diff --git a/builtin/receive-pack.c b/builtin/receive-pack.c
index c92e57ba18..01e5601342 100644
--- a/builtin/receive-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/receive-pack.c
@@ -1845,35 +1845,67 @@ static void BUG_if_skipped_connectivity_check(struct command *commands,
 	BUG_if_bug("connectivity check skipped???");
 }
 
+static void ref_transaction_rejection_handler(const char *refname,
+					      const struct object_id *old_oid UNUSED,
+					      const struct object_id *new_oid UNUSED,
+					      const char *old_target UNUSED,
+					      const char *new_target UNUSED,
+					      enum ref_transaction_error err,
+					      void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct strmap *failed_refs = cb_data;
+
+	strmap_put(failed_refs, refname, (char *)ref_transaction_error_msg(err));
+}
+
 static void execute_commands_non_atomic(struct command *commands,
 					struct shallow_info *si)
 {
 	struct command *cmd;
 	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *reported_error = NULL;
+	struct strmap failed_refs = STRMAP_INIT;
+
+	transaction = ref_store_transaction_begin(get_main_ref_store(the_repository),
+						  REF_TRANSACTION_ALLOW_FAILURE, &err);
+	if (!transaction) {
+		rp_error("%s", err.buf);
+		strbuf_reset(&err);
+		reported_error = "transaction failed to start";
+		goto failure;
+	}
 
 	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
 		if (!should_process_cmd(cmd) || cmd->run_proc_receive)
 			continue;
 
-		transaction = ref_store_transaction_begin(get_main_ref_store(the_repository),
-							  0, &err);
-		if (!transaction) {
-			rp_error("%s", err.buf);
-			strbuf_reset(&err);
-			cmd->error_string = "transaction failed to start";
-			continue;
-		}
-
 		cmd->error_string = update(cmd, si);
-
-		if (!cmd->error_string
-		    && ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err)) {
-			rp_error("%s", err.buf);
-			strbuf_reset(&err);
-			cmd->error_string = "failed to update ref";
-		}
-		ref_transaction_free(transaction);
 	}
+
+	if (ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err)) {
+		rp_error("%s", err.buf);
+		reported_error = "failed to update refs";
+		goto failure;
+	}
+
+	ref_transaction_for_each_rejected_update(transaction,
+						 ref_transaction_rejection_handler,
+						 &failed_refs);
+
+	if (strmap_empty(&failed_refs))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+failure:
+	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
+		if (reported_error)
+			cmd->error_string = reported_error;
+		else if (strmap_contains(&failed_refs, cmd->ref_name))
+			cmd->error_string = strmap_get(&failed_refs, cmd->ref_name);
+	}
+
+cleanup:
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+	strmap_clear(&failed_refs, 0);
 	strbuf_release(&err);
 }
 
diff --git a/t/t1416-ref-transaction-hooks.sh b/t/t1416-ref-transaction-hooks.sh
index 8c777f7cf8..d91dd3a3b5 100755
--- a/t/t1416-ref-transaction-hooks.sh
+++ b/t/t1416-ref-transaction-hooks.sh
@@ -120,8 +120,6 @@ test_expect_success 'interleaving hook calls succeed' '
 
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 		hooks/update refs/tags/PRE $ZERO_OID $PRE_OID
-		hooks/reference-transaction prepared
-		hooks/reference-transaction committed
 		hooks/update refs/tags/POST $ZERO_OID $POST_OID
 		hooks/reference-transaction prepared
 		hooks/reference-transaction committed
diff --git a/t/t5408-send-pack-stdin.sh b/t/t5408-send-pack-stdin.sh
index 45fb20179b..ec339761c2 100755
--- a/t/t5408-send-pack-stdin.sh
+++ b/t/t5408-send-pack-stdin.sh
@@ -69,21 +69,24 @@ test_expect_success 'stdin mixed with cmdline' '
 
 test_expect_success 'cmdline refs written in order' '
 	clear_remote &&
-	test_must_fail git send-pack remote.git A:foo B:foo &&
-	verify_push A foo
+	test_must_fail git send-pack remote.git A:foo B:foo 2>err &&
+	test_grep "multiple updates for ref ${SQ}refs/heads/foo${SQ} not allowed" err &&
+	test_must_fail git --git-dir=remote.git rev-parse foo
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cmdline refs with multiple duplicates' '
 	clear_remote &&
-	test_must_fail git send-pack remote.git A:foo B:foo C:foo &&
-	verify_push A foo
+	test_must_fail git send-pack remote.git A:foo B:foo C:foo 2>err &&
+	test_grep "multiple updates for ref ${SQ}refs/heads/foo${SQ} not allowed" err &&
+	test_must_fail git --git-dir=remote.git rev-parse foo
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--stdin refs come after cmdline' '
 	clear_remote &&
 	echo A:foo >input &&
 	test_must_fail git send-pack remote.git --stdin B:foo <input &&
-	verify_push B foo
+	test_grep "multiple updates for ref ${SQ}refs/heads/foo${SQ} not allowed" err &&
+	test_must_fail git --git-dir=remote.git rev-parse foo
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'refspecs and --mirror do not mix (cmdline)' '