diff --git a/builtin/add.c b/builtin/add.c
index eab8f03cad..7c95dd65d6 100644
--- a/builtin/add.c
+++ b/builtin/add.c
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ int cmd_add(int argc,
 	char *seen = NULL;
 	char *ps_matched = NULL;
 	struct lock_file lock_file = LOCK_INIT;
-	struct odb_transaction *transaction;
+	struct odb_transaction *transaction = NULL;
 
 	repo_config(repo, add_config, NULL);
 
@@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ int cmd_add(int argc,
 
 	if (chmod_arg && pathspec.nr)
 		exit_status |= chmod_pathspec(repo, &pathspec, chmod_arg[0], show_only);
-	odb_transaction_commit(transaction);
+	odb_transaction_commit_and_finalize_or_die(transaction);
 
 finish:
 	if (write_locked_index(repo->index, &lock_file,
diff --git a/builtin/receive-pack.c b/builtin/receive-pack.c
index 86933d8d7e..e6e54ba55f 100644
--- a/builtin/receive-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/receive-pack.c
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
 #include "hex.h"
 #include "hook.h"
-#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "object-file.h"
 #include "object-name.h"
@@ -23,7 +22,6 @@
 #include "oid-array.h"
 #include "oidset.h"
 #include "pack.h"
-#include "packfile.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 #include "protocol.h"
@@ -62,12 +60,9 @@ static enum deny_action deny_delete_current = DENY_UNCONFIGURED;
 static int receive_fsck_objects = -1;
 static int transfer_fsck_objects = -1;
 static struct strbuf fsck_msg_types = STRBUF_INIT;
-static int receive_unpack_limit = -1;
-static int transfer_unpack_limit = -1;
 static int advertise_atomic_push = 1;
 static int advertise_push_options;
 static int advertise_sid;
-static int unpack_limit = 100;
 static off_t max_input_size;
 static int report_status;
 static int report_status_v2;
@@ -86,7 +81,6 @@ static const char *head_name;
 static void *head_name_to_free;
 static int sent_capabilities;
 static int shallow_update;
-static const char *alt_shallow_file;
 static struct strbuf push_cert = STRBUF_INIT;
 static struct object_id push_cert_oid;
 static struct signature_check sigcheck;
@@ -158,16 +152,6 @@ static int receive_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value,
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (strcmp(var, "receive.unpacklimit") == 0) {
-		receive_unpack_limit = git_config_int(var, value, ctx->kvi);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (strcmp(var, "transfer.unpacklimit") == 0) {
-		transfer_unpack_limit = git_config_int(var, value, ctx->kvi);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
 	if (strcmp(var, "receive.fsck.skiplist") == 0) {
 		char *path;
 
@@ -2029,7 +2013,7 @@ cleanup:
 }
 
 static void execute_commands(struct command *commands,
-			     const char *unpacker_error,
+			     int unpacker_error,
 			     struct shallow_info *si,
 			     struct odb_transaction *transaction,
 			     const struct string_list *push_options)
@@ -2306,150 +2290,44 @@ static void read_push_options(struct packet_reader *reader,
 	}
 }
 
-static const char *parse_pack_header(struct pack_header *hdr)
-{
-	switch (read_pack_header(0, hdr)) {
-	case PH_ERROR_EOF:
-		return "eof before pack header was fully read";
-
-	case PH_ERROR_PACK_SIGNATURE:
-		return "protocol error (pack signature mismatch detected)";
-
-	case PH_ERROR_PROTOCOL:
-		return "protocol error (pack version unsupported)";
-
-	default:
-		return "unknown error in parse_pack_header";
-
-	case 0:
-		return NULL;
-	}
-}
-
-static struct tempfile *pack_lockfile;
-
-static void push_header_arg(struct strvec *args, struct pack_header *hdr)
-{
-	strvec_pushf(args, "--pack_header=%"PRIu32",%"PRIu32,
-		     ntohl(hdr->hdr_version), ntohl(hdr->hdr_entries));
-}
-
-static const char *unpack(int err_fd, struct shallow_info *si,
-			  struct odb_transaction *transaction)
-{
-	struct pack_header hdr;
-	const char *hdr_err;
-	int status;
-	struct child_process child = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
-	int fsck_objects = (receive_fsck_objects >= 0
-			    ? receive_fsck_objects
-			    : transfer_fsck_objects >= 0
-			    ? transfer_fsck_objects
-			    : 0);
-
-	hdr_err = parse_pack_header(&hdr);
-	if (hdr_err) {
-		if (err_fd > 0)
-			close(err_fd);
-		return hdr_err;
-	}
-
-	if (si->nr_ours || si->nr_theirs) {
-		alt_shallow_file = setup_temporary_shallow(si->shallow);
-		strvec_push(&child.args, "--shallow-file");
-		strvec_push(&child.args, alt_shallow_file);
-	}
-
-	odb_transaction_env(transaction, &child.env);
-
-	if (ntohl(hdr.hdr_entries) < unpack_limit) {
-		strvec_push(&child.args, "unpack-objects");
-		push_header_arg(&child.args, &hdr);
-		if (quiet)
-			strvec_push(&child.args, "-q");
-		if (fsck_objects)
-			strvec_pushf(&child.args, "--strict%s",
-				     fsck_msg_types.buf);
-		if (max_input_size)
-			strvec_pushf(&child.args, "--max-input-size=%"PRIuMAX,
-				     (uintmax_t)max_input_size);
-		child.no_stdout = 1;
-		child.err = err_fd;
-		child.git_cmd = 1;
-		status = run_command(&child);
-		if (status)
-			return "unpack-objects abnormal exit";
-	} else {
-		char hostname[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1];
-		char *lockfile;
-
-		strvec_pushl(&child.args, "index-pack", "--stdin", NULL);
-		push_header_arg(&child.args, &hdr);
-
-		if (xgethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)))
-			xsnprintf(hostname, sizeof(hostname), "localhost");
-		strvec_pushf(&child.args,
-			     "--keep=receive-pack %"PRIuMAX" on %s",
-			     (uintmax_t)getpid(),
-			     hostname);
-
-		if (!quiet && err_fd)
-			strvec_push(&child.args, "--show-resolving-progress");
-		if (use_sideband)
-			strvec_push(&child.args, "--report-end-of-input");
-		if (fsck_objects)
-			strvec_pushf(&child.args, "--strict%s",
-				     fsck_msg_types.buf);
-		if (!reject_thin)
-			strvec_push(&child.args, "--fix-thin");
-		if (max_input_size)
-			strvec_pushf(&child.args, "--max-input-size=%"PRIuMAX,
-				     (uintmax_t)max_input_size);
-		child.out = -1;
-		child.err = err_fd;
-		child.git_cmd = 1;
-		status = start_command(&child);
-		if (status)
-			return "index-pack fork failed";
-
-		lockfile = index_pack_lockfile(the_repository, child.out, NULL);
-		if (lockfile) {
-			pack_lockfile = register_tempfile(lockfile);
-			free(lockfile);
-		}
-		close(child.out);
-
-		status = finish_command(&child);
-		if (status)
-			return "index-pack abnormal exit";
-		odb_reprepare(the_repository->objects);
-	}
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-static const char *unpack_with_sideband(struct shallow_info *si,
-					struct odb_transaction *transaction)
+static int unpack_with_sideband(struct odb_transaction *transaction,
+				const char *shallow_file,
+				struct strbuf *err_msg)
 {
+	struct odb_transaction_write_pack_opts opts = {
+		.fsck_objects = (receive_fsck_objects >= 0
+				 ? receive_fsck_objects
+				 : transfer_fsck_objects >= 0
+				 ? transfer_fsck_objects
+				 : 0),
+		.fsck_msg_types = fsck_msg_types.buf,
+		.max_input_size = max_input_size,
+		.shallow_file = shallow_file,
+		.reject_thin = reject_thin,
+		.quiet = quiet,
+	};
 	struct async muxer;
-	const char *ret;
+	int ret;
 
 	if (!use_sideband)
-		return unpack(0, si, transaction);
+		return odb_transaction_write_pack(transaction, 0, err_msg, &opts);
 
 	use_keepalive = KEEPALIVE_AFTER_NUL;
 	memset(&muxer, 0, sizeof(muxer));
 	muxer.proc = copy_to_sideband;
 	muxer.in = -1;
 	if (start_async(&muxer))
-		return NULL;
+		return 0;
 
-	ret = unpack(muxer.in, si, transaction);
+	opts.err_fd = muxer.in;
+	ret = odb_transaction_write_pack(transaction, 0, err_msg, &opts);
 
 	finish_async(&muxer);
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static void prepare_shallow_update(struct shallow_info *si)
+static void prepare_shallow_update(struct shallow_info *si,
+				   const char *shallow_file)
 {
 	int i, j, k, bitmap_size = DIV_ROUND_UP(si->ref->nr, 32);
 
@@ -2489,12 +2367,13 @@ static void prepare_shallow_update(struct shallow_info *si)
 	 * command. check_connected() will be done with
 	 * true .git/shallow though.
 	 */
-	setenv(GIT_SHALLOW_FILE_ENVIRONMENT, alt_shallow_file, 1);
+	setenv(GIT_SHALLOW_FILE_ENVIRONMENT, shallow_file, 1);
 }
 
 static void update_shallow_info(struct command *commands,
 				struct shallow_info *si,
-				struct oid_array *ref)
+				struct oid_array *ref,
+				const char *shallow_file)
 {
 	struct command *cmd;
 	int *ref_status;
@@ -2513,7 +2392,7 @@ static void update_shallow_info(struct command *commands,
 	si->ref = ref;
 
 	if (shallow_update) {
-		prepare_shallow_update(si);
+		prepare_shallow_update(si, shallow_file);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -2530,13 +2409,13 @@ static void update_shallow_info(struct command *commands,
 	free(ref_status);
 }
 
-static void report(struct command *commands, const char *unpack_status)
+static void report(struct command *commands, const struct strbuf *unpack_status)
 {
 	struct command *cmd;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	packet_buf_write(&buf, "unpack %s\n",
-			 unpack_status ? unpack_status : "ok");
+			 unpack_status->len ? unpack_status->buf : "ok");
 	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
 		if (!cmd->error_string)
 			packet_buf_write(&buf, "ok %s\n",
@@ -2554,14 +2433,14 @@ static void report(struct command *commands, const char *unpack_status)
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
-static void report_v2(struct command *commands, const char *unpack_status)
+static void report_v2(struct command *commands, const struct strbuf *unpack_status)
 {
 	struct command *cmd;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct ref_push_report *report;
 
 	packet_buf_write(&buf, "unpack %s\n",
-			 unpack_status ? unpack_status : "ok");
+			 unpack_status->len ? unpack_status->buf : "ok");
 	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
 		int count = 0;
 
@@ -2652,11 +2531,6 @@ int cmd_receive_pack(int argc,
 	if (cert_nonce_seed)
 		push_cert_nonce = prepare_push_cert_nonce(service_dir, time(NULL));
 
-	if (0 <= receive_unpack_limit)
-		unpack_limit = receive_unpack_limit;
-	else if (0 <= transfer_unpack_limit)
-		unpack_limit = transfer_unpack_limit;
-
 	switch (determine_protocol_version_server()) {
 	case protocol_v2:
 		/*
@@ -2690,8 +2564,8 @@ int cmd_receive_pack(int argc,
 			   PACKET_READ_DIE_ON_ERR_PACKET);
 
 	if ((commands = read_head_info(&reader, &shallow))) {
-		const char *unpack_status = NULL;
 		struct string_list push_options = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+		struct strbuf unpack_status = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 		if (use_push_options)
 			read_push_options(&reader, &push_options);
@@ -2705,21 +2579,27 @@ int cmd_receive_pack(int argc,
 		if (!si.nr_ours && !si.nr_theirs)
 			shallow_update = 0;
 		if (!delete_only(commands)) {
+			const char *alt_shallow_file = NULL;
+
+			if (si.nr_ours || si.nr_theirs)
+				alt_shallow_file = setup_temporary_shallow(si.shallow);
+
 			if (odb_transaction_begin(the_repository->objects, &transaction, ODB_TRANSACTION_RECEIVE))
-				unpack_status = "unable to start object transaction";
+				strbuf_addstr(&unpack_status, "unable to start object transaction");
 			else
-				unpack_status = unpack_with_sideband(&si, transaction);
-			update_shallow_info(commands, &si, &ref);
+				unpack_with_sideband(transaction, alt_shallow_file, &unpack_status);
+
+			update_shallow_info(commands, &si, &ref, alt_shallow_file);
 		}
 		use_keepalive = KEEPALIVE_ALWAYS;
-		execute_commands(commands, unpack_status, &si, transaction,
+		execute_commands(commands, !!unpack_status.len, &si, transaction,
 				 &push_options);
-		delete_tempfile(&pack_lockfile);
+		odb_transaction_finalize(transaction);
 		sigchain_push(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
 		if (report_status_v2)
-			report_v2(commands, unpack_status);
+			report_v2(commands, &unpack_status);
 		else if (report_status)
-			report(commands, unpack_status);
+			report(commands, &unpack_status);
 		sigchain_pop(SIGPIPE);
 		run_receive_hook(commands, "post-receive", 1, NULL,
 				 &push_options);
@@ -2744,6 +2624,7 @@ int cmd_receive_pack(int argc,
 		if (auto_update_server_info)
 			update_server_info(the_repository, 0);
 		clear_shallow_info(&si);
+		strbuf_release(&unpack_status);
 	}
 	if (use_sideband)
 		packet_flush(1);
diff --git a/builtin/unpack-objects.c b/builtin/unpack-objects.c
index 3392a3b87d..351948724a 100644
--- a/builtin/unpack-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/unpack-objects.c
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ static void unpack_all(void)
 		unpack_one(i);
 		display_progress(progress, i + 1);
 	}
-	odb_transaction_commit(transaction);
+	odb_transaction_commit_and_finalize_or_die(transaction);
 	stop_progress(&progress);
 
 	if (delta_list)
diff --git a/builtin/update-index.c b/builtin/update-index.c
index 241abd4332..b25d4ecb10 100644
--- a/builtin/update-index.c
+++ b/builtin/update-index.c
@@ -1156,7 +1156,7 @@ int cmd_update_index(int argc,
 			 * a transaction.
 			 */
 			if (transaction && verbose) {
-				odb_transaction_commit(transaction);
+				odb_transaction_commit_and_finalize_or_die(transaction);
 				transaction = NULL;
 			}
 
@@ -1224,7 +1224,7 @@ int cmd_update_index(int argc,
 	/*
 	 * By now we have added all of the new objects
 	 */
-	odb_transaction_commit(transaction);
+	odb_transaction_commit_and_finalize_or_die(transaction);
 
 	if (split_index > 0) {
 		if (repo_config_get_split_index(the_repository) == 0)
diff --git a/cache-tree.c b/cache-tree.c
index d92f513286..a220372a42 100644
--- a/cache-tree.c
+++ b/cache-tree.c
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ int cache_tree_update(struct index_state *istate, int flags)
 	i = update_one(istate->cache_tree, istate->cache, istate->cache_nr,
 		       "", 0, &skip, flags);
 	if (!inflight)
-		odb_transaction_commit(transaction);
+		odb_transaction_commit_and_finalize_or_die(transaction);
 	trace2_region_leave("cache_tree", "update", istate->repo);
 	trace_performance_leave("cache_tree_update");
 	if (i < 0)
diff --git a/fetch-pack.c b/fetch-pack.c
index 626f799712..5d0296f970 100644
--- a/fetch-pack.c
+++ b/fetch-pack.c
@@ -1075,7 +1075,7 @@ static int get_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
 		die(_("fetch-pack: unable to fork off %s"), cmd_name);
 	if (do_keep && (pack_lockfiles || fsck_objects)) {
 		int is_well_formed;
-		char *pack_lockfile = index_pack_lockfile(the_repository,
+		char *pack_lockfile = index_pack_lockfile(the_repository->objects->sources,
 							  cmd.out,
 							  &is_well_formed);
 
diff --git a/object-file.c b/object-file.c
index 070d079626..a4cbf8b081 100644
--- a/object-file.c
+++ b/object-file.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #define USE_THE_REPOSITORY_VARIABLE
 
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "config.h"
 #include "convert.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "environment.h"
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "packfile.h"
 #include "path.h"
 #include "read-cache-ll.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
 #include "setup.h"
 #include "strvec.h"
 #include "tempfile.h"
@@ -483,10 +485,16 @@ struct transaction_packfile {
 
 struct odb_transaction_files {
 	struct odb_transaction base;
+	enum odb_transaction_flags flags;
 
 	struct tmp_objdir *objdir;
+	struct odb_source *quarantine;
 	struct transaction_packfile packfile;
 	const char *prefix;
+
+	struct tempfile **pack_lockfiles;
+	size_t pack_lockfiles_nr;
+	size_t pack_lockfiles_alloc;
 };
 
 int odb_transaction_files_prepare(struct odb_transaction *base)
@@ -507,7 +515,7 @@ int odb_transaction_files_prepare(struct odb_transaction *base)
 	if (!transaction->objdir)
 		return error(_("unable to create temporary object directory"));
 
-	tmp_objdir_replace_primary_odb(transaction->objdir, 0);
+	transaction->quarantine = tmp_objdir_replace_primary_odb(transaction->objdir, 0);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -965,7 +973,7 @@ int index_fd(struct index_state *istate, struct object_id *oid,
 			ret = odb_transaction_write_object_stream(transaction,
 								  stream, oid);
 			if (!inflight)
-				odb_transaction_commit(transaction);
+				odb_transaction_commit_and_finalize_or_die(transaction);
 		} else {
 			ret = hash_stream(stream, the_repository->hash_algo, oid);
 		}
@@ -1288,6 +1296,174 @@ static int odb_transaction_files_commit(struct odb_transaction *base)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static const char *parse_pack_header(struct pack_header *hdr, int pack_fd)
+{
+	switch (read_pack_header(pack_fd, hdr)) {
+	case PH_ERROR_EOF:
+		return "eof before pack header was fully read";
+
+	case PH_ERROR_PACK_SIGNATURE:
+		return "protocol error (pack signature mismatch detected)";
+
+	case PH_ERROR_PROTOCOL:
+		return "protocol error (pack version unsupported)";
+
+	default:
+		return "unknown error in parse_pack_header";
+
+	case 0:
+		return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static void push_header_arg(struct strvec *args, struct pack_header *hdr)
+{
+	strvec_pushf(args, "--pack_header=%"PRIu32",%"PRIu32,
+		     ntohl(hdr->hdr_version), ntohl(hdr->hdr_entries));
+}
+
+static unsigned int get_unpack_limit(struct repository *repo,
+				     enum odb_transaction_flags flags)
+{
+	unsigned int limit = 0;
+
+	if (flags & ODB_TRANSACTION_RECEIVE) {
+		limit = 100;
+		repo_config_get_uint(repo, "transfer.unpacklimit", &limit);
+		repo_config_get_uint(repo, "receive.unpacklimit", &limit);
+	}
+
+	return limit;
+}
+
+static int odb_transaction_files_write_pack(struct odb_transaction *base,
+					    int pack_fd, struct strbuf *err_msg,
+					    const struct odb_transaction_write_pack_opts *opts)
+{
+	struct odb_transaction_files *transaction =
+		container_of(base, struct odb_transaction_files, base);
+	struct repository *repo = base->source->odb->repo;
+	struct child_process child = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	struct pack_header hdr;
+	const char *hdr_err;
+	int err_fd = opts->err_fd;
+	int status;
+
+	hdr_err = parse_pack_header(&hdr, pack_fd);
+	if (hdr_err) {
+		if (err_fd > 0)
+			close(err_fd);
+		strbuf_addstr(err_msg, hdr_err);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (opts->shallow_file) {
+		strvec_push(&child.args, "--shallow-file");
+		strvec_push(&child.args, opts->shallow_file);
+	}
+
+	odb_transaction_env(base, &child.env);
+
+	if (ntohl(hdr.hdr_entries) < get_unpack_limit(repo, transaction->flags)) {
+		strvec_push(&child.args, "unpack-objects");
+		push_header_arg(&child.args, &hdr);
+		if (opts->quiet)
+			strvec_push(&child.args, "-q");
+		if (opts->fsck_objects)
+			strvec_pushf(&child.args, "--strict%s",
+				     opts->fsck_msg_types);
+		if (opts->max_input_size)
+			strvec_pushf(&child.args, "--max-input-size=%"PRIuMAX,
+				     (uintmax_t)opts->max_input_size);
+		child.no_stdout = 1;
+		child.in = pack_fd;
+		child.err = err_fd;
+		child.git_cmd = 1;
+		status = run_command(&child);
+		if (status) {
+			strbuf_addstr(err_msg, "unpack-objects abnormal exit");
+			return -1;
+		}
+	} else {
+		char hostname[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1];
+		char *lockfile;
+
+		strvec_pushl(&child.args, "index-pack", "--stdin", NULL);
+		push_header_arg(&child.args, &hdr);
+
+		if (xgethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)))
+			xsnprintf(hostname, sizeof(hostname), "localhost");
+		strvec_pushf(&child.args,
+			     "--keep=receive-pack %"PRIuMAX" on %s",
+			     (uintmax_t)getpid(),
+			     hostname);
+
+		if (!opts->quiet && err_fd)
+			strvec_push(&child.args, "--show-resolving-progress");
+		if (err_fd)
+			strvec_push(&child.args, "--report-end-of-input");
+		if (opts->fsck_objects)
+			strvec_pushf(&child.args, "--strict%s",
+				     opts->fsck_msg_types);
+		if (!opts->reject_thin)
+			strvec_push(&child.args, "--fix-thin");
+		if (opts->max_input_size)
+			strvec_pushf(&child.args, "--max-input-size=%"PRIuMAX,
+				     (uintmax_t)opts->max_input_size);
+		child.out = -1;
+		child.in = pack_fd;
+		child.err = err_fd;
+		child.git_cmd = 1;
+		status = start_command(&child);
+		if (status) {
+			strbuf_addstr(err_msg, "index-pack fork failed");
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * The lockfile filepath is expected to be the final location of
+		 * the ".keep" file after being migrated to the main ODB source.
+		 * This ensures the lockfile can be found and removed later
+		 * after the ODB transaction has been committed.
+		 */
+		lockfile = index_pack_lockfile(base->source, child.out, NULL);
+		if (lockfile) {
+			ALLOC_GROW(transaction->pack_lockfiles,
+				   transaction->pack_lockfiles_nr + 1,
+				   transaction->pack_lockfiles_alloc);
+			transaction->pack_lockfiles[transaction->pack_lockfiles_nr++] =
+				register_tempfile(lockfile);
+			free(lockfile);
+		}
+		close(child.out);
+
+		status = finish_command(&child);
+		if (status) {
+			strbuf_addstr(err_msg, "index-pack abnormal exit");
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		odb_source_prepare(transaction->quarantine,
+				   ODB_PREPARE_FLUSH_CACHES);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int odb_transaction_files_finalize(struct odb_transaction *base)
+{
+	struct odb_transaction_files *transaction =
+		container_of(base, struct odb_transaction_files, base);
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < transaction->pack_lockfiles_nr; i++)
+		ret |= delete_tempfile(&transaction->pack_lockfiles[i]);
+
+	free(transaction->pack_lockfiles);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 static int odb_transaction_files_env(struct odb_transaction *base,
 				     struct strvec *env)
 {
@@ -1311,8 +1487,11 @@ int odb_transaction_files_begin(struct odb_source *source,
 	transaction = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*transaction));
 	transaction->base.source = source;
 	transaction->base.commit = odb_transaction_files_commit;
+	transaction->base.finalize = odb_transaction_files_finalize;
 	transaction->base.write_object_stream = odb_transaction_files_write_object_stream;
+	transaction->base.write_pack = odb_transaction_files_write_pack;
 	transaction->base.env = odb_transaction_files_env;
+	transaction->flags = flags;
 
 	transaction->prefix = "bulk-fsync";
 	if (flags & ODB_TRANSACTION_RECEIVE) {
diff --git a/odb.c b/odb.c
index a70171251d..0a2e8c5e9f 100644
--- a/odb.c
+++ b/odb.c
@@ -254,7 +254,8 @@ struct odb_source *odb_add_to_alternates_memory(struct object_database *odb,
 }
 
 struct odb_source *odb_set_temporary_primary_source(struct object_database *odb,
-						    const char *dir, int will_destroy)
+						    const char *dir, int will_destroy,
+						    struct odb_source **prev_source)
 {
 	struct odb_source *source;
 
@@ -272,7 +273,11 @@ struct odb_source *odb_set_temporary_primary_source(struct object_database *odb,
 	source->will_destroy = will_destroy;
 	source->next = odb->sources;
 	odb->sources = source;
-	return source->next;
+
+	if (prev_source)
+		*prev_source = source->next;
+
+	return source;
 }
 
 void odb_restore_primary_source(struct object_database *odb,
diff --git a/odb.h b/odb.h
index 1de105d6bd..162461f2ce 100644
--- a/odb.h
+++ b/odb.h
@@ -216,10 +216,12 @@ struct odb_source *odb_find_source_or_die(struct object_database *odb, const cha
 
 /*
  * Replace the current writable object directory with the specified temporary
- * object directory; returns the former primary source.
+ * object directory and return the newly installed primary source. The former
+ * primary source is reported via `prev_source` when non-NULL.
  */
 struct odb_source *odb_set_temporary_primary_source(struct object_database *odb,
-						    const char *dir, int will_destroy);
+						    const char *dir, int will_destroy,
+						    struct odb_source **prev_source);
 
 /*
  * Restore the primary source that was previously replaced by
diff --git a/odb/transaction.c b/odb/transaction.c
index 69d71b9e97..f6f20088ec 100644
--- a/odb/transaction.c
+++ b/odb/transaction.c
@@ -33,6 +33,20 @@ int odb_transaction_commit(struct odb_transaction *transaction)
 
 	ret = transaction->commit(transaction);
 	transaction->source->odb->transaction = NULL;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int odb_transaction_finalize(struct odb_transaction *transaction)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	if (!transaction)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (transaction->finalize)
+		ret = transaction->finalize(transaction);
+
 	free(transaction);
 
 	return ret;
@@ -45,6 +59,13 @@ int odb_transaction_write_object_stream(struct odb_transaction *transaction,
 	return transaction->write_object_stream(transaction, stream, oid);
 }
 
+int odb_transaction_write_pack(struct odb_transaction *transaction, int pack_fd,
+			       struct strbuf *err_msg,
+			       const struct odb_transaction_write_pack_opts *opts)
+{
+	return transaction->write_pack(transaction, pack_fd, err_msg, opts);
+}
+
 int odb_transaction_env(struct odb_transaction *transaction, struct strvec *env)
 {
 	if (!transaction)
diff --git a/odb/transaction.h b/odb/transaction.h
index 65248a409c..2a40c85bc8 100644
--- a/odb/transaction.h
+++ b/odb/transaction.h
@@ -4,6 +4,50 @@
 #include "gettext.h"
 #include "odb.h"
 
+/*
+ * Options controlling how odb_transaction_write_pack() ingests a packfile.
+ */
+struct odb_transaction_write_pack_opts {
+	/*
+	 * Optional fsck severity configuration to apply when incoming objects
+	 * are verified.
+	 */
+	const char *fsck_msg_types;
+
+	/*
+	 * Path to an alternative shallow file describing the shallow boundaries
+	 * to honor while ingesting the pack.
+	 */
+	const char *shallow_file;
+
+	/*
+	 * The max size in bytes of the incoming packfile allowed. No limit is
+	 * enforced when set to 0.
+	 */
+	off_t max_input_size;
+
+	/*
+	 * Whether the validity of incoming objects should be verified.
+	 */
+	int fsck_objects;
+
+	/*
+	 * Whether to reject an incoming packfile if it is "thin".
+	 */
+	int reject_thin;
+
+	/*
+	 * Optional file descriptor for reporting progress and errors. Set to 0
+	 * for none.
+	 */
+	int err_fd;
+
+	/*
+	 * Suppresses progress reporting.
+	 */
+	int quiet;
+};
+
 /*
  * A transaction may be started for an object database prior to writing new
  * objects via odb_transaction_begin(). These objects are not committed until
@@ -22,6 +66,13 @@ struct odb_transaction {
 	 */
 	int (*commit)(struct odb_transaction *transaction);
 
+	/*
+	 * Optional ODB source specific callback invoked when the transaction
+	 * needs to perform any deferred cleanup after objects have been
+	 * committed. Returns 0 on success, a negative error code otherwise.
+	 */
+	int (*finalize)(struct odb_transaction *transaction);
+
 	/*
 	 * This callback is expected to write the given object stream into
 	 * the ODB transaction.
@@ -33,6 +84,15 @@ struct odb_transaction {
 	int (*write_object_stream)(struct odb_transaction *transaction,
 				   struct odb_stream *stream,
 				   struct object_id *oid);
+	/*
+	 * This callback is expected to ingest the packfile readable via
+	 * `pack_fd` into the transaction. Returns 0 on success, a negative
+	 * error code otherwise. On failure, a human-readable description is
+	 * appended to `err_msg`.
+	 */
+	int (*write_pack)(struct odb_transaction *transaction, int pack_fd,
+			  struct strbuf *err_msg,
+			  const struct odb_transaction_write_pack_opts *opts);
 
 	/*
 	 * This callback is expected to populate the provided strvec with the
@@ -75,6 +135,22 @@ static inline void odb_transaction_begin_or_die(struct object_database *odb,
  */
 int odb_transaction_commit(struct odb_transaction *transaction);
 
+/*
+ * Finalizes an ODB transaction, performing any deferred cleanup and freeing it.
+ * Must be called for every successfully started transaction. Note that, if the
+ * specified transaction is NULL, the function is a no-op. Returns 0 on success,
+ * a negative error code otherwise.
+ */
+int odb_transaction_finalize(struct odb_transaction *transaction);
+
+static inline void odb_transaction_commit_and_finalize_or_die(struct odb_transaction *transaction)
+{
+	if (odb_transaction_commit(transaction))
+		die(_("failed to commit ODB transaction"));
+	if (odb_transaction_finalize(transaction))
+		die(_("failed to finalize ODB transaction"));
+}
+
 /*
  * Writes the object in the provided stream into the transaction. The resulting
  * object ID is written into the out pointer. Returns 0 on success, a negative
@@ -84,6 +160,15 @@ int odb_transaction_write_object_stream(struct odb_transaction *transaction,
 					struct odb_stream *stream,
 					struct object_id *oid);
 
+/*
+ * Ingests the packfile readable via `pack_fd` into the transaction. Returns 0
+ * on success, a negative error code otherwise. On failure, a human-readable
+ * description is appended to `err_msg`.
+ */
+int odb_transaction_write_pack(struct odb_transaction *transaction, int pack_fd,
+			       struct strbuf *err_msg,
+			       const struct odb_transaction_write_pack_opts *opts);
+
 /*
  * Populates the provided strvec with the environment variables that a child
  * process should inherit so that its object writes participate in the
diff --git a/pack-write.c b/pack-write.c
index 24033a9101..85674e4b72 100644
--- a/pack-write.c
+++ b/pack-write.c
@@ -469,10 +469,11 @@ void fixup_pack_header_footer(const struct git_hash_algo *hash_algo,
 	fsync_component_or_die(FSYNC_COMPONENT_PACK, pack_fd, pack_name);
 }
 
-char *index_pack_lockfile(struct repository *r, int ip_out, int *is_well_formed)
+char *index_pack_lockfile(struct odb_source *source, int ip_out,
+			  int *is_well_formed)
 {
 	char packname[GIT_MAX_HEXSZ + 6];
-	const int len = r->hash_algo->hexsz + 6;
+	const int len = source->odb->repo->hash_algo->hexsz + 6;
 
 	/*
 	 * The first thing we expect from index-pack's output
@@ -489,7 +490,7 @@ char *index_pack_lockfile(struct repository *r, int ip_out, int *is_well_formed)
 		packname[len-1] = 0;
 		if (skip_prefix(packname, "keep\t", &name))
 			return xstrfmt("%s/pack/pack-%s.keep",
-				       repo_get_object_directory(r), name);
+				       source->path, name);
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	if (is_well_formed)
diff --git a/pack.h b/pack.h
index 1cde92082b..ada506b5c5 100644
--- a/pack.h
+++ b/pack.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 struct packed_git;
 struct pack_window;
 struct repository;
+struct odb_source;
 
 /*
  * Packed object header
@@ -105,7 +106,8 @@ off_t write_pack_header(struct hashfile *f, uint32_t);
 void fixup_pack_header_footer(const struct git_hash_algo *, int,
 			      unsigned char *, const char *, uint32_t,
 			      unsigned char *, off_t);
-char *index_pack_lockfile(struct repository *r, int fd, int *is_well_formed);
+char *index_pack_lockfile(struct odb_source *source, int fd,
+			  int *is_well_formed);
 
 struct ref;
 
diff --git a/read-cache.c b/read-cache.c
index c076984858..8044ff820b 100644
--- a/read-cache.c
+++ b/read-cache.c
@@ -4062,7 +4062,7 @@ int add_files_to_cache(struct repository *repo, const char *prefix,
 		odb_transaction_begin_or_die(repo->objects, &transaction, 0);
 	run_diff_files(&rev, DIFF_RACY_IS_MODIFIED);
 	if (!inflight)
-		odb_transaction_commit(transaction);
+		odb_transaction_commit_and_finalize_or_die(transaction);
 
 	release_revisions(&rev);
 	return !!data.add_errors;
diff --git a/t/t5547-push-quarantine.sh b/t/t5547-push-quarantine.sh
index 0798ddab02..1b7097179e 100755
--- a/t/t5547-push-quarantine.sh
+++ b/t/t5547-push-quarantine.sh
@@ -70,4 +70,35 @@ test_expect_success 'updating a ref from quarantine is forbidden' '
 	git -C update.git fsck
 '
 
+test_expect_success '.keep file is removed after push' '
+	test_when_finished rm -rf keep.git &&
+	git init --bare keep.git &&
+
+	git -C keep.git config set receive.unpackLimit 0 &&
+
+	# While incoming objects are still quarantined, validate that the
+	# ".keep" lockfile is present in the quarantine directory.
+	test_hook -C keep.git pre-receive <<-\EOF &&
+	keep="$(ls "$GIT_QUARANTINE_PATH"/pack/pack-*.keep)" &&
+	test -f "$keep"
+	EOF
+
+	# After quarantined objects are migrated, validate that the ".keep"
+	# lockfile is migrated and present in the main ODB.
+	test_hook -C keep.git reference-transaction <<-\EOF &&
+	keep="$(ls objects/pack/pack-*.keep)" &&
+	test -f "$keep"
+	EOF
+
+	test_commit foo &&
+	git push keep.git HEAD &&
+
+	# Once the operation is complete, validate that the ".keep" lockfile has
+	# been removed.
+	pack="$(ls keep.git/objects/pack/pack-*.pack)" &&
+	keep="${pack%.pack}.keep" &&
+	test_path_is_file "$pack" &&
+	test_path_is_missing "$keep"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/tmp-objdir.c b/tmp-objdir.c
index 520df2df8c..0eaa79ffd7 100644
--- a/tmp-objdir.c
+++ b/tmp-objdir.c
@@ -326,11 +326,13 @@ void tmp_objdir_add_as_alternate(const struct tmp_objdir *t)
 	odb_add_to_alternates_memory(t->repo->objects, t->path.buf);
 }
 
-void tmp_objdir_replace_primary_odb(struct tmp_objdir *t, int will_destroy)
+struct odb_source *tmp_objdir_replace_primary_odb(struct tmp_objdir *t,
+						  int will_destroy)
 {
 	if (t->prev_source)
 		BUG("the primary object database is already replaced");
-	t->prev_source = odb_set_temporary_primary_source(t->repo->objects,
-							  t->path.buf, will_destroy);
 	t->will_destroy = will_destroy;
+
+	return odb_set_temporary_primary_source(t->repo->objects, t->path.buf,
+						will_destroy, &t->prev_source);
 }
diff --git a/tmp-objdir.h b/tmp-objdir.h
index ccf800faa7..81eb927413 100644
--- a/tmp-objdir.h
+++ b/tmp-objdir.h
@@ -64,8 +64,10 @@ void tmp_objdir_add_as_alternate(const struct tmp_objdir *);
 /*
  * Replaces the writable object store in the current process with the temporary
  * object directory and makes the former main object store an alternate.
- * If will_destroy is nonzero, the object directory may not be migrated.
+ * If will_destroy is nonzero, the object directory may not be migrated. Returns
+ * the newly installed primary source.
  */
-void tmp_objdir_replace_primary_odb(struct tmp_objdir *, int will_destroy);
+struct odb_source *tmp_objdir_replace_primary_odb(struct tmp_objdir *,
+						  int will_destroy);
 
 #endif /* TMP_OBJDIR_H */