userdiff: better method/property matching for C#

- Support multi-line methods by not requiring closing parenthesis.
- Support multiple generics (comma was missing before).
- Add missing `foreach`, `lock` and  `fixed` keywords to skip over.
- Remove `instanceof` keyword, which isn't C#.
- Also detect non-method keywords not positioned at the start of a line.
- Added tests; none existed before.

The overall strategy is to focus more on what isn't expected for
method/property definitions, instead of what is, but is fully optional.

Signed-off-by: Steven Jeuris <steven.jeuris@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

t/t4018/csharp-exclude-assignments

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+class Example
+{
+    string Method(int RIGHT)
+    {
+        var constantAssignment = "test";
+        var methodAssignment = MethodCall();
+        var multiLineMethodAssignment = MethodCall(
+        );
+        var multiLine = "first"
+            + MethodCall()
+            +
+            ( MethodCall()
+            )
+            + MethodCall();
+
+        return "ChangeMe";
+    }
+
+    string MethodCall(int a = 0, int b = 0) => "test";
+}

t/t4018/csharp-exclude-control-statements

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+class Example
+{
+    string Method(int RIGHT)
+    {
+        if (false)
+        {
+            return "out";
+        }
+        else { }
+        if (true) MethodCall(
+        );
+        else MethodCall(
+        );
+        switch ("test")
+        {
+            case "one":
+            return MethodCall(
+            );
+            case "two":
+            break;
+        }
+        (int, int) tuple = (1, 4);
+        switch (tuple)
+        {
+            case (1, 4):
+              MethodCall();
+		      break;
+        }
+
+        return "ChangeMe";
+    }
+
+    string MethodCall(int a = 0, int b = 0) => "test";
+}

t/t4018/csharp-exclude-exceptions

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+using System;
+
+class Example
+{
+    string Method(int RIGHT)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            throw new Exception("fail");
+        }
+        catch (Exception)
+        {
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+        }
+        try { } catch (Exception) {}
+        try
+        {
+            throw GetException(
+            );
+        }
+        catch (Exception) { }
+
+        return "ChangeMe";
+    }
+
+    Exception GetException() => new Exception("fail");
+}

t/t4018/csharp-exclude-generic-method-calls

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+class Example
+{
+    string Method(int RIGHT)
+    {
+        GenericMethodCall<int, int>(
+            );
+
+        return "ChangeMe";
+    }
+
+    string GenericMethodCall<T, T2>() => "test";
+}

t/t4018/csharp-exclude-init-dispose

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+using System;
+
+class Example : IDisposable
+{
+    string Method(int RIGHT)
+    {
+        new Example();
+        new Example(
+            );
+        new Example { };
+        using (this)
+        {
+        }
+        var def =
+            this is default(
+                Example);
+
+        return "ChangeMe";
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose() {}
+}

t/t4018/csharp-exclude-iterations

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+using System.Linq;
+
+class Example
+{
+    string Method(int RIGHT)
+    {
+        do { } while (true);
+        do MethodCall(
+        ); while (true);
+        while (true);
+        while (true) {
+            break;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
+        {
+        }
+        foreach (int i in Enumerable.Range(0, 10))
+        {
+        }
+        int[] numbers = [5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0];
+
+        return "ChangeMe";
+    }
+
+    string MethodCall(int a = 0, int b = 0) => "test";
+}

t/t4018/csharp-exclude-method-calls

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+class Example
+{
+    string Method(int RIGHT)
+    {
+        MethodCall();
+        MethodCall(1, 2);
+        MethodCall(
+            1, 2);
+        MethodCall(
+            1, 2,
+            3);
+        MethodCall(
+            1, MethodCall(),
+            2);
+
+        return "ChangeMe";
+    }
+
+    int MethodCall(int a = 0, int b = 0, int c = 0) => 42;
+}

t/t4018/csharp-exclude-other

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+class Example
+{
+    string Method(int RIGHT)
+    {
+        lock (this)
+        {
+        }
+        unsafe
+        {
+            byte[] bytes = [1, 2, 3];
+            fixed (byte* pointerToFirst = bytes)
+            {
+            }
+        }
+
+        return "ChangeMe";
+    }
+}

t/t4018/csharp-method

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+class Example
+{
+    string Method(int RIGHT)
+    {
+        // Filler
+        // Filler
+
+        return "ChangeMe";
+    }
+}

t/t4018/csharp-method-array

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+class Example
+{
+    string[] Method(int RIGHT)
+    {
+        // Filler
+        // Filler
+
+        return ["ChangeMe"];
+    }
+}

t/t4018/csharp-method-explicit

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+using System;
+
+class Example : IDisposable
+{
+    void IDisposable.Dispose() // RIGHT
+    {
+        // Filler
+        // Filler
+        
+        // ChangeMe
+    }
+}

t/t4018/csharp-method-generics

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+class Example<T1, T2>
+{
+    Example<int, string> Method<TA, TB>(TA RIGHT, TB b)
+    {
+        // Filler
+        // Filler
+        
+        // ChangeMe
+        return null;
+    }
+}

t/t4018/csharp-method-generics-alternate-spaces

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+class Example<T1, T2>
+{
+    Example<int,string> Method<TA ,TB>(TA RIGHT, TB b)
+    {
+        // Filler
+        // Filler
+        
+        // ChangeMe
+        return null;
+    }
+}

t/t4018/csharp-method-modifiers

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+class Example
+{
+    static internal async Task Method(int RIGHT)
+    {
+        // Filler
+        // Filler
+        
+        // ChangeMe
+        await Task.Delay(1);
+    }
+}

t/t4018/csharp-method-multiline

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+class Example
+{
+    string Method_RIGHT(
+        int a,
+        int b,
+        int c)
+    {
+        return "ChangeMe";
+    }
+}

t/t4018/csharp-method-params

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+class Example
+{
+    string Method(int RIGHT, int b, int c = 42)
+    {
+        // Filler
+        // Filler
+        
+        return "ChangeMe";
+    }
+}

t/t4018/csharp-method-special-chars

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+class @Some_Type
+{
+    @Some_Type @Method_With_Underscore(int RIGHT)
+    {
+        // Filler
+        // Filler
+        
+        // ChangeMe
+        return new @Some_Type();
+    }
+}

t/t4018/csharp-method-with-spacing

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+class Example
+{
+    	string   Method 	( int 	RIGHT )
+    {
+        // Filler
+        // Filler
+
+        return "ChangeMe";
+    }
+}

t/t4018/csharp-property

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+class Example
+{
+    public bool RIGHT
+    {
+        get { return true; }
+        set
+        {
+            // ChangeMe
+        }
+    }
+}

t/t4018/csharp-property-braces-same-line

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+class Example
+{
+    public bool RIGHT {
+        get { return true; }
+        set
+        {
+            // ChangeMe
+        }
+    }
+}

userdiff.c

@@ -90,12 +90,48 @@ PATTERNS("cpp",
 	 "|\\.[0-9][0-9]*([Ee][-+]?[0-9]+)?[fFlL]?"
 	 "|[-+*/<>%&^|=!]=|--|\\+\\+|<<=?|>>=?|&&|\\|\\||::|->\\*?|\\.\\*|<=>"),
 PATTERNS("csharp",
-	 /* Keywords */
-	 "!^[ \t]*(do|while|for|if|else|instanceof|new|return|switch|case|throw|catch|using)\n"
-	 /* Methods and constructors */
-	 "^[ \t]*(((static|public|internal|private|protected|new|virtual|sealed|override|unsafe|async)[ \t]+)*[][<>@.~_[:alnum:]]+[ \t]+[<>@._[:alnum:]]+[ \t]*\\(.*\\))[ \t]*$\n"
-	 /* Properties */
-	 "^[ \t]*(((static|public|internal|private|protected|new|virtual|sealed|override|unsafe)[ \t]+)*[][<>@.~_[:alnum:]]+[ \t]+[@._[:alnum:]]+)[ \t]*$\n"
+	 /*
+	  * Jump over reserved keywords which are illegal method names, but which
+	  * can be followed by parentheses without special characters in between,
+	  * making them look like methods.
+	  */
+	 "!(^|[ \t]+)" /* Start of line or whitespace. */
+		"(do|while|for|foreach|if|else|new|default|return|switch|case|throw"
+		"|catch|using|lock|fixed)"
+		"([ \t(]+|$)\n" /* Whitespace, "(", or end of line. */
+	 /*
+	  * Methods/constructors:
+	  * The strategy is to identify a minimum of two groups (any combination
+	  * of keywords/type/name) before the opening parenthesis, and without
+	  * final unexpected characters, normally only used in ordinary statements.
+	  */
+	 "^[ \t]*" /* Remove leading whitespace. */
+		"(" /* Start chunk header capture. */
+		"(" /* First group. */
+			"[][[:alnum:]@_.]" /* Name. */
+			"(<[][[:alnum:]@_, \t<>]+>)?" /* Optional generic parameters. */
+		")+"
+		"([ \t]+" /* Subsequent groups, prepended with space. */
+			"([][[:alnum:]@_.](<[][[:alnum:]@_, \t<>]+>)?)+"
+		")+"
+		"[ \t]*" /* Optional space before parameters start. */
+		"\\(" /* Start of method parameters. */
+		"[^;]*" /* Allow complex parameters, but exclude statements (;). */
+		")$\n" /* Close chunk header capture. */
+	 /*
+	  * Properties:
+	  * As with methods, expect a minimum of two groups. But, more trivial than
+	  * methods, the vast majority of properties long enough to be worth
+	  * showing a chunk header for don't include "=:;,()" on the line they are
+	  * defined, since they don't have a parameter list.
+	  */
+	 "^[ \t]*("
+		"([][[:alnum:]@_.](<[][[:alnum:]@_, \t<>]+>)?)+"
+		"([ \t]+"
+			"([][[:alnum:]@_.](<[][[:alnum:]@_, \t<>]+>)?)+"
+		")+" /* Up to here, same as methods regex. */
+		"[^;=:,()]*" /* Compared to methods, no parameter list allowed. */
+		")$\n"
 	 /* Type definitions */
 	 "^[ \t]*(((static|public|internal|private|protected|new|unsafe|sealed|abstract|partial)[ \t]+)*(class|enum|interface|struct|record)[ \t]+.*)$\n"
 	 /* Namespace */