "fetch the `master` branch but I do not explicitly say what
remote-tracking branch to update with it from the command line"), remote-tracking branch to update with it from the command line"),
and the example command will and the example command will
fetch _only_ the 'master' branch. The `remote.<repository>.fetch` fetch _only_ the `master` branch. The `remote.<repository>.fetch`
values determine which values determine which
remote-tracking branch, if any, is updated. When used in this remote-tracking branch, if any, is updated. When used in this
way, the `remote.<repository>.fetch` values do not have any way, the `remote.<repository>.fetch` values do not have any
@ -144,9 +144,9 @@ tracking branches that are deleted, but any local tag that doesn't
exist on the remote. exist on the remote.


This might not be what you expect, i.e. you want to prune remote This might not be what you expect, i.e. you want to prune remote
`<name>`, but also explicitly fetch tags from it, so when you fetch _<name>_, but also explicitly fetch tags from it, so when you fetch
from it you delete all your local tags, most of which may not have from it you delete all your local tags, most of which may not have
come from the `<name>` remote in the first place. come from the _<name>_ remote in the first place.


So be careful when using this with a refspec like So be careful when using this with a refspec like
`refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*`, or any other refspec which might map `refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*`, or any other refspec which might map
@ -213,11 +213,11 @@ of the form:
<flag> <old-object-id> <new-object-id> <local-reference> <flag> <old-object-id> <new-object-id> <local-reference>
------------------------------- -------------------------------


The status of up-to-date refs is shown only if the --verbose option is The status of up-to-date refs is shown only if the `--verbose` option is
used. used.


In compact output mode, specified with configuration variable In compact output mode, specified with configuration variable
fetch.output, if either entire `<from>` or `<to>` is found in the fetch.output, if either entire _<from>_ or _<to>_ is found in the
other string, it will be substituted with `*` in the other string. For other string, it will be substituted with `*` in the other string. For
example, `master -> origin/master` becomes `master -> origin/*`. example, `master -> origin/master` becomes `master -> origin/*`.


@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ include::config/fetch.adoc[]


BUGS BUGS
---- ----
Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in submodules that are Using `--recurse-submodules` can only fetch new commits in submodules that are
present locally e.g. in `$GIT_DIR/modules/`. If the upstream adds a new present locally e.g. in `$GIT_DIR/modules/`. If the upstream adds a new
submodule, that submodule cannot be fetched until it is cloned e.g. by `git submodule, that submodule cannot be fetched until it is cloned e.g. by `git
submodule update`. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git version. submodule update`. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git version.

61
Documentation/git-pull.adoc
View File

@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ git-pull - Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch


SYNOPSIS SYNOPSIS
-------- --------
[verse] [synopsis]
'git pull' [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]] git pull [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]




DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ want to handle, you can safely abort it with `git merge --abort` or `git
OPTIONS OPTIONS
------- -------


<repository>:: _<repository>_::
The "remote" repository to pull from. This can be either The "remote" repository to pull from. This can be either
a URL (see the section <<URLS,GIT URLS>> below) or the name a URL (see the section <<URLS,GIT URLS>> below) or the name
of a remote (see the section <<REMOTES,REMOTES>> below). of a remote (see the section <<REMOTES,REMOTES>> below).
@ -52,29 +52,29 @@ Defaults to the configured upstream for the current branch, or `origin`.
See <<UPSTREAM-BRANCHES,UPSTREAM BRANCHES>> below for more on how to See <<UPSTREAM-BRANCHES,UPSTREAM BRANCHES>> below for more on how to
configure upstreams. configure upstreams.


<refspec>:: _<refspec>_::
Which branch or other reference(s) to fetch and integrate into the Which branch or other reference(s) to fetch and integrate into the
current branch, for example `main` in `git pull origin main`. current branch, for example `main` in `git pull origin main`.
Defaults to the configured upstream for the current branch. Defaults to the configured upstream for the current branch.
+ +
This can be a branch, tag, or other collection of reference(s). This can be a branch, tag, or other collection of reference(s).
See <<fetch-refspec,<refspec>>> below under "Options related to fetching" See <<fetch-refspec,_<refspec>_>> below under "Options related to fetching"
for the full syntax, and <<DEFAULT-BEHAVIOUR,DEFAULT BEHAVIOUR>> below for the full syntax, and <<DEFAULT-BEHAVIOUR,DEFAULT BEHAVIOUR>> below
for how `git pull` uses this argument to determine which remote branch for how `git pull` uses this argument to determine which remote branch
to integrate. to integrate.


-q:: `-q`::
--quiet:: `--quiet`::
This is passed to both underlying git-fetch to squelch reporting of This is passed to both underlying git-fetch to squelch reporting of
during transfer, and underlying git-merge to squelch output during during transfer, and underlying git-merge to squelch output during
merging. merging.


-v:: `-v`::
--verbose:: `--verbose`::
Pass --verbose to git-fetch and git-merge. Pass `--verbose` to git-fetch and git-merge.


--recurse-submodules[=(yes|on-demand|no)]:: `--recurse-submodules[=(yes|on-demand|no)]`::
--no-recurse-submodules:: `--no-recurse-submodules`::
This option controls if new commits of populated submodules should This option controls if new commits of populated submodules should
be fetched, and if the working trees of active submodules should be be fetched, and if the working trees of active submodules should be
updated, too (see linkgit:git-fetch[1], linkgit:git-config[1] and updated, too (see linkgit:git-fetch[1], linkgit:git-config[1] and
@ -91,21 +91,20 @@ Options related to merging


include::merge-options.adoc[] include::merge-options.adoc[]


-r:: `-r`::
--rebase[=(false|true|merges|interactive)]:: `--rebase[=(true|merges|false|interactive)]`::
When true, rebase the current branch on top of the upstream `true`;; rebase the current branch on top of the upstream
branch after fetching. If there is a remote-tracking branch branch after fetching. If there is a remote-tracking branch
corresponding to the upstream branch and the upstream branch corresponding to the upstream branch and the upstream branch
was rebased since last fetched, the rebase uses that information was rebased since last fetched, the rebase uses that information
to avoid rebasing non-local changes. to avoid rebasing non-local changes. This is the default.
+
When set to `merges`, rebase using `git rebase --rebase-merges` so that `merges`;; rebase using `git rebase --rebase-merges` so that
the local merge commits are included in the rebase (see the local merge commits are included in the rebase (see
linkgit:git-rebase[1] for details). linkgit:git-rebase[1] for details).
+ `false`;; merge the upstream branch into the current branch.
When false, merge the upstream branch into the current branch. `interactive`;; enable the interactive mode of rebase.
+
When `interactive`, enable the interactive mode of rebase.
+ +
See `pull.rebase`, `branch.<name>.rebase` and `branch.autoSetupRebase` in See `pull.rebase`, `branch.<name>.rebase` and `branch.autoSetupRebase` in
linkgit:git-config[1] if you want to make `git pull` always use linkgit:git-config[1] if you want to make `git pull` always use
@ -117,8 +116,8 @@ It rewrites history, which does not bode well when you
published that history already. Do *not* use this option published that history already. Do *not* use this option
unless you have read linkgit:git-rebase[1] carefully. unless you have read linkgit:git-rebase[1] carefully.


--no-rebase:: `--no-rebase`::
This is shorthand for --rebase=false. This is shorthand for `--rebase=false`.


Options related to fetching Options related to fetching
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@ -178,7 +177,7 @@ uses the refspec from the configuration or
rules apply: rules apply:


. If `branch.<name>.merge` configuration for the current . If `branch.<name>.merge` configuration for the current
branch `<name>` exists, that is the name of the branch at the branch _<name>_ exists, that is the name of the branch at the
remote site that is merged. remote site that is merged.


. If the refspec is a globbing one, nothing is merged. . If the refspec is a globbing one, nothing is merged.
@ -198,9 +197,9 @@ $ git pull
$ git pull origin $ git pull origin
------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------
+ +
Normally the branch merged in is the HEAD of the remote repository, Normally the branch merged in is the `HEAD` of the remote repository,
but the choice is determined by the branch.<name>.remote and but the choice is determined by the `branch.<name>.remote` and
branch.<name>.merge options; see linkgit:git-config[1] for details. `branch.<name>.merge` options; see linkgit:git-config[1] for details.


* Merge into the current branch the remote branch `next`: * Merge into the current branch the remote branch `next`:
+ +
@ -208,7 +207,7 @@ branch.<name>.merge options; see linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
$ git pull origin next $ git pull origin next
------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------
+ +
This leaves a copy of `next` temporarily in FETCH_HEAD, and This leaves a copy of `next` temporarily in `FETCH_HEAD`, and
updates the remote-tracking branch `origin/next`. updates the remote-tracking branch `origin/next`.
The same can be done by invoking fetch and merge: The same can be done by invoking fetch and merge:
+ +
@ -219,14 +218,14 @@ $ git merge origin/next




If you tried a pull which resulted in complex conflicts and If you tried a pull which resulted in complex conflicts and
would want to start over, you can recover with 'git reset'. would want to start over, you can recover with `git reset`.




include::transfer-data-leaks.adoc[] include::transfer-data-leaks.adoc[]


BUGS BUGS
---- ----
Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in already checked Using `--recurse-submodules` can only fetch new commits in already checked
out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the
just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself cannot be just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself cannot be
fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without

261
Documentation/git-push.adoc
View File

@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ git-push - Update remote refs along with associated objects


SYNOPSIS SYNOPSIS
-------- --------
[verse] [synopsis]
'git push' [--all | --branches | --mirror | --tags] [--follow-tags] [--atomic] [-n | --dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>] git push [--all | --branches | --mirror | --tags] [--follow-tags] [--atomic] [-n | --dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>]
[--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [-d | --delete] [--prune] [-q | --quiet] [-v | --verbose] [--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [-d | --delete] [--prune] [-q | --quiet] [-v | --verbose]
[-u | --set-upstream] [-o <string> | --push-option=<string>] [-u | --set-upstream] [-o <string> | --push-option=<string>]
[--[no-]signed|--signed=(true|false|if-asked)] [--[no-]signed | --signed=(true|false|if-asked)]
[--force-with-lease[=<refname>[:<expect>]] [--force-if-includes]] [--force-with-lease[=<refname>[:<expect>]] [--force-if-includes]]
[--no-verify] [<repository> [<refspec>...]] [--no-verify] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]


DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
----------- -----------
@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ To decide which branches, tags, or other refs to push, Git uses


1. The `<refspec>` argument(s) (for example `main` in `git push origin main`) 1. The `<refspec>` argument(s) (for example `main` in `git push origin main`)
or the `--all`, `--mirror`, or `--tags` options or the `--all`, `--mirror`, or `--tags` options
2. The `remote.*.push` configuration for the repository being pushed to 2. The `remote.<name>.push` configuration for the repository being pushed to
3. The `push.default` configuration. The default is `push.default=simple`, 3. The `push.default` configuration. The default is `push.default=simple`,
which will push to a branch with the same name as the current branch. which will push to a branch with the same name as the current branch.
See the <<CONFIGURATION,CONFIGURATION>> section below for more on `push.default`. See the <<CONFIGURATION,CONFIGURATION>> section below for more on `push.default`.
@ -49,25 +49,25 @@ You can make interesting things happen to a repository
every time you push into it, by setting up 'hooks' there. See every time you push into it, by setting up 'hooks' there. See
documentation for linkgit:git-receive-pack[1]. documentation for linkgit:git-receive-pack[1].



[[OPTIONS]]
OPTIONS[[OPTIONS]] OPTIONS
------------------ -------
<repository>:: _<repository>_::
The "remote" repository that is the destination of a push The "remote" repository that is the destination of a push
operation. This parameter can be either a URL operation. This parameter can be either a URL
(see the section <<URLS,GIT URLS>> below) or the name (see the section <<URLS,GIT URLS>> below) or the name
of a remote (see the section <<REMOTES,REMOTES>> below). of a remote (see the section <<REMOTES,REMOTES>> below).


<refspec>...:: `<refspec>...`::
Specify what destination ref to update with what source object. Specify what destination ref to update with what source object.
+ +
The format for a refspec is [+]<src>[:<dst>], for example `main`, The format for a refspec is `[+]<src>[:<dst>]`, for example `main`,
`main:other`, or `HEAD^:refs/heads/main`. `main:other`, or `HEAD^:refs/heads/main`.
+ +
The `<src>` is often the name of the local branch to push, but it can be The _<src>_ is often the name of the local branch to push, but it can be
any arbitrary "SHA-1 expression" (see linkgit:gitrevisions[7]). any arbitrary "SHA-1 expression" (see linkgit:gitrevisions[7]).
+ +
The `<dst>` determines what ref to update on the remote side. It must be the The _<dst>_ determines what ref to update on the remote side. It must be the
name of a branch, tag, or other ref, not an arbitrary expression. name of a branch, tag, or other ref, not an arbitrary expression.
+ +
The `+` is optional and does the same thing as `--force`. The `+` is optional and does the same thing as `--force`.
@ -78,23 +78,23 @@ and destination, or with a shorter form (for example `main` or
`main:other`). Here are the rules for how refspecs are expanded, `main:other`). Here are the rules for how refspecs are expanded,
as well as various other special refspec forms: as well as various other special refspec forms:
+ +
* `<src>` without a `:<dst>` means to update the same ref as the * _<src>_ without a `:<dst>` means to update the same ref as the
`<src>`, unless the `remote.<repository>.push` configuration specifies a _<src>_, unless the `remote.<repository>.push` configuration specifies a
different <dst>. For example, if `main` is a branch, then the refspec different _<dst>_. For example, if `main` is a branch, then the refspec
`main` expands to `main:refs/heads/main`. `main` expands to `main:refs/heads/main`.
* If `<dst>` unambiguously refers to a ref on the <repository> remote, * If _<dst>_ unambiguously refers to a ref on the <repository> remote,
then expand it to that ref. For example, if `v1.0` is a tag on the then expand it to that ref. For example, if `v1.0` is a tag on the
remote, then `HEAD:v1.0` expands to `HEAD:refs/tags/v1.0`. remote, then `HEAD:v1.0` expands to `HEAD:refs/tags/v1.0`.
* If `<src>` resolves to a ref starting with `refs/heads/` or `refs/tags/`, * If _<src>_ resolves to a ref starting with `refs/heads/` or `refs/tags/`,
then prepend that to <dst>. For example, if `main` is a branch, then then prepend that to <dst>. For example, if `main` is a branch, then
`main:other` expands to `main:refs/heads/other` `main:other` expands to `main:refs/heads/other`
* The special refspec `:` (or `+:` to allow non-fast-forward updates) * The special refspec `:` (or `+:` to allow non-fast-forward updates)
directs Git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on directs Git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on
the local side, the remote side is updated if a branch of the same name the local side, the remote side is updated if a branch of the same name
already exists on the remote side. already exists on the remote side.
* <src> may contain a * to indicate a simple pattern match. * _<src>_ may contain a `*` to indicate a simple pattern match.
This works like a glob that matches any ref matching the pattern. This works like a glob that matches any ref matching the pattern.
There must be only one * in both the `<src>` and `<dst>`. There must be only one `*` in both the `<src>` and `<dst>`.
It will map refs to the destination by replacing the * with the It will map refs to the destination by replacing the * with the
contents matched from the source. For example, `refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*` contents matched from the source. For example, `refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*`
will push all branches. will push all branches.
@ -102,11 +102,11 @@ as well as various other special refspec forms:
This specifies refs to exclude. A ref will be considered to This specifies refs to exclude. A ref will be considered to
match if it matches at least one positive refspec, and does not match if it matches at least one positive refspec, and does not
match any negative refspec. Negative refspecs can be pattern refspecs. match any negative refspec. Negative refspecs can be pattern refspecs.
They must only contain a `<src>`. They must only contain a _<src>_.
Fully spelled out hex object names are also not supported. Fully spelled out hex object names are also not supported.
For example, `git push origin 'refs/heads/*' '^refs/heads/dev-*'` For example, `git push origin 'refs/heads/*' '^refs/heads/dev-*'`
will push all branches except for those starting with `dev-` will push all branches except for those starting with `dev-`
* If `<src>` is empty, it deletes the `<dst>` ref from the remote * If _<src>_ is empty, it deletes the _<dst>_ ref from the remote
repository. For example, `git push origin :dev` will repository. For example, `git push origin :dev` will
delete the `dev` branch. delete the `dev` branch.
* `tag <tag>` expands to `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`. * `tag <tag>` expands to `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`.
@ -121,12 +121,12 @@ as well as various other special refspec forms:


Not all updates are allowed: see PUSH RULES below for the details. Not all updates are allowed: see PUSH RULES below for the details.


--all:: `--all`::
--branches:: `--branches`::
Push all branches (i.e. refs under `refs/heads/`); cannot be Push all branches (i.e. refs under `refs/heads/`); cannot be
used with other <refspec>. used with other <refspec>.


--prune:: `--prune`::
Remove remote branches that don't have a local counterpart. For example Remove remote branches that don't have a local counterpart. For example
a remote branch `tmp` will be removed if a local branch with the same a remote branch `tmp` will be removed if a local branch with the same
name doesn't exist any more. This also respects refspecs, e.g. name doesn't exist any more. This also respects refspecs, e.g.
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ Not all updates are allowed: see PUSH RULES below for the details.
make sure that remote `refs/tmp/foo` will be removed if `refs/heads/foo` make sure that remote `refs/tmp/foo` will be removed if `refs/heads/foo`
doesn't exist. doesn't exist.


--mirror:: `--mirror`::
Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all
refs under `refs/` (which includes but is not refs under `refs/` (which includes but is not
limited to `refs/heads/`, `refs/remotes/`, and `refs/tags/`) limited to `refs/heads/`, `refs/remotes/`, and `refs/tags/`)
@ -145,26 +145,26 @@ Not all updates are allowed: see PUSH RULES below for the details.
if the configuration option `remote.<remote>.mirror` is if the configuration option `remote.<remote>.mirror` is
set. set.


-n:: `-n`::
--dry-run:: `--dry-run`::
Do everything except actually send the updates. Do everything except actually send the updates.


--porcelain:: `--porcelain`::
Produce machine-readable output. The output status line for each ref Produce machine-readable output. The output status line for each ref
will be tab-separated and sent to stdout instead of stderr. The full will be tab-separated and sent to stdout instead of stderr. The full
symbolic names of the refs will be given. symbolic names of the refs will be given.


-d:: `-d`::
--delete:: `--delete`::
All listed refs are deleted from the remote repository. This is All listed refs are deleted from the remote repository. This is
the same as prefixing all refs with a colon. the same as prefixing all refs with a colon.


--tags:: `--tags`::
All refs under `refs/tags` are pushed, in All refs under `refs/tags` are pushed, in
addition to refspecs explicitly listed on the command addition to refspecs explicitly listed on the command
line. line.


--follow-tags:: `--follow-tags`::
Push all the refs that would be pushed without this option, Push all the refs that would be pushed without this option,
and also push annotated tags in `refs/tags` that are missing and also push annotated tags in `refs/tags` that are missing
from the remote but are pointing at commit-ish that are from the remote but are pointing at commit-ish that are
@ -172,29 +172,34 @@ Not all updates are allowed: see PUSH RULES below for the details.
with configuration variable `push.followTags`. For more with configuration variable `push.followTags`. For more
information, see `push.followTags` in linkgit:git-config[1]. information, see `push.followTags` in linkgit:git-config[1].


--signed:: `--signed`::
--no-signed:: `--no-signed`::
--signed=(true|false|if-asked):: `--signed=(true|false|if-asked)`::
GPG-sign the push request to update refs on the receiving GPG-sign the push request to update refs on the receiving
side, to allow it to be checked by the hooks and/or be side, to allow it to be checked by the hooks and/or be
logged. If `false` or `--no-signed`, no signing will be logged. Possible values are:
attempted. If `true` or `--signed`, the push will fail if the `false`;;
server does not support signed pushes. If set to `if-asked`, `--no-signed`;;
sign if and only if the server supports signed pushes. The push no signing will be attempted.
will also fail if the actual call to `gpg --sign` fails. See `true`;;
linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] for the details on the receiving end. `--signed`;;
the push will fail if the server does not support signed pushes.
`if-asked`;;
sign if and only if the server supports signed pushes. The push
will also fail if the actual call to `gpg --sign` fails. See
linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] for the details on the receiving end.


--atomic:: `--atomic`::
--no-atomic:: `--no-atomic`::
Use an atomic transaction on the remote side if available. Use an atomic transaction on the remote side if available.
Either all refs are updated, or on error, no refs are updated. Either all refs are updated, or on error, no refs are updated.
If the server does not support atomic pushes the push will fail. If the server does not support atomic pushes the push will fail.


-o <option>:: `-o <option>`::
--push-option=<option>:: `--push-option=<option>`::
Transmit the given string to the server, which passes them to Transmit the given string to the server, which passes them to
the pre-receive as well as the post-receive hook. The given string the pre-receive as well as the post-receive hook. The given string
must not contain a NUL or LF character. must not contain a _NUL_ or _LF_ character.
When multiple `--push-option=<option>` are given, they are When multiple `--push-option=<option>` are given, they are
all sent to the other side in the order listed on the all sent to the other side in the order listed on the
command line. command line.
@ -202,22 +207,22 @@ Not all updates are allowed: see PUSH RULES below for the details.
line, the values of configuration variable `push.pushOption` line, the values of configuration variable `push.pushOption`
are used instead. are used instead.


--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>:: `--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>`::
--exec=<git-receive-pack>:: `--exec=<git-receive-pack>`::
Path to the 'git-receive-pack' program on the remote Path to the 'git-receive-pack' program on the remote
end. Sometimes useful when pushing to a remote end. Sometimes useful when pushing to a remote
repository over ssh, and you do not have the program in repository over ssh, and you do not have the program in
a directory on the default $PATH. a directory on the default `$PATH`.


--force-with-lease:: `--force-with-lease`::
--no-force-with-lease:: `--no-force-with-lease`::
--force-with-lease=<refname>:: `--force-with-lease=<refname>`::
--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>:: `--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>`::
Usually, "git push" refuses to update a remote ref that is Usually, `git push` refuses to update a remote ref that is
not an ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it. not an ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it.
+ +
This option overrides this restriction if the current value of the This option overrides this restriction if the current value of the
remote ref is the expected value. "git push" fails otherwise. remote ref is the expected value. `git push` fails otherwise.
+ +
Imagine that you have to rebase what you have already published. Imagine that you have to rebase what you have already published.
You will have to bypass the "must fast-forward" rule in order to You will have to bypass the "must fast-forward" rule in order to
@ -239,16 +244,16 @@ current value to be the same as the remote-tracking branch we have
for them. for them.
+ +
`--force-with-lease=<refname>`, without specifying the expected value, will `--force-with-lease=<refname>`, without specifying the expected value, will
protect the named ref (alone), if it is going to be updated, by protect _<refname>_ (alone), if it is going to be updated, by
requiring its current value to be the same as the remote-tracking requiring its current value to be the same as the remote-tracking
branch we have for it. branch we have for it.
+ +
`--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>` will protect the named ref (alone), `--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>` will protect _<refname>_ (alone),
if it is going to be updated, by requiring its current value to be if it is going to be updated, by requiring its current value to be
the same as the specified value `<expect>` (which is allowed to be the same as the specified value _<expect>_ (which is allowed to be
different from the remote-tracking branch we have for the refname, different from the remote-tracking branch we have for the refname,
or we do not even have to have such a remote-tracking branch when or we do not even have to have such a remote-tracking branch when
this form is used). If `<expect>` is the empty string, then the named ref this form is used). If _<expect>_ is the empty string, then the named ref
must not already exist. must not already exist.
+ +
Note that all forms other than `--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>` Note that all forms other than `--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>`
@ -256,7 +261,7 @@ that specifies the expected current value of the ref explicitly are
still experimental and their semantics may change as we gain experience still experimental and their semantics may change as we gain experience
with this feature. with this feature.
+ +
"--no-force-with-lease" will cancel all the previous --force-with-lease on the `--no-force-with-lease` will cancel all the previous `--force-with-lease` on the
command line. command line.
+ +
A general note on safety: supplying this option without an expected A general note on safety: supplying this option without an expected
@ -276,23 +281,29 @@ If your editor or some other system is running `git fetch` in the
background for you a way to mitigate this is to simply set up another background for you a way to mitigate this is to simply set up another
remote: remote:
+ +
git remote add origin-push $(git config remote.origin.url) ----
git fetch origin-push git remote add origin-push $(git config remote.origin.url)
git fetch origin-push
----
+ +
Now when the background process runs `git fetch origin` the references Now when the background process runs `git fetch origin` the references
on `origin-push` won't be updated, and thus commands like: on `origin-push` won't be updated, and thus commands like:
+ +
git push --force-with-lease origin-push ----
git push --force-with-lease origin-push
----
+ +
Will fail unless you manually run `git fetch origin-push`. This method Will fail unless you manually run `git fetch origin-push`. This method
is of course entirely defeated by something that runs `git fetch is of course entirely defeated by something that runs `git fetch
--all`, in that case you'd need to either disable it or do something --all`, in that case you'd need to either disable it or do something
more tedious like: more tedious like:
+ +
git fetch # update 'master' from remote ----
git tag base master # mark our base point git fetch # update 'master' from remote
git rebase -i master # rewrite some commits git tag base master # mark our base point
git push --force-with-lease=master:base master:master git rebase -i master # rewrite some commits
git push --force-with-lease=master:base master:master
----
+ +
I.e. create a `base` tag for versions of the upstream code that you've I.e. create a `base` tag for versions of the upstream code that you've
seen and are willing to overwrite, then rewrite history, and finally seen and are willing to overwrite, then rewrite history, and finally
@ -308,26 +319,26 @@ verify if updates from the remote-tracking refs that may have been
implicitly updated in the background are integrated locally before implicitly updated in the background are integrated locally before
allowing a forced update. allowing a forced update.


-f:: `-f`::
--force:: `--force`::
Usually, `git push` will refuse to update a branch that is not an Usually, `git push` will refuse to update a branch that is not an
ancestor of the commit being pushed. ancestor of the commit being pushed.
+ +
This flag disables that check, the other safety checks in PUSH RULES This flag disables that check, the other safety checks in PUSH RULES
below, and the checks in --force-with-lease. It can cause the remote below, and the checks in `--force-with-lease`. It can cause the remote
repository to lose commits; use it with care. repository to lose commits; use it with care.
+ +
Note that `--force` applies to all the refs that are pushed, hence Note that `--force` applies to all the refs that are pushed, hence
using it with `push.default` set to `matching` or with multiple push using it with `push.default` set to `matching` or with multiple push
destinations configured with `remote.*.push` may overwrite refs destinations configured with `remote.<name>.push` may overwrite refs
other than the current branch (including local refs that are other than the current branch (including local refs that are
strictly behind their remote counterpart). To force a push to only strictly behind their remote counterpart). To force a push to only
one branch, use a `+` in front of the refspec to push (e.g `git push one branch, use a `+` in front of the refspec to push (e.g `git push
origin +master` to force a push to the `master` branch). See the origin +master` to force a push to the `master` branch). See the
`<refspec>...` section above for details. `<refspec>...` section above for details.


--force-if-includes:: `--force-if-includes`::
--no-force-if-includes:: `--no-force-if-includes`::
Force an update only if the tip of the remote-tracking ref Force an update only if the tip of the remote-tracking ref
has been integrated locally. has been integrated locally.
+ +
@ -343,72 +354,78 @@ a "no-op".
+ +
Specifying `--no-force-if-includes` disables this behavior. Specifying `--no-force-if-includes` disables this behavior.


--repo=<repository>:: `--repo=<repository>`::
This option is equivalent to the <repository> argument. If both This option is equivalent to the _<repository>_ argument. If both
are specified, the command-line argument takes precedence. are specified, the command-line argument takes precedence.


-u:: `-u`::
--set-upstream:: `--set-upstream`::
For every branch that is up to date or successfully pushed, add For every branch that is up to date or successfully pushed, add
upstream (tracking) reference, used by argument-less upstream (tracking) reference, used by argument-less
linkgit:git-pull[1] and other commands. For more information, linkgit:git-pull[1] and other commands. For more information,
see `branch.<name>.merge` in linkgit:git-config[1]. see `branch.<name>.merge` in linkgit:git-config[1].


--thin:: `--thin`::
--no-thin:: `--no-thin`::
These options are passed to linkgit:git-send-pack[1]. A thin transfer These options are passed to linkgit:git-send-pack[1]. A thin transfer
significantly reduces the amount of sent data when the sender and significantly reduces the amount of sent data when the sender and
receiver share many of the same objects in common. The default is receiver share many of the same objects in common. The default is
`--thin`. `--thin`.


-q:: `-q`::
--quiet:: `--quiet`::
Suppress all output, including the listing of updated refs, Suppress all output, including the listing of updated refs,
unless an error occurs. Progress is not reported to the standard unless an error occurs. Progress is not reported to the standard
error stream. error stream.


-v:: `-v`::
--verbose:: `--verbose`::
Run verbosely. Run verbosely.


--progress:: `--progress`::
Progress status is reported on the standard error stream Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless `-q`
is specified. This flag forces progress status even if the is specified. This flag forces progress status even if the
standard error stream is not directed to a terminal. standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.


--no-recurse-submodules:: `--no-recurse-submodules`::
--recurse-submodules=check|on-demand|only|no:: `--recurse-submodules=(check|on-demand|only|no)`::
May be used to make sure all submodule commits used by the May be used to make sure all submodule commits used by the
revisions to be pushed are available on a remote-tracking branch. revisions to be pushed are available on a remote-tracking branch.
If 'check' is used Git will verify that all submodule commits that Possible values are:
`check`;;
Git will verify that all submodule commits that
changed in the revisions to be pushed are available on at least one changed in the revisions to be pushed are available on at least one
remote of the submodule. If any commits are missing the push will remote of the submodule. If any commits are missing the push will
be aborted and exit with non-zero status. If 'on-demand' is used be aborted and exit with non-zero status.
`on-demand`;;
all submodules that changed in the revisions to be pushed will be all submodules that changed in the revisions to be pushed will be
pushed. If on-demand was not able to push all necessary revisions it will pushed. If `on-demand` was not able to push all necessary revisions it will
also be aborted and exit with non-zero status. If 'only' is used all also be aborted and exit with non-zero status.
submodules will be pushed while the superproject is left `only`;;
unpushed. A value of 'no' or using `--no-recurse-submodules` can be used all submodules will be pushed while the superproject is left
to override the push.recurseSubmodules configuration variable when no unpushed.
submodule recursion is required. `no`;;
override the `push.recurseSubmodules` configuration variable when no
submodule recursion is required. Similar to using `--no-recurse-submodules`.

+ +
When using 'on-demand' or 'only', if a submodule has a When using `on-demand` or `only`, if a submodule has a
"push.recurseSubmodules={on-demand,only}" or "submodule.recurse" configuration, `push.recurseSubmodules=(on-demand|only)` or `submodule.recurse` configuration,
further recursion will occur. In this case, "only" is treated as "on-demand". further recursion will occur. In this case, `only` is treated as `on-demand`.


--verify:: `--verify`::
--no-verify:: `--no-verify`::
Toggle the pre-push hook (see linkgit:githooks[5]). The Toggle the pre-push hook (see linkgit:githooks[5]). The
default is --verify, giving the hook a chance to prevent the default is `--verify`, giving the hook a chance to prevent the
push. With --no-verify, the hook is bypassed completely. push. With `--no-verify`, the hook is bypassed completely.


-4:: `-4`::
--ipv4:: `--ipv4`::
Use IPv4 addresses only, ignoring IPv6 addresses. Use IPv4 addresses only, ignoring IPv6 addresses.


-6:: `-6`::
--ipv6:: `--ipv6`::
Use IPv6 addresses only, ignoring IPv4 addresses. Use IPv6 addresses only, ignoring IPv4 addresses.


include::urls-remotes.adoc[] include::urls-remotes.adoc[]
@ -427,16 +444,16 @@ representing the status of a single ref. Each line is of the form:
<flag> <summary> <from> -> <to> (<reason>) <flag> <summary> <from> -> <to> (<reason>)
------------------------------- -------------------------------


If --porcelain is used, then each line of the output is of the form: If `--porcelain` is used, then each line of the output is of the form:


------------------------------- -------------------------------
<flag> \t <from>:<to> \t <summary> (<reason>) <flag> \t <from>:<to> \t <summary> (<reason>)
------------------------------- -------------------------------


The status of up-to-date refs is shown only if --porcelain or --verbose The status of up-to-date refs is shown only if `--porcelain` or `--verbose`
option is used. option is used.


flag:: _<flag>_::
A single character indicating the status of the ref: A single character indicating the status of the ref:
(space);; for a successfully pushed fast-forward; (space);; for a successfully pushed fast-forward;
`+`;; for a successful forced update; `+`;; for a successful forced update;
@ -445,7 +462,7 @@ flag::
`!`;; for a ref that was rejected or failed to push; and `!`;; for a ref that was rejected or failed to push; and
`=`;; for a ref that was up to date and did not need pushing. `=`;; for a ref that was up to date and did not need pushing.


summary:: _<summary>_::
For a successfully pushed ref, the summary shows the old and new For a successfully pushed ref, the summary shows the old and new
values of the ref in a form suitable for using as an argument to values of the ref in a form suitable for using as an argument to
`git log` (this is `<old>..<new>` in most cases, and `git log` (this is `<old>..<new>` in most cases, and
@ -586,7 +603,7 @@ Updating A with the resulting merge commit will fast-forward and your
push will be accepted. push will be accepted.


Alternatively, you can rebase your change between X and B on top of A, Alternatively, you can rebase your change between X and B on top of A,
with "git pull --rebase", and push the result back. The rebase will with `git pull --rebase`, and push the result back. The rebase will
create a new commit D that builds the change between X and B on top of create a new commit D that builds the change between X and B on top of
A. A.


@ -604,12 +621,12 @@ accepted.
There is another common situation where you may encounter non-fast-forward There is another common situation where you may encounter non-fast-forward
rejection when you try to push, and it is possible even when you are rejection when you try to push, and it is possible even when you are
pushing into a repository nobody else pushes into. After you push commit pushing into a repository nobody else pushes into. After you push commit
A yourself (in the first picture in this section), replace it with "git A yourself (in the first picture in this section), replace it with `git
commit --amend" to produce commit B, and you try to push it out, because commit --amend` to produce commit B, and you try to push it out, because
forgot that you have pushed A out already. In such a case, and only if forgot that you have pushed A out already. In such a case, and only if
you are certain that nobody in the meantime fetched your earlier commit A you are certain that nobody in the meantime fetched your earlier commit A
(and started building on top of it), you can run "git push --force" to (and started building on top of it), you can run `git push --force` to
overwrite it. In other words, "git push --force" is a method reserved for overwrite it. In other words, `git push --force` is a method reserved for
a case where you do mean to lose history. a case where you do mean to lose history.




@ -627,18 +644,18 @@ EXAMPLES
variable) if it has the same name as the current branch, and variable) if it has the same name as the current branch, and
errors out without pushing otherwise. errors out without pushing otherwise.
+ +
The default behavior of this command when no <refspec> is given can be The default behavior of this command when no _<refspec>_ is given can be
configured by setting the `push` option of the remote, or the `push.default` configured by setting the `push` option of the remote, or the `push.default`
configuration variable. configuration variable.
+ +
For example, to default to pushing only the current branch to `origin` For example, to default to pushing only the current branch to `origin`
use `git config remote.origin.push HEAD`. Any valid <refspec> (like use `git config remote.origin.push HEAD`. Any valid _<refspec>_ (like
the ones in the examples below) can be configured as the default for the ones in the examples below) can be configured as the default for
`git push origin`. `git push origin`.


`git push origin :`:: `git push origin :`::
Push "matching" branches to `origin`. See Push "matching" branches to `origin`. See
<refspec> in the <<OPTIONS,OPTIONS>> section above for a _<refspec>_ in the <<OPTIONS,OPTIONS>> section above for a
description of "matching" branches. description of "matching" branches.


`git push origin master`:: `git push origin master`::

2
Documentation/merge-options.adoc
View File

@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ ifdef::git-pull[]
`--ff-only`:: `--ff-only`::
Only update to the new history if there is no divergent local Only update to the new history if there is no divergent local
history. This is the default when no method for reconciling history. This is the default when no method for reconciling
divergent histories is provided (via the --rebase=* flags). divergent histories is provided (via the `--rebase` flags).


`--ff`:: `--ff`::
`--no-ff`:: `--no-ff`::

50
Documentation/pull-fetch-param.adoc
View File

@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
<repository>:: _<repository>_::
The "remote" repository that is the source of a fetch The "remote" repository that is the source of a fetch
or pull operation. This parameter can be either a URL or pull operation. This parameter can be either a URL
(see the section <<URLS,GIT URLS>> below) or the name (see the section <<URLS,GIT URLS>> below) or the name
of a remote (see the section <<REMOTES,REMOTES>> below). of a remote (see the section <<REMOTES,REMOTES>> below).


ifndef::git-pull[] ifndef::git-pull[]
<group>:: _<group>_::
A name referring to a list of repositories as the value A name referring to a list of repositories as the value
of remotes.<group> in the configuration file. of `remotes.<group>` in the configuration file.
(See linkgit:git-config[1]). (See linkgit:git-config[1]).
endif::git-pull[] endif::git-pull[]


[[fetch-refspec]] [[fetch-refspec]]
<refspec>:: _<refspec>_::
Specifies which refs to fetch and which local refs to update. Specifies which refs to fetch and which local refs to update.
When no <refspec>s appear on the command line, the refs to fetch When no __<refspec>__s appear on the command line, the refs to fetch
are read from `remote.<repository>.fetch` variables instead are read from `remote.<repository>.fetch` variables instead
ifndef::git-pull[] ifndef::git-pull[]
(see <<CRTB,CONFIGURED REMOTE-TRACKING BRANCHES>> below). (see <<CRTB,CONFIGURED REMOTE-TRACKING BRANCHES>> below).
@ -24,18 +24,18 @@ ifdef::git-pull[]
in linkgit:git-fetch[1]). in linkgit:git-fetch[1]).
endif::git-pull[] endif::git-pull[]
+ +
The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus The format of a _<refspec>_ parameter is an optional plus
`+`, followed by the source <src>, followed `+`, followed by the source _<src>_, followed
by a colon `:`, followed by the destination <dst>. by a colon `:`, followed by the destination _<dst>_.
The colon can be omitted when <dst> is empty. <src> is The colon can be omitted when _<dst>_ is empty. _<src>_ is
typically a ref, or a glob pattern with a single `*` that is used typically a ref, or a glob pattern with a single `*` that is used
to match a set of refs, but it can also be a fully spelled hex object to match a set of refs, but it can also be a fully spelled hex object
name. name.
+ +
A <refspec> may contain a `*` in its <src> to indicate a simple pattern A _<refspec>_ may contain a `*` in its _<src>_ to indicate a simple pattern
match. Such a refspec functions like a glob that matches any ref with the match. Such a refspec functions like a glob that matches any ref with the
pattern. A pattern <refspec> must have one and only one `*` in both the <src> and pattern. A pattern _<refspec>_ must have one and only one `*` in both the _<src>_ and
<dst>. It will map refs to the destination by replacing the `*` with the _<dst>_. It will map refs to the destination by replacing the `*` with the
contents matched from the source. contents matched from the source.
+ +
If a refspec is prefixed by `^`, it will be interpreted as a negative If a refspec is prefixed by `^`, it will be interpreted as a negative
@ -45,14 +45,14 @@ considered to match if it matches at least one positive refspec, and does
not match any negative refspec. Negative refspecs can be useful to restrict not match any negative refspec. Negative refspecs can be useful to restrict
the scope of a pattern refspec so that it will not include specific refs. the scope of a pattern refspec so that it will not include specific refs.
Negative refspecs can themselves be pattern refspecs. However, they may only Negative refspecs can themselves be pattern refspecs. However, they may only
contain a <src> and do not specify a <dst>. Fully spelled out hex object contain a _<src>_ and do not specify a _<dst>_. Fully spelled out hex object
names are also not supported. names are also not supported.
+ +
`tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`; `tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`;
it requests fetching everything up to the given tag. it requests fetching everything up to the given tag.
+ +
The remote ref that matches <src> The remote ref that matches _<src>_
is fetched, and if <dst> is not an empty string, an attempt is fetched, and if _<dst>_ is not an empty string, an attempt
is made to update the local ref that matches it. is made to update the local ref that matches it.
+ +
Whether that update is allowed without `--force` depends on the ref Whether that update is allowed without `--force` depends on the ref
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ namespace it's being fetched to, the type of object being fetched, and
whether the update is considered to be a fast-forward. Generally, the whether the update is considered to be a fast-forward. Generally, the
same rules apply for fetching as when pushing, see the `<refspec>...` same rules apply for fetching as when pushing, see the `<refspec>...`
section of linkgit:git-push[1] for what those are. Exceptions to those section of linkgit:git-push[1] for what those are. Exceptions to those
rules particular to 'git fetch' are noted below. rules particular to `git fetch` are noted below.
+ +
Until Git version 2.20, and unlike when pushing with Until Git version 2.20, and unlike when pushing with
linkgit:git-push[1], any updates to `refs/tags/*` would be accepted linkgit:git-push[1], any updates to `refs/tags/*` would be accepted
@ -101,19 +101,19 @@ must know this is the expected usage pattern for a branch.
ifdef::git-pull[] ifdef::git-pull[]
+ +
[NOTE] [NOTE]
There is a difference between listing multiple <refspec> There is a difference between listing multiple _<refspec>_
directly on 'git pull' command line and having multiple directly on `git pull` command line and having multiple
`remote.<repository>.fetch` entries in your configuration `remote.<repository>.fetch` entries in your configuration
for a <repository> and running a for a _<repository>_ and running a
'git pull' command without any explicit <refspec> parameters. `git pull` command without any explicit _<refspec>_ parameters.
<refspec>s listed explicitly on the command line are always __<refspec>__s listed explicitly on the command line are always
merged into the current branch after fetching. In other words, merged into the current branch after fetching. In other words,
if you list more than one remote ref, 'git pull' will create if you list more than one remote ref, `git pull` will create
an Octopus merge. On the other hand, if you do not list any an Octopus merge. On the other hand, if you do not list any
explicit <refspec> parameter on the command line, 'git pull' explicit _<refspec>_ parameter on the command line, `git pull`
will fetch all the <refspec>s it finds in the will fetch all the __<refspec>__s it finds in the
`remote.<repository>.fetch` configuration and merge `remote.<repository>.fetch` configuration and merge
only the first <refspec> found into the current branch. only the first _<refspec>_ found into the current branch.
This is because making an This is because making an
Octopus from remote refs is rarely done, while keeping track Octopus from remote refs is rarely done, while keeping track
of multiple remote heads in one-go by fetching more than one of multiple remote heads in one-go by fetching more than one

18
Documentation/urls-remotes.adoc
View File

@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ REMOTES[[REMOTES]]
------------------ ------------------


The name of one of the following can be used instead The name of one of the following can be used instead
of a URL as `<repository>` argument: of a URL as _<repository>_ argument:


* a remote in the Git configuration file: `$GIT_DIR/config`, * a remote in the Git configuration file: `$GIT_DIR/config`,
* a file in the `$GIT_DIR/remotes` directory, or * a file in the `$GIT_DIR/remotes` directory, or
@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ config file would appear like this:
fetch = <refspec> fetch = <refspec>
------------ ------------


The `<pushurl>` is used for pushes only. It is optional and defaults The _<pushurl>_ is used for pushes only. It is optional and defaults
to `<URL>`. Pushing to a remote affects all defined pushurls or all to _<URL>_. Pushing to a remote affects all defined pushurls or all
defined urls if no pushurls are defined. Fetch, however, will only defined urls if no pushurls are defined. Fetch, however, will only
fetch from the first defined url if multiple urls are defined. fetch from the first defined url if multiple urls are defined.


@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ following format:


------------ ------------


`Push:` lines are used by 'git push' and `Push:` lines are used by `git push` and
`Pull:` lines are used by 'git pull' and 'git fetch'. `Pull:` lines are used by `git pull` and `git fetch`.
Multiple `Push:` and `Pull:` lines may Multiple `Push:` and `Pull:` lines may
be specified for additional branch mappings. be specified for additional branch mappings.


@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ This file should have the following format:
<URL>#<head> <URL>#<head>
------------ ------------


`<URL>` is required; `#<head>` is optional. _<URL>_ is required; `#<head>` is optional.


Depending on the operation, git will use one of the following Depending on the operation, git will use one of the following
refspecs, if you don't provide one on the command line. refspecs, if you don't provide one on the command line.
`<branch>` is the name of this file in `$GIT_DIR/branches` and _<branch>_ is the name of this file in `$GIT_DIR/branches` and
`<head>` defaults to `master`. _<head>_ defaults to `master`.


git fetch uses: git fetch uses:


@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ Git defaults to using the upstream branch for remote operations, for example:
'origin/main' have diverged, and have 2 and 3 different commits each 'origin/main' have diverged, and have 2 and 3 different commits each
respectively". respectively".


The upstream is stored in `.git/config`, in the "remote" and "merge" The upstream is stored in `.git/config`, in the "`remote`" and "`merge`"
fields. For example, if `main`'s upstream is `origin/main`: fields. For example, if `main`'s upstream is `origin/main`:


------------ ------------

2
builtin/fetch.c
View File

@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
static const char * const builtin_fetch_usage[] = { static const char * const builtin_fetch_usage[] = {
N_("git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"), N_("git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"),
N_("git fetch [<options>] <group>"), N_("git fetch [<options>] <group>"),
N_("git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"), N_("git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository>|<group>)...]"),
N_("git fetch --all [<options>]"), N_("git fetch --all [<options>]"),
NULL NULL
}; };