@ -8,40 +8,50 @@ git-reset - Reset current HEAD to the specified state
@@ -8,40 +8,50 @@ git-reset - Reset current HEAD to the specified state
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git reset' [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]
'git reset' [-q] [<commit>] [--] <paths>...
'git reset' --patch [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]
'git reset' [--soft | --mixed | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
Sets the current head to the specified commit and optionally resets the
index and working tree to match.
This command is useful if you notice some small error in a recent
commit (or set of commits) and want to redo that part without showing
the undo in the history.
If you want to undo a commit other than the latest on a branch,
linkgit:git-revert[1] is your friend.
The second and third forms with 'paths' and/or --patch are used to
revert selected paths in the index from a given commit, without moving
HEAD.
In the first and second form, copy entries from <commit> to the index.
In the third form, set the current branch to <commit>, optionally
modifying index and worktree to match. The <commit> defaults to HEAD
in all forms.
'git reset' [-q] [<commit>] [--] <paths>...::
This form resets the index entries for all <paths> to their
state at the <commit>. (It does not affect the worktree, nor
the current branch.)
+
This means that `git reset <paths>` is the opposite of `git add
<paths>`.
OPTIONS
-------
--mixed::
Resets the index but not the working tree (i.e., the changed files
are preserved but not marked for commit) and reports what has not
been updated. This is the default action.
'git reset' --patch|-p [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]::
Interactively select hunks in the difference between the index
and <commit> (defaults to HEAD). The chosen hunks are applied
in reverse to the index.
+
This means that `git reset -p` is the opposite of `git add -p` (see
linkgit:git-add[1]).
'git reset' [--<mode>] [<commit>]::
This form points the current branch to <commit> and then
updates index and working tree according to <mode>, which must
be one of the following:
+
--
--soft::
Does not touch the index file nor the working tree at all, but
requires them to be in a good order. This leaves all your changed
files "Changes to be committed", as 'git status' would
put it.
--mixed::
Resets the index but not the working tree (i.e., the changed files
are preserved but not marked for commit) and reports what has not
been updated. This is the default action.
--hard::
Matches the working tree and index to that of the tree being
switched to. Any changes to tracked files in the working tree
@ -59,132 +69,46 @@ OPTIONS
@@ -59,132 +69,46 @@ OPTIONS
the given commit. If a file that is different between the
current commit and the given commit has local changes, reset
is aborted.
--
-p::
--patch::
Interactively select hunks in the difference between the index
and <commit> (defaults to HEAD). The chosen hunks are applied
in reverse to the index.
+
This means that `git reset -p` is the opposite of `git add -p` (see
linkgit:git-add[1]).
If you want to undo a commit other than the latest on a branch,
linkgit:git-revert[1] is your friend.
OPTIONS
-------
-q::
--quiet::
Be quiet, only report errors.
<commit>::
Commit to make the current HEAD. If not given defaults to HEAD.
DISCUSSION
----------
The tables below show what happens when running:
----------
git reset --option target
----------
to reset the HEAD to another commit (`target`) with the different
reset options depending on the state of the files.
In these tables, A, B, C and D are some different states of a
file. For example, the first line of the first table means that if a
file is in state A in the working tree, in state B in the index, in
state C in HEAD and in state D in the target, then "git reset --soft
target" will put the file in state A in the working tree, in state B
in the index and in state D in HEAD.
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
----------------------------------------------------
A B C D --soft A B D
--mixed A D D
--hard D D D
--merge (disallowed)
--keep (disallowed)
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
----------------------------------------------------
A B C C --soft A B C
--mixed A C C
--hard C C C
--merge (disallowed)
--keep A C C
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
----------------------------------------------------
B B C D --soft B B D
--mixed B D D
--hard D D D
--merge D D D
--keep (disallowed)
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
----------------------------------------------------
B B C C --soft B B C
--mixed B C C
--hard C C C
--merge C C C
--keep B C C
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
----------------------------------------------------
B C C D --soft B C D
--mixed B D D
--hard D D D
--merge (disallowed)
--keep (disallowed)
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
----------------------------------------------------
B C C C --soft B C C
--mixed B C C
--hard C C C
--merge B C C
--keep B C C
"reset --merge" is meant to be used when resetting out of a conflicted
merge. Any mergy operation guarantees that the work tree file that is
involved in the merge does not have local change wrt the index before
it starts, and that it writes the result out to the work tree. So if
we see some difference between the index and the target and also
between the index and the work tree, then it means that we are not
resetting out from a state that a mergy operation left after failing
with a conflict. That is why we disallow --merge option in this case.
"reset --keep" is meant to be used when removing some of the last
commits in the current branch while keeping changes in the working
tree. If there could be conflicts between the changes in the commit we
want to remove and the changes in the working tree we want to keep,
the reset is disallowed. That's why it is disallowed if there are both
changes between the working tree and HEAD, and between HEAD and the
target. To be safe, it is also disallowed when there are unmerged
entries.
The following tables show what happens when there are unmerged
entries:
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
----------------------------------------------------
X U A B --soft (disallowed)
--mixed X B B
--hard B B B
--merge B B B
--keep (disallowed)
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
----------------------------------------------------
X U A A --soft (disallowed)
--mixed X A A
--hard A A A
--merge A A A
--keep (disallowed)
X means any state and U means an unmerged index.
Examples
EXAMPLES
--------
Undo add::
+
------------
$ edit <1>
$ git add frotz.c filfre.c
$ mailx <2>
$ git reset <3>
$ git pull git://info.example.com/ nitfol <4>
------------
+
<1> You are happily working on something, and find the changes
in these files are in good order. You do not want to see them
when you run "git diff", because you plan to work on other files
and changes with these files are distracting.
<2> Somebody asks you to pull, and the changes sounds worthy of merging.
<3> However, you already dirtied the index (i.e. your index does
not match the HEAD commit). But you know the pull you are going
to make does not affect frotz.c nor filfre.c, so you revert the
index changes for these two files. Your changes in working tree
remain there.
<4> Then you can pull and merge, leaving frotz.c and filfre.c
changes still in the working tree.
Undo a commit and redo::
+
------------
@ -204,19 +128,6 @@ edit the message further, you can give -C option instead.
@@ -204,19 +128,6 @@ edit the message further, you can give -C option instead.
+
See also the --amend option to linkgit:git-commit[1].
Undo commits permanently::
+
------------
$ git commit ...
$ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <1>
------------
+
<1> The last three commits (HEAD, HEAD^, and HEAD~2) were bad
and you do not want to ever see them again. Do *not* do this if
you have already given these commits to somebody else. (See the
"RECOVERING FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in linkgit:git-rebase[1] for
the implications of doing so.)
Undo a commit, making it a topic branch::
+
------------
@ -232,28 +143,18 @@ current HEAD.
@@ -232,28 +143,18 @@ current HEAD.
<2> Rewind the master branch to get rid of those three commits.
<3> Switch to "topic/wip" branch and keep working.
Undo add::
Undo commits permanently::
+
------------
$ edit <1>
$ git add frotz.c filfre.c
$ mailx <2>
$ git reset <3>
$ git pull git://info.example.com/ nitfol <4>
$ git commit ...
$ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <1>
------------
+
<1> You are happily working on something, and find the changes
in these files are in good order. You do not want to see them
when you run "git diff", because you plan to work on other files
and changes with these files are distracting.
<2> Somebody asks you to pull, and the changes sounds worthy of merging.
<3> However, you already dirtied the index (i.e. your index does
not match the HEAD commit). But you know the pull you are going
to make does not affect frotz.c nor filfre.c, so you revert the
index changes for these two files. Your changes in working tree
remain there.
<4> Then you can pull and merge, leaving frotz.c and filfre.c
changes still in the working tree.
<1> The last three commits (HEAD, HEAD^, and HEAD~2) were bad
and you do not want to ever see them again. Do *not* do this if
you have already given these commits to somebody else. (See the
"RECOVERING FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in linkgit:git-rebase[1] for
the implications of doing so.)
Undo a merge or pull::
+
@ -376,6 +277,114 @@ $ git reset --keep start <3>
@@ -376,6 +277,114 @@ $ git reset --keep start <3>
<3> But you can use "reset --keep" to remove the unwanted commit after
you switched to "branch2".
DISCUSSION
----------
The tables below show what happens when running:
----------
git reset --option target
----------
to reset the HEAD to another commit (`target`) with the different
reset options depending on the state of the files.
In these tables, A, B, C and D are some different states of a
file. For example, the first line of the first table means that if a
file is in state A in the working tree, in state B in the index, in
state C in HEAD and in state D in the target, then "git reset --soft
target" will put the file in state A in the working tree, in state B
in the index and in state D in HEAD.
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
----------------------------------------------------
A B C D --soft A B D
--mixed A D D
--hard D D D
--merge (disallowed)
--keep (disallowed)
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
----------------------------------------------------
A B C C --soft A B C
--mixed A C C
--hard C C C
--merge (disallowed)
--keep A C C
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
----------------------------------------------------
B B C D --soft B B D
--mixed B D D
--hard D D D
--merge D D D
--keep (disallowed)
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
----------------------------------------------------
B B C C --soft B B C
--mixed B C C
--hard C C C
--merge C C C
--keep B C C
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
----------------------------------------------------
B C C D --soft B C D
--mixed B D D
--hard D D D
--merge (disallowed)
--keep (disallowed)
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
----------------------------------------------------
B C C C --soft B C C
--mixed B C C
--hard C C C
--merge B C C
--keep B C C
"reset --merge" is meant to be used when resetting out of a conflicted
merge. Any mergy operation guarantees that the work tree file that is
involved in the merge does not have local change wrt the index before
it starts, and that it writes the result out to the work tree. So if
we see some difference between the index and the target and also
between the index and the work tree, then it means that we are not
resetting out from a state that a mergy operation left after failing
with a conflict. That is why we disallow --merge option in this case.
"reset --keep" is meant to be used when removing some of the last
commits in the current branch while keeping changes in the working
tree. If there could be conflicts between the changes in the commit we
want to remove and the changes in the working tree we want to keep,
the reset is disallowed. That's why it is disallowed if there are both
changes between the working tree and HEAD, and between HEAD and the
target. To be safe, it is also disallowed when there are unmerged
entries.
The following tables show what happens when there are unmerged
entries:
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
----------------------------------------------------
X U A B --soft (disallowed)
--mixed X B B
--hard B B B
--merge B B B
--keep (disallowed)
working index HEAD target working index HEAD
----------------------------------------------------
X U A A --soft (disallowed)
--mixed X A A
--hard A A A
--merge A A A
--keep (disallowed)
X means any state and U means an unmerged index.
Author
------
Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> and Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Junio C Hamano
15 years ago