userdiff/perl: anchor "sub" and "package" patterns on the left

The userdiff funcname mechanism has no concept of nested scopes ---
instead, "git diff" and "git grep --show-function" simply label the
diff header with the most recent matching line.  Unfortunately that
means text following a subroutine in a POD section:

	=head1 DESCRIPTION

	You might use this facility like so:

		sub example {
			foo;
		}

	Now, having said that, let's say more about the facility.
	Blah blah blah ... etc etc.

gets the subroutine name instead of the POD header in its diff/grep
funcname header, making it harder to get oriented when reading a
diff without enough context.

The fix is simple: anchor the funcname syntax to the left margin so
nested subroutines and packages like this won't get picked up.  (The
builtin C++ funcname pattern already does the same thing.)  This means
the userdiff driver will misparse the idiom

	{
		my $static;
		sub foo {
			... use $static ...
		}
	}

but I think that's worth it; we can revisit this later if the userdiff
mechanism learns to keep track of the beginning and end of nested
scopes.

Reported-by: Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh

@@ -29,6 +29,47 @@ public class Beer
 }
 EOF
 sed 's/beer\\/beer,\\/' <Beer.java >Beer-correct.java
+cat >Beer.perl <<\EOF
+package Beer;
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use parent qw(Exporter);
+our @EXPORT_OK = qw(round);
+
+sub round {
+	my ($n) = @_;
+	print "$n bottles of beer on the wall ";
+	print "$n bottles of beer\n";
+	print "Take one down, pass it around, ";
+	$n = $n - 1;
+	print "$n bottles of beer on the wall.\n";
+}
+
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Beer - subroutine to output fragment of a drinking song
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+	use Beer qw(round);
+
+	sub song {
+		for (my $i = 99; $i > 0; $i--) {
+			round $i;
+		}
+	}
+
+	song;
+
+=cut
+EOF
+sed -e '
+	s/beer\\/beer,\\/
+	s/song;/song();/
+' <Beer.perl >Beer-correct.perl
 
 test_config () {
 	git config "$1" "$2" &&
@@ -36,8 +77,9 @@ test_config () {
 }
 
 test_expect_funcname () {
-	test_expect_code 1 git diff --no-index \
-		Beer.java Beer-correct.java >diff &&
+	lang=${2-java}
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff --no-index -U1 \
+		"Beer.$lang" "Beer-correct.$lang" >diff &&
 	grep "^@@.*@@ $1" diff
 }
 
@@ -65,13 +107,24 @@ test_expect_success 'default behaviour' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'set up .gitattributes declaring drivers to test' '
-	echo "*.java diff=java" >.gitattributes
+	cat >.gitattributes <<-\EOF
+	*.java diff=java
+	*.perl diff=perl
+	EOF
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'preset java pattern' '
 	test_expect_funcname "public static void main("
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'preset perl pattern' '
+	test_expect_funcname "sub round {\$" perl
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'perl pattern is not distracted by sub within POD' '
+	test_expect_funcname "=head" perl
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'custom pattern' '
 	test_config diff.java.funcname "!static
 !String

userdiff.c

@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ PATTERNS("pascal",
 	 "|[-+0-9.e]+|0[xXbB]?[0-9a-fA-F]+"
 	 "|<>|<=|>=|:=|\\.\\."),
 PATTERNS("perl",
-	 "^[ \t]*package .*;\n"
-	 "^[ \t]*sub .* \\{\n"
+	 "^package .*;\n"
+	 "^sub .* \\{\n"
 	 "^[A-Z]+ \\{\n"	/* BEGIN, END, ... */
 	 "^=head[0-9] ",	/* POD */
 	 /* -- */