ci: add a Windows job to the Azure Pipelines definition

Previously, we did not have robust support for Windows in our CI
definition, simply because Travis cannot accommodate our needs (even
after Travis added experimental Windows support very recently, it takes
longer than Travis' 50 minute timeout to build Git and run the test
suite on Windows). Instead, we used a hack that started a dedicated
Azure Pipeline from Travis and waited for the output, often timing out
(which is quite fragile, as we found out).

With this commit, we finally have first-class support for Windows in our
CI definition (in the Azure Pipelines one, that is).

Due to our reliance on Unix shell scripting in the test suite, combined
with the challenges on executing such scripts on Windows, the Windows
job currently takes a whopping ~1h20m to complete. Which is *far* longer
than the next-longest job takes (linux-gcc, ~35m).

Now, Azure Pipelines's free tier for open source projects (such as Git)
offers up to 10 concurrent jobs for free, meaning that the overall run
time will be dominated by the slowest job(s).

Therefore, it makes sense to start the Windows job first, to minimize
the time the entire build takes from start to end (which is now pretty
safely the run time of the Windows job).

Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

azure-pipelines.yml

@@ -3,6 +3,97 @@ resources:
   fetchDepth: 1
 
 jobs:
+- job: windows
+  displayName: Windows
+  condition: succeeded()
+  pool: Hosted
+  timeoutInMinutes: 240
+  steps:
+  - powershell: |
+      if ("$GITFILESHAREPWD" -ne "" -and "$GITFILESHAREPWD" -ne "`$`(gitfileshare.pwd)") {
+        net use s: \\gitfileshare.file.core.windows.net\test-cache "$GITFILESHAREPWD" /user:AZURE\gitfileshare /persistent:no
+        cmd /c mklink /d "$(Build.SourcesDirectory)\test-cache" S:\
+      }
+    displayName: 'Mount test-cache'
+    env:
+      GITFILESHAREPWD: $(gitfileshare.pwd)
+  - powershell: |
+      # Helper to check the error level of the latest command (exit with error when appropriate)
+      function c() { if (!$?) { exit(1) } }
+
+      # Add build agent's MinGit to PATH
+      $env:PATH = $env:AGENT_HOMEDIRECTORY +"\externals\\git\cmd;" +$env:PATH
+
+      # Helper to initialize (or update) a Git worktree
+      function init ($path, $url, $set_origin) {
+        if (Test-Path $path) {
+          cd $path; c
+          if (Test-Path .git) {
+            & git init; c
+          } else {
+            & git status
+          }
+        } else {
+          & git init $path; c
+          cd $path; c
+        }
+        & git config core.autocrlf false; c
+        & git config core.untrackedCache true; c
+        if (($set_origin -ne 0) -and !(git config remote.origin.url)) {
+          & git remote add origin $url; c
+        }
+        & git fetch --depth=1 $url master; c
+        & git reset --hard FETCH_HEAD; c
+        & git clean -df; c
+      }
+
+      # Initialize Git for Windows' SDK
+      $sdk_path = "$(Build.SourcesDirectory)\git-sdk-64"
+      init "$sdk_path" "https://dev.azure.com/git-for-windows/git-sdk-64/_git/git-sdk-64" 0
+
+      # Let Git ignore the SDK and the test-cache
+      "/git-sdk-64/`n/test-cache/`n" | Out-File -NoNewLine -Encoding ascii -Append "$(Build.SourcesDirectory)\.git\info\exclude"
+    displayName: 'Initialize the Git for Windows SDK'
+  - powershell: |
+      & "git-sdk-64\git-cmd.exe" --command=usr\\bin\\bash.exe -lc @"
+        export DEVELOPER=1
+        export NO_PERL=1
+        export NO_SVN_TESTS=1
+        export GIT_TEST_SKIP_REBASE_P=1
+
+        ci/run-build-and-tests.sh || {
+          ci/print-test-failures.sh
+          exit 1
+        }
+      "@
+      if (!$?) { exit(1) }
+    displayName: 'Build & Test'
+    env:
+      HOME: $(Build.SourcesDirectory)
+      MSYSTEM: MINGW64
+  - powershell: |
+      if ("$GITFILESHAREPWD" -ne "" -and "$GITFILESHAREPWD" -ne "`$`(gitfileshare.pwd)") {
+        cmd /c rmdir "$(Build.SourcesDirectory)\test-cache"
+      }
+    displayName: 'Unmount test-cache'
+    condition: true
+    env:
+      GITFILESHAREPWD: $(gitfileshare.pwd)
+  - task: PublishTestResults@2
+    displayName: 'Publish Test Results **/TEST-*.xml'
+    inputs:
+      mergeTestResults: true
+      testRunTitle: 'windows'
+      platform: Windows
+      publishRunAttachments: false
+    condition: succeededOrFailed()
+  - task: PublishBuildArtifacts@1
+    displayName: 'Publish trash directories of failed tests'
+    condition: failed()
+    inputs:
+      PathtoPublish: t/failed-test-artifacts
+      ArtifactName: failed-test-artifacts
+
 - job: linux_clang
   displayName: linux-clang
   condition: succeeded()