Merge branch 'jk/portable'

* jk/portable:
  t6000lib: re-fix tr portability
  t7505: use SHELL_PATH in hook
  t9112: add missing #!/bin/sh header
  filter-branch: use $SHELL_PATH instead of 'sh'
  filter-branch: don't use xargs -0
  add NO_EXTERNAL_GREP build option
  t6000lib: tr portability fix
  t4020: don't use grep -a
  add test_cmp function for test scripts
  remove use of "tail -n 1" and "tail -1"
  grep portability fix: don't use "-e" or "-q"
  more tr portability test script fixes
  t0050: perl portability fix
  tr portability fixes

Makefile

@@ -148,6 +148,9 @@ all::
 # is a simplified version of the merge sort used in glibc. This is
 # recommended if Git triggers O(n^2) behavior in your platform's qsort().
 #
+# Define NO_EXTERNAL_GREP if you don't want "git grep" to ever call
+# your external grep (e.g., if your system lacks grep, if its grep is
+# broken, or spawning external process is slower than built-in grep git has).
 
 GIT-VERSION-FILE: .FORCE-GIT-VERSION-FILE
 	@$(SHELL_PATH) ./GIT-VERSION-GEN
@@ -760,6 +763,9 @@ endif
 ifdef DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DDIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS
 endif
+ifdef NO_EXTERNAL_GREP
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_EXTERNAL_GREP
+endif
 
 ifeq ($(TCLTK_PATH),)
 NO_TCLTK=NoThanks
@@ -867,6 +873,7 @@ common-cmds.h: $(wildcard Documentation/git-*.txt)
 $(patsubst %.sh,%,$(SCRIPT_SH)) : % : %.sh
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
 	sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
+	    -e 's|@SHELL_PATH@|$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
 	    -e 's|@@PERL@@|$(PERL_PATH_SQ)|g' \
 	    -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
 	    -e 's/@@NO_CURL@@/$(NO_CURL)/g' \

builtin-grep.c

@@ -12,6 +12,14 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "grep.h"
 
+#ifndef NO_EXTERNAL_GREP
+#ifdef __unix__
+#define NO_EXTERNAL_GREP 0
+#else
+#define NO_EXTERNAL_GREP 1
+#endif
+#endif
+
 /*
  * git grep pathspecs are somewhat different from diff-tree pathspecs;
  * pathname wildcards are allowed.
@@ -153,7 +161,7 @@ static int grep_file(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *filename)
 	return i;
 }
 
-#ifdef __unix__
+#if !NO_EXTERNAL_GREP
 static int exec_grep(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
 	pid_t pid;
@@ -372,7 +380,7 @@ static int grep_cache(struct grep_opt *opt, const char **paths, int cached)
 	int nr;
 	read_cache();
 
-#ifdef __unix__
+#if !NO_EXTERNAL_GREP
 	/*
 	 * Use the external "grep" command for the case where
 	 * we grep through the checked-out files. It tends to

git-am.sh

@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ do
 		LAST_SIGNED_OFF_BY=`
 		    sed -ne '/^Signed-off-by: /p' \
 		    "$dotest/msg-clean" |
-		    tail -n 1
+		    sed -ne '$p'
 		`
 		ADD_SIGNOFF=`
 		    test "$LAST_SIGNED_OFF_BY" = "$SIGNOFF" || {

git-bisect.sh

@@ -293,14 +293,14 @@ bisect_next() {
 	bisect_next_check good
 
 	skip=$(git for-each-ref --format='%(objectname)' \
-		"refs/bisect/skip-*" | tr '[\012]' ' ') || exit
+		"refs/bisect/skip-*" | tr '\012' ' ') || exit
 
 	BISECT_OPT=''
 	test -n "$skip" && BISECT_OPT='--bisect-all'
 
 	bad=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/bisect/bad) &&
 	good=$(git for-each-ref --format='^%(objectname)' \
-		"refs/bisect/good-*" | tr '[\012]' ' ') &&
+		"refs/bisect/good-*" | tr '\012' ' ') &&
 	eval="git rev-list --bisect-vars $BISECT_OPT $good $bad --" &&
 	eval="$eval $(cat "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_NAMES")" &&
 	eval=$(filter_skipped "$eval" "$skip") &&

git-filter-branch.sh

@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ eval "$functions"
 # "author" or "committer
 
 set_ident () {
-	lid="$(echo "$1" | tr "A-Z" "a-z")"
-	uid="$(echo "$1" | tr "a-z" "A-Z")"
+	lid="$(echo "$1" | tr "[A-Z]" "[a-z]")"
+	uid="$(echo "$1" | tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]")"
 	pick_id_script='
 		/^'$lid' /{
 			s/'\''/'\''\\'\'\''/g
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ while read commit parents; do
 			die "Could not checkout the index"
 		# files that $commit removed are now still in the working tree;
 		# remove them, else they would be added again
-		git ls-files -z --others | xargs -0 rm -f
+		git clean -q -f -x
 		eval "$filter_tree" < /dev/null ||
 			die "tree filter failed: $filter_tree"
 
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ while read commit parents; do
 	sed -e '1,/^$/d' <../commit | \
 		eval "$filter_msg" > ../message ||
 			die "msg filter failed: $filter_msg"
-	sh -c "$filter_commit" "git commit-tree" \
+	@SHELL_PATH@ -c "$filter_commit" "git commit-tree" \
 		$(git write-tree) $parentstr < ../message > ../map/$commit
 done <../revs
 

git-rebase--interactive.sh

@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ mark_action_done () {
 	sed -e 1q < "$TODO" >> "$DONE"
 	sed -e 1d < "$TODO" >> "$TODO".new
 	mv -f "$TODO".new "$TODO"
-	count=$(($(grep -ve '^$' -e '^#' < "$DONE" | wc -l)))
-	total=$(($count+$(grep -ve '^$' -e '^#' < "$TODO" | wc -l)))
+	count=$(grep -c '^[^#]' < "$DONE")
+	total=$(($count+$(grep -c '^[^#]' < "$TODO")))
 	if test "$last_count" != "$count"
 	then
 		last_count=$count
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ die_abort () {
 }
 
 has_action () {
-	grep -vqe '^$' -e '^#' "$1"
+	grep '^[^#]' "$1" >/dev/null
 }
 
 pick_one () {
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ nth_string () {
 make_squash_message () {
 	if test -f "$SQUASH_MSG"; then
 		COUNT=$(($(sed -n "s/^# This is [^0-9]*\([1-9][0-9]*\).*/\1/p" \
-			< "$SQUASH_MSG" | tail -n 1)+1))
+			< "$SQUASH_MSG" | sed -ne '$p')+1))
 		echo "# This is a combination of $COUNT commits."
 		sed -e 1d -e '2,/^./{
 			/^$/d

git-submodule.sh

@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ cmd_init()
 		shift
 	done
 
-	git ls-files --stage -- "$@" | grep -e '^160000 ' |
+	git ls-files --stage -- "$@" | grep '^160000 ' |
 	while read mode sha1 stage path
 	do
 		# Skip already registered paths
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ cmd_update()
 		shift
 	done
 
-	git ls-files --stage -- "$@" | grep -e '^160000 ' |
+	git ls-files --stage -- "$@" | grep '^160000 ' |
 	while read mode sha1 stage path
 	do
 		name=$(module_name "$path") || exit
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ cmd_status()
 		shift
 	done
 
-	git ls-files --stage -- "$@" | grep -e '^160000 ' |
+	git ls-files --stage -- "$@" | grep '^160000 ' |
 	while read mode sha1 stage path
 	do
 		name=$(module_name "$path") || exit

t/diff-lib.sh

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ compare_diff_raw_z () {
     # Also we do not check SHA1 hash generation in this test, which
     # is a job for t0000-basic.sh
 
-    tr '\000' '\012' <"$1" | sed -e "$sanitize_diff_raw_z" >.tmp-1
-    tr '\000' '\012' <"$2" | sed -e "$sanitize_diff_raw_z" >.tmp-2
+    perl -pe 'y/\000/\012/' <"$1" | sed -e "$sanitize_diff_raw_z" >.tmp-1
+    perl -pe 'y/\000/\012/' <"$2" | sed -e "$sanitize_diff_raw_z" >.tmp-2
     git diff .tmp-1 .tmp-2 && rm -f .tmp-1 .tmp-2
 }
 

t/t0003-attributes.sh

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ attr_check () {
 
 	git check-attr test -- "$path" >actual &&
 	echo "$path: test: $2" >expect &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 
 }
 

t/t0020-crlf.sh

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ test_description='CRLF conversion'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 q_to_nul () {
-	tr Q '\000'
+	perl -pe 'y/Q/\000/'
 }
 
 q_to_cr () {

t/t0022-crlf-rename.sh

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ test_expect_success 'diff -M' '
 	git diff-tree -M -r --name-status HEAD^ HEAD |
 	sed -e "s/R[0-9]*/RNUM/" >actual &&
 	echo "RNUM	sample	elpmas" >expect &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 

t/t0030-stripspace.sh

@@ -245,12 +245,12 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 test_expect_success \
     'text plus spaces without newline at end should not show spaces' '
-    ! (printf "$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ") &&
-    ! (printf "$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ") &&
-    ! (printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ") &&
-    ! (printf "$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ") &&
-    ! (printf "$ttt$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ") &&
-    ! (printf "$ttt$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ")
+    ! (printf "$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$ttt$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$ttt$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null)
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -282,12 +282,12 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 test_expect_success \
     'text plus spaces at end should not show spaces' '
-    ! (echo "$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ") &&
-    ! (echo "$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ") &&
-    ! (echo "$ttt$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ") &&
-    ! (echo "$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ") &&
-    ! (echo "$ttt$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ") &&
-    ! (echo "$ttt$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q "  ")
+    ! (echo "$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (echo "$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (echo "$ttt$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (echo "$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (echo "$ttt$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (echo "$ttt$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep "  " >/dev/null)
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -341,11 +341,11 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 test_expect_success \
     'spaces without newline at end should not show spaces' '
-    ! (printf "" | git stripspace | grep -q " ") &&
-    ! (printf "$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q " ") &&
-    ! (printf "$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q " ") &&
-    ! (printf "$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q " ") &&
-    ! (printf "$sss$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep -q " ")
+    ! (printf "" | git stripspace | grep " " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$sss" | git stripspace | grep " " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep " " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep " " >/dev/null) &&
+    ! (printf "$sss$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | grep " " >/dev/null)
 '
 
 test_expect_success \

t/t0050-filesystem.sh

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ test_description='Various filesystem issues'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-auml=`perl -CO -e 'print pack("U",0x00E4)'`
-aumlcdiar=`perl -CO -e 'print pack("U",0x0061).pack("U",0x0308)'`
+auml=`printf '\xc3\xa4'`
+aumlcdiar=`printf '\x61\xcc\x88'`
 
 test_expect_success 'see if we expect ' '
 

t/t1005-read-tree-reset.sh

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 test_expect_success 'reset should work' '
   git read-tree -u --reset HEAD^ &&
   git ls-files >actual &&
-  diff -u expect actual
+  test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_done

t/t1300-repo-config.sh

@@ -657,12 +657,12 @@ Qsection.sub=section.val4
 Qsection.sub=section.val5Q
 EOF
 
-git config --null --list | tr '\000' 'Q' > result
+git config --null --list | perl -pe 'y/\000/Q/' > result
 echo >>result
 
 test_expect_success '--null --list' 'cmp result expect'
 
-git config --null --get-regexp 'val[0-9]' | tr '\000' 'Q' > result
+git config --null --get-regexp 'val[0-9]' | perl -pe 'y/\000/Q/' > result
 echo >>result
 
 test_expect_success '--null --get-regexp' 'cmp result expect'

t/t2200-add-update.sh

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cache tree has not been corrupted' '
 	sed -e "s/ 0	/	/" >expect &&
 	git ls-tree -r $(git write-tree) |
 	sed -e "s/ blob / /" >current &&
-	diff -u expect current
+	test_cmp expect current
 
 '
 

t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ cat > expect << EOF
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'git-status honours core.excludesfile' \
-	'diff -u expect output'
+	'test_cmp expect output'
 
 test_expect_success 'trailing slash in exclude allows directory match(1)' '
 

t/t3050-subprojects-fetch.sh

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ test_expect_success clone '
 		cd cloned &&
 		(git rev-parse HEAD; git ls-files -s) >../actual
 	) &&
-	diff -u expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success advance '
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ test_expect_success fetch '
 		git pull &&
 		(git rev-parse HEAD; git ls-files -s) >../actual
 	) &&
-	diff -u expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 test_done

t/t3060-ls-files-with-tree.sh

@@ -66,6 +66,6 @@ test_expect_success 'git -ls-files --with-tree should succeed from subdir' '
 cd ..
 test_expect_success \
     'git -ls-files --with-tree should add entries from named tree.' \
-    'diff -u expected output'
+    'test_cmp expected output'
 
 test_done

t/t3201-branch-contains.sh

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ test_expect_success 'branch --contains=master' '
 	{
 		echo "  master" && echo "* side"
 	} >expect &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ test_expect_success 'branch --contains master' '
 	{
 		echo "  master" && echo "* side"
 	} >expect &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ test_expect_success 'branch --contains=side' '
 	{
 		echo "* side"
 	} >expect &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 

t/t3300-funny-names.sh

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ echo 'just space
 no-funny
 tabs	," (dq) and spaces' >expected
 test_expect_success 'git ls-files -z with-funny' \
-	'git ls-files -z | tr \\000 \\012 >current &&
+	'git ls-files -z | perl -pe y/\\000/\\012/ >current &&
 	git diff expected current'
 
 t1=`git write-tree`
@@ -83,11 +83,11 @@ test_expect_success 'git diff-tree with-funny' \
 echo 'A
 tabs	," (dq) and spaces' >expected
 test_expect_success 'git diff-index -z with-funny' \
-	'git diff-index -z --name-status $t0 | tr \\000 \\012 >current &&
+	'git diff-index -z --name-status $t0 | perl -pe y/\\000/\\012/ >current &&
 	git diff expected current'
 
 test_expect_success 'git diff-tree -z with-funny' \
-	'git diff-tree -z --name-status $t0 $t1 | tr \\000 \\012 >current &&
+	'git diff-tree -z --name-status $t0 $t1 | perl -pe y/\\000/\\012/ >current &&
 	git diff expected current'
 
 cat > expected <<\EOF

t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh

@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ test_expect_success 'reflog for the branch shows state before rebase' '
 
 test_expect_success 'exchange two commits' '
 	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase -i HEAD~2 &&
-	test H = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | tail -n 1) &&
-	test G = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | tail -n 1)
+	test H = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test G = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
@@ -146,11 +146,10 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'stop on conflicting pick' '
 	git tag new-branch1 &&
 	! git rebase -i master &&
-	diff -u expect .git/.dotest-merge/patch &&
-	diff -u expect2 file1 &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/.dotest-merge/patch &&
+	test_cmp expect2 file1 &&
 	test 4 = $(grep -v "^#" < .git/.dotest-merge/done | wc -l) &&
-	test 0 = $(grep -ve "^#" -e "^$" < .git/.dotest-merge/git-rebase-todo |
-		wc -l)
+	test 0 = $(grep -c "^[^#]" < .git/.dotest-merge/git-rebase-todo)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'abort' '

t/t3405-rebase-malformed.sh

@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ test_expect_success rebase '
 	git rebase master side &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^\$/d" >F1 &&
 
-	diff -u F0 F1 &&
-	diff -u F F0
+	test_cmp F0 F1 &&
+	test_cmp F F0
 '
 
 test_done

t/t3406-rebase-message.sh

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -m' '
 	git rebase -m master >report &&
 	sed -n -e "/^Already applied: /p" \
 		-e "/^Committed: /p" report >actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 

t/t3701-add-interactive.sh

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'diff works (initial)' '
 	(echo d; echo 1) | git add -i >output &&
 	sed -ne "/new file/,/content/p" <output >diff &&
-	diff -u expected diff
+	test_cmp expected diff
 '
 test_expect_success 'revert works (initial)' '
 	git add file &&
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'diff works (commit)' '
 	(echo d; echo 1) | git add -i >output &&
 	sed -ne "/^index/,/content/p" <output >diff &&
-	diff -u expected diff
+	test_cmp expected diff
 '
 test_expect_success 'revert works (commit)' '
 	git add file &&

t/t3800-mktag.sh

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ check_verify_failure () {
 	expect="$2"
 	test_expect_success "$1" '
 		( ! git-mktag <tag.sig 2>message ) &&
-		grep -q "$expect" message
+		grep "$expect" message
 	'
 }
 

t/t3902-quoted.sh

@@ -78,28 +78,28 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from ls-files' '
 
-	git ls-files >current && diff -u expect.quoted current
+	git ls-files >current && test_cmp expect.quoted current
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-files' '
 
 	git diff --name-only >current &&
-	diff -u expect.quoted current
+	test_cmp expect.quoted current
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-index' '
 
 	git diff --name-only HEAD >current &&
-	diff -u expect.quoted current
+	test_cmp expect.quoted current
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-tree' '
 
 	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD >current &&
-	diff -u expect.quoted current
+	test_cmp expect.quoted current
 
 '
 
@@ -111,28 +111,28 @@ test_expect_success 'setting core.quotepath' '
 
 test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from ls-files' '
 
-	git ls-files >current && diff -u expect.raw current
+	git ls-files >current && test_cmp expect.raw current
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-files' '
 
 	git diff --name-only >current &&
-	diff -u expect.raw current
+	test_cmp expect.raw current
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-index' '
 
 	git diff --name-only HEAD >current &&
-	diff -u expect.raw current
+	test_cmp expect.raw current
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-tree' '
 
 	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD >current &&
-	diff -u expect.raw current
+	test_cmp expect.raw current
 
 '
 

t/t3903-stash.sh

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'parents of stash' '
 	test $(git rev-parse stash^) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	git diff stash^2..stash > output &&
-	diff -u output expect
+	test_cmp output expect
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply needs clean working directory' '

t/t4020-diff-external.sh

@@ -99,11 +99,12 @@ test_expect_success 'no diff with -diff' '
 	git diff | grep Binary
 '
 
-echo NULZbetweenZwords | tr Z '\000' > file
+echo NULZbetweenZwords | perl -pe 'y/Z/\000/' > file
 
 test_expect_success 'force diff with "diff"' '
 	echo >.gitattributes "file diff" &&
-	git diff | grep -a second
+	git diff >actual &&
+	test_cmp ../t4020/diff.NUL actual
 '
 
 test_done

t/t4022-diff-rewrite.sh

@@ -8,7 +8,10 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 	cat ../../COPYING >test &&
 	git add test &&
-	tr 'a-zA-Z' 'n-za-mN-ZA-M' <../../COPYING >test
+	tr \
+	  "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" \
+	  "nopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklmNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLM" \
+	  <../../COPYING >test
 
 '
 

t/t4023-diff-rename-typechange.sh

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cross renames to be detected for regular files' '
 		echo "R100	foo	bar"
 		echo "R100	bar	foo"
 	} | sort >expect &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cross renames to be detected for typechange' '
 		echo "R100	foo	bar"
 		echo "R100	bar	foo"
 	} | sort >expect &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ test_expect_success 'moves and renames' '
 		echo "R100	foo	bar"
 		echo "T100	foo"
 	} | sort >expect &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 

t/t4024-diff-optimize-common.sh

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ test_expect_success 'diff -U0' '
 	do
 		git diff -U0 file-?$n
 	done | zc >actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 

t/t4025-hunk-header.sh

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ test_expect_success 'hunk header truncation with an overly long line' '
 		echo " A $N$N$N$N$N$N$N$N$N2"
 		echo " L  $N$N$N$N$N$N$N$N$N1"
 	) >expected &&
-	diff -u actual expected
+	test_cmp actual expected
 
 '
 

t/t4027-diff-submodule.sh

@@ -37,17 +37,17 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 test_expect_success 'git diff --raw HEAD' '
 	git diff --raw --abbrev=40 HEAD >actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git diff-index --raw HEAD' '
 	git diff-index --raw HEAD >actual.index &&
-	diff -u expect actual.index
+	test_cmp expect actual.index
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git diff-files --raw' '
 	git diff-files --raw >actual.files &&
-	diff -u expect actual.files
+	test_cmp expect actual.files
 '
 
 test_done

t/t4103-apply-binary.sh

@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ git update-index --add --remove file1 file2 file4
 git-commit -m 'Initial Version' 2>/dev/null
 
 git-checkout -b binary
-tr 'x' '\000' <file1 >file3
+perl -pe 'y/x/\000/' <file1 >file3
 cat file3 >file4
 git add file2
-tr '\000' 'v' <file3 >file1
+perl -pe 'y/\000/v/' <file3 >file1
 rm -f file2
 git update-index --add --remove file1 file2 file3 file4
 git-commit -m 'Second Version'

t/t4105-apply-fuzz.sh

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ dotest () {
 	test_expect_success "$name" "
 		git checkout-index -f -q -u file &&
 		git apply $* &&
-		diff -u expect file
+		test_cmp expect file
 	"
 }
 

t/t4116-apply-reverse.sh

@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ test_description='git apply in reverse
 test_expect_success setup '
 
 	for i in a b c d e f g h i j k l m n; do echo $i; done >file1 &&
-	tr "ijk" '\''\000\001\002'\'' <file1 >file2 &&
+	perl -pe "y/ijk/\\000\\001\\002/" <file1 >file2 &&
 
 	git add file1 file2 &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
 	git tag initial &&
 
 	for i in a b c g h i J K L m o n p q; do echo $i; done >file1 &&
-	tr "mon" '\''\000\001\002'\'' <file1 >file2 &&
+	perl -pe "y/mon/\\000\\001\\002/" <file1 >file2 &&
 
 	git commit -a -m second &&
 	git tag second &&

t/t4125-apply-ws-fuzz.sh

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ test_expect_success nofix '
 	git apply --whitespace=nowarn patch-1 &&
 
 	# The result should obviously match.
-	diff -u file-1 file
+	test_cmp file-1 file
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'withfix (forward)' '
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ test_expect_success 'withfix (forward)' '
 	git apply --whitespace=fix patch-0 &&
 	git apply --whitespace=fix patch-1 &&
 
-	diff -u file-fixed file
+	test_cmp file-fixed file
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'withfix (backward)' '
@@ -91,12 +91,12 @@ test_expect_success 'withfix (backward)' '
 
 	sed -e /h/d file-fixed >fixed-head &&
 	sed -e /h/d file >file-head &&
-	diff -u fixed-head file-head &&
+	test_cmp fixed-head file-head &&
 
 	sed -n -e /h/p file-fixed >fixed-tail &&
 	sed -n -e /h/p file >file-tail &&
 
-	! diff -u fixed-tail file-tail
+	! test_cmp fixed-tail file-tail
 
 '
 

t/t4150-am-subdir.sh

@@ -22,14 +22,14 @@ test_expect_success 'am regularly from stdin' '
 	git checkout initial &&
 	git am <patchfile &&
 	git diff master >actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am regularly from file' '
 	git checkout initial &&
 	git am patchfile &&
 	git diff master >actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am regularly from stdin in subdirectory' '
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am regularly from stdin in subdirectory' '
 		git am <../patchfile
 	) &&
 	git diff master>actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am regularly from file in subdirectory' '
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am regularly from file in subdirectory' '
 		git am ../patchfile
 	) &&
 	git diff master >actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am regularly from file in subdirectory with full path' '
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am regularly from file in subdirectory with full path' '
 		git am "$P/patchfile"
 	) &&
 	git diff master >actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_done

t/t4200-rerere.sh

@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rerere kicked in' "! grep ======= a1"
 test_expect_success 'rerere prefers first change' 'git diff a1 expect'
 
 rm $rr/postimage
-echo "$sha1	a1" | tr '\012' '\000' > .git/rr-cache/MERGE_RR
+echo "$sha1	a1" | perl -pe 'y/\012/\000/' > .git/rr-cache/MERGE_RR
 
 test_expect_success 'rerere clear' 'git rerere clear'
 

t/t4201-shortlog.sh

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ A U Thor (5):
 
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'shortlog wrapping' 'diff -u expect out'
+test_expect_success 'shortlog wrapping' 'test_cmp expect out'
 
 git log HEAD > log
 GIT_DIR=non-existing git shortlog -w < log > out

t/t5300-pack-object.sh

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ test_expect_success \
     'rm -f .git/index*
      for i in a b c
      do
-	     dd if=/dev/zero bs=4k count=1 | tr "\\000" $i >$i &&
+	     dd if=/dev/zero bs=4k count=1 | perl -pe "y/\\000/$i/" >$i &&
 	     git update-index --add $i || return 1
      done &&
      cat c >d && echo foo >>d && git update-index --add d &&

t/t5302-pack-index.sh

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 test_expect_success \
     '[index v1] 2) create a stealth corruption in a delta base reference' \
     '# this test assumes a delta smaller than 16 bytes at the end of the pack
-     git show-index <1.idx | sort -n | tail -n 1 | (
+     git show-index <1.idx | sort -n | sed -ne \$p | (
        read delta_offs delta_sha1 &&
        git cat-file blob "$delta_sha1" > blob_1 &&
        chmod +w ".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.pack" &&
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 test_expect_success \
     '[index v2] 2) create a stealth corruption in a delta base reference' \
     '# this test assumes a delta smaller than 16 bytes at the end of the pack
-     git show-index <1.idx | sort -n | tail -n 1 | (
+     git show-index <1.idx | sort -n | sed -ne \$p | (
        read delta_offs delta_sha1 delta_crc &&
        git cat-file blob "$delta_sha1" > blob_3 &&
        chmod +w ".git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.pack" &&

t/t5400-send-pack.sh

@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	cd .. &&
 	git-clone parent child && cd child && git-push --all &&
 	cd ../parent &&
-	git-branch -a >branches && ! grep -q origin/master branches
+	git-branch -a >branches && ! grep origin/master branches
 '
 
 rewound_push_setup() {

t/t5505-remote.sh

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ setup_repository () {
 tokens_match () {
 	echo "$1" | tr ' ' '\012' | sort | sed -e '/^$/d' >expect &&
 	echo "$2" | tr ' ' '\012' | sort | sed -e '/^$/d' >actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 }
 
 check_remote_track () {
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ test_expect_success 'add another remote' '
 	sed -e "/^refs\/remotes\/origin\//d" \
 	    -e "/^refs\/remotes\/second\//d" >actual &&
 	>expect &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 )
 '
 
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ test_expect_success 'remove remote' '
 	git for-each-ref "--format=%(refname)" refs/remotes |
 	sed -e "/^refs\/remotes\/origin\//d" >actual &&
 	>expect &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 )
 '
 

t/t5510-fetch.sh

@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ test_expect_success 'bundle should record HEAD correctly' '
 	do
 		echo "$(git rev-parse --verify $h) $h"
 	done >expect &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 

t/t5512-ls-remote.sh

@@ -24,28 +24,28 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 test_expect_success 'ls-remote --tags .git' '
 
 	git ls-remote --tags .git >actual &&
-	diff -u expected.tag actual
+	test_cmp expected.tag actual
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ls-remote .git' '
 
 	git ls-remote .git >actual &&
-	diff -u expected.all actual
+	test_cmp expected.all actual
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ls-remote --tags self' '
 
 	git ls-remote --tags self >actual &&
-	diff -u expected.tag actual
+	test_cmp expected.tag actual
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ls-remote self' '
 
 	git ls-remote self >actual &&
-	diff -u expected.all actual
+	test_cmp expected.all actual
 
 '
 

t/t6000lib.sh

@@ -97,7 +97,13 @@ check_output()
 # from front and back.
 name_from_description()
 {
-        tr "'" '-' | tr '~`!@#$%^&*()_+={}[]|\;:"<>,/? ' '-' | tr -s '-' | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]' | sed "s/^-*//;s/-*\$//"
+	perl -pe '
+		s/[^A-Za-z0-9.]/-/g;
+		s/-+/-/g;
+		s/-$//;
+		s/^-//;
+		y/A-Z/a-z/;
+	'
 }
 
 

t/t6004-rev-list-path-optim.sh

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ test_expect_success 'further setup' '
 test_expect_success 'path optimization 2' '
 	( echo "$side"; echo "$initial" ) >expected &&
 	git rev-list HEAD -- a >actual &&
-	diff -u expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 test_done

t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'one is ancestor of others and should not be shown' '
 
 	git rev-list one --not four >result &&
 	>expect &&
-	diff -u expect result
+	test_cmp expect result
 
 '
 

t/t6027-merge-binary.sh

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ test_expect_success resolve '
 		false
 	else
 		git ls-files -s >current
-		diff -u current expect
+		test_cmp current expect
 	fi
 '
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ test_expect_success recursive '
 		false
 	else
 		git ls-files -s >current
-		diff -u current expect
+		test_cmp current expect
 	fi
 '
 

t/t6029-merge-subtree.sh

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ test_expect_success 'subtree available and works like recursive' '
 
 	git merge -s subtree side &&
 	for i in mundo $s world; do echo $i; done >expect &&
-	diff -u expect hello
+	test_cmp expect hello
 
 '
 

t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh

@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ test_expect_success 'bisect run & skip: cannot tell between 2' '
 	add_line_into_file "6: Yet a line." hello &&
 	HASH6=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 	echo "#"\!"/bin/sh" > test_script.sh &&
-	echo "tail -1 hello | grep Ciao > /dev/null && exit 125" >> test_script.sh &&
+	echo "sed -ne \\\$p hello | grep Ciao > /dev/null && exit 125" >> test_script.sh &&
 	echo "grep line hello > /dev/null" >> test_script.sh &&
 	echo "test \$? -ne 0" >> test_script.sh &&
 	chmod +x test_script.sh &&
@@ -244,8 +244,8 @@ test_expect_success 'bisect run & skip: find first bad' '
 	add_line_into_file "7: Should be the last line." hello &&
 	HASH7=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 	echo "#"\!"/bin/sh" > test_script.sh &&
-	echo "tail -1 hello | grep Ciao > /dev/null && exit 125" >> test_script.sh &&
-	echo "tail -1 hello | grep day > /dev/null && exit 125" >> test_script.sh &&
+	echo "sed -ne \\\$p hello | grep Ciao > /dev/null && exit 125" >> test_script.sh &&
+	echo "sed -ne \\\$p hello | grep day > /dev/null && exit 125" >> test_script.sh &&
 	echo "grep Yet hello > /dev/null" >> test_script.sh &&
 	echo "test \$? -ne 0" >> test_script.sh &&
 	chmod +x test_script.sh &&

t/t7003-filter-branch.sh

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ test_description='git-filter-branch'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 make_commit () {
-	lower=$(echo $1 | tr A-Z a-z)
+	lower=$(echo $1 | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]')
 	echo $lower > $lower
 	git add $lower
 	test_tick

t/t7010-setup.sh

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ test_expect_success 'git add (absolute)' '
 	git add "$D/a/b/c/d" &&
 	git ls-files >current &&
 	echo a/b/c/d >expect &&
-	diff -u expect current
+	test_cmp expect current
 
 '
 
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ test_expect_success 'git add (funny relative)' '
 	) &&
 	git ls-files >current &&
 	echo a/e/f >expect &&
-	diff -u expect current
+	test_cmp expect current
 
 '
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ test_expect_success 'git rm (absolute)' '
 	git rm -f --cached "$D/a/b/c/d" &&
 	git ls-files >current &&
 	echo a/e/f >expect &&
-	diff -u expect current
+	test_cmp expect current
 
 '
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ test_expect_success 'git rm (funny relative)' '
 	) &&
 	git ls-files >current &&
 	echo a/b/c/d >expect &&
-	diff -u expect current
+	test_cmp expect current
 
 '
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ test_expect_success 'git ls-files (absolute)' '
 	git add a &&
 	git ls-files "$D/a/e/../b" >current &&
 	echo a/b/c/d >expect &&
-	diff -u expect current
+	test_cmp expect current
 
 '
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test_expect_success 'git ls-files (relative #1)' '
 		git ls-files "../b/c"
 	)  >current &&
 	echo c/d >expect &&
-	diff -u expect current
+	test_cmp expect current
 
 '
 
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ test_expect_success 'git ls-files (relative #2)' '
 		git ls-files --full-name "../e/f"
 	)  >current &&
 	echo a/e/f >expect &&
-	diff -u expect current
+	test_cmp expect current
 
 '
 
@@ -126,13 +126,13 @@ test_expect_success 'log using absolute path names' '
 
 	git log a/b/c/d >f1.txt &&
 	git log "$(pwd)/a/b/c/d" >f2.txt &&
-	diff -u f1.txt f2.txt
+	test_cmp f1.txt f2.txt
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'blame using absolute path names' '
 	git blame a/b/c/d >f1.txt &&
 	git blame "$(pwd)/a/b/c/d" >f2.txt &&
-	diff -u f1.txt f2.txt
+	test_cmp f1.txt f2.txt
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup deeper work tree' '

t/t7201-co.sh

@@ -83,13 +83,13 @@ test_expect_success "checkout with unrelated dirty tree without -m" '
 	fill 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 >same &&
 	cp same kept
 	git checkout side >messages &&
-	diff -u same kept
+	test_cmp same kept
 	(cat > messages.expect <<EOF
 M	same
 EOF
 ) &&
 	touch messages.expect &&
-	diff -u messages.expect messages
+	test_cmp messages.expect messages
 '
 
 test_expect_success "checkout -m with dirty tree" '
@@ -106,19 +106,19 @@ test_expect_success "checkout -m with dirty tree" '
 M	one
 EOF
 ) &&
-	diff -u expect.messages messages &&
+	test_cmp expect.messages messages &&
 
 	fill "M	one" "A	three" "D	two" >expect.master &&
 	git diff --name-status master >current.master &&
-	diff -u expect.master current.master &&
+	test_cmp expect.master current.master &&
 
 	fill "M	one" >expect.side &&
 	git diff --name-status side >current.side &&
-	diff -u expect.side current.side &&
+	test_cmp expect.side current.side &&
 
 	: >expect.index &&
 	git diff --cached >current.index &&
-	diff -u expect.index current.index
+	test_cmp expect.index current.index
 '
 
 test_expect_success "checkout -m with dirty tree, renamed" '
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ test_expect_success "checkout -m with dirty tree, renamed" '
 
 	git checkout -m renamer &&
 	fill 1 3 4 5 7 8 >expect &&
-	diff -u expect uno &&
+	test_cmp expect uno &&
 	! test -f one &&
 	git diff --cached >current &&
 	! test -s current
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout -m with merge conflict' '
 	git diff master:one :3:uno |
 	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" -e "/^ /d" -e "s/^-/d/" -e "s/^+/a/" >current &&
 	fill d2 aT d7 aS >expect &&
-	diff -u current expect &&
+	test_cmp current expect &&
 	git diff --cached two >current &&
 	! test -s current
 '
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ If you want to create a new branch from this checkout, you may do so
 HEAD is now at 7329388... Initial A one, A two
 EOF
 ) &&
-	diff -u messages.expect messages &&
+	test_cmp messages.expect messages &&
 	H=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 	M=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	test "z$H" = "z$M" &&

t/t7501-commit.sh

@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ test_expect_success 'sign off (1)' '
 		git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT |
 		sed -e "s/>.*/>/" -e "s/^/Signed-off-by: /"
 	) >expected &&
-	diff -u expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 
 '
 
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ $existing" &&
 		git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT |
 		sed -e "s/>.*/>/" -e "s/^/Signed-off-by: /"
 	) >expected &&
-	diff -u expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 
 '
 
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ test_expect_success 'multiple -m' '
 		echo
 		echo three
 	) >expected &&
-	diff -u expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 
 '
 
@@ -301,12 +301,12 @@ test_expect_success 'same tree (merge and amend merge)' '
 	git merge -s ours side -m "empty ok" &&
 	git diff HEAD^ HEAD >actual &&
 	: >expected &&
-	diff -u expected actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
 
 	git commit --amend -m "empty really ok" &&
 	git diff HEAD^ HEAD >actual &&
 	: >expected &&
-	diff -u expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 
 '
 
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ test_expect_success 'amend using the message from another commit' '
 	git commit --allow-empty --amend -C "$old" &&
 	git show --pretty="format:%ad %s" "$old" >expected &&
 	git show --pretty="format:%ad %s" HEAD >actual &&
-	diff -u expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 
 '
 
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ test_expect_success 'amend using the message from a commit named with tag' '
 	git commit --allow-empty --amend -C tagged-old &&
 	git show --pretty="format:%ad %s" "$old" >expected &&
 	git show --pretty="format:%ad %s" HEAD >actual &&
-	diff -u expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 
 '
 

t/t7502-commit.sh

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ test_expect_success 'verbose' '
 	git add negative &&
 	git status -v | sed -ne "/^diff --git /p" >actual &&
 	echo "diff --git a/negative b/negative" >expect &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-t)' '
 	{ echo;echo "# text";echo; } >expect &&
 	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -t expect -a &&
 	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d" |head -n 3 >actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-F)' '
 	echo >>negative &&
 	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -F expect -a &&
 	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d">actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-m)' '
 	echo >>negative &&
 	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -m "$(cat expect)" -a &&
 	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d">actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (whitespace,-F)' '
 	echo "# text" >expect &&
 	git commit --cleanup=whitespace -F text -a &&
 	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d">actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip,-F)' '
 	echo sample >expect &&
 	git commit --cleanup=strip -F text -a &&
 	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d">actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip,-F,-e)' '
 	{ echo;echo sample;echo; } >text &&
 	git commit -e -F text -a &&
 	head -n 4 .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG >actual &&
-	diff -u expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 

t/t7502-status.sh

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 
 test_expect_success 'status (1)' '
 
-	grep -e "use \"git rm --cached <file>\.\.\.\" to unstage" output
+	grep "use \"git rm --cached <file>\.\.\.\" to unstage" output
 
 '
 
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ cat <<EOF >expect
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'status of partial commit excluding new file in index' '
 	git status dir1/modified >output &&
-	diff -u expect output
+	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
 test_done

t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh

@@ -25,8 +25,9 @@ export FAKE_EDITOR
 HOOKDIR="$(git rev-parse --git-dir)/hooks"
 HOOK="$HOOKDIR/prepare-commit-msg"
 mkdir -p "$HOOKDIR"
-cat > "$HOOK" <<'EOF'
-#!/bin/sh
+echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" > "$HOOK"
+cat >> "$HOOK" <<'EOF'
+
 if test "$2" = commit; then
   source=$(git-rev-parse "$3")
 else

t/t7600-merge.sh

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ create_merge_msgs() {
 }
 
 verify_diff() {
-	if ! diff -u "$1" "$2"
+	if ! test_cmp "$1" "$2"
 	then
 		echo "$3"
 		false
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ verify_mergeheads() {
 	fi &&
 	while test $# -gt 0
 	do
-		head=$(head -n $i .git/MERGE_HEAD | tail -n 1)
+		head=$(head -n $i .git/MERGE_HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
 		if test "$1" != "$head"
 		then
 			echo "[OOPS] MERGE_HEAD $i != $1"
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ test_expect_success 'override config option -n' '
 	git merge --summary c2 >diffstat.txt &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
 	verify_parents $c1 $c2 &&
-	if ! grep -e "^ file |  *2 +-$" diffstat.txt
+	if ! grep "^ file |  *2 +-$" diffstat.txt
 	then
 		echo "[OOPS] diffstat was not generated"
 	fi
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ test_expect_success 'override config option --summary' '
 	git merge -n c2 >diffstat.txt &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
 	verify_parents $c1 $c2 &&
-	if grep -e "^ file |  *2 +-$" diffstat.txt
+	if grep "^ file |  *2 +-$" diffstat.txt
 	then
 		echo "[OOPS] diffstat was generated"
 		false

t/t8003-blame.sh

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ test_expect_success 'blame wholesale copy' '
 		echo mouse-Second
 		echo mouse-Third
 	} >expected &&
-	diff -u expected current
+	test_cmp expected current
 
 '
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ test_expect_success 'blame wholesale copy and more' '
 		echo cow-Fifth
 		echo mouse-Third
 	} >expected &&
-	diff -u expected current
+	test_cmp expected current
 
 '
 

t/t9001-send-email.sh

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ test_expect_success 'Show all headers' '
 		-e "s/^\(Message-Id:\).*/\1 MESSAGE-ID-STRING/" \
 		-e "s/^\(X-Mailer:\).*/\1 X-MAILER-STRING/" \
 		>actual-show-all-headers &&
-	diff -u expected-show-all-headers actual-show-all-headers
+	test_cmp expected-show-all-headers actual-show-all-headers
 '
 
 z8=zzzzzzzz

t/t9112-git-svn-md5less-file.sh

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
 test_description='test that git handles an svn repository with missing md5sums'
 
 . ./lib-git-svn.sh

t/t9116-git-svn-log.sh

@@ -55,74 +55,74 @@ printf 'r1 \nr2 \nr4 \n' > expected-range-r1-r2-r4
 
 test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range' "
 	git reset --hard trunk &&
-	git svn log -r 1:4 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | diff -u expected-range-r1-r2-r4 -
+	git svn log -r 1:4 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r1-r2-r4 -
 	"
 
 printf 'r4 \nr2 \nr1 \n' > expected-range-r4-r2-r1
 
 test_expect_success 'test descending revision range' "
 	git reset --hard trunk &&
-	git svn log -r 4:1 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | diff -u expected-range-r4-r2-r1 -
+	git svn log -r 4:1 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r4-r2-r1 -
 	"
 
 printf 'r1 \nr2 \n' > expected-range-r1-r2
 
 test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with unreachable revision' "
 	git reset --hard trunk &&
-	git svn log -r 1:3 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | diff -u expected-range-r1-r2 -
+	git svn log -r 1:3 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r1-r2 -
 	"
 
 printf 'r2 \nr1 \n' > expected-range-r2-r1
 
 test_expect_success 'test descending revision range with unreachable revision' "
 	git reset --hard trunk &&
-	git svn log -r 3:1 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | diff -u expected-range-r2-r1 -
+	git svn log -r 3:1 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r2-r1 -
 	"
 
 printf 'r2 \n' > expected-range-r2
 
 test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with unreachable upper boundary revision and 1 commit' "
 	git reset --hard trunk &&
-	git svn log -r 2:3 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | diff -u expected-range-r2 -
+	git svn log -r 2:3 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r2 -
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'test descending revision range with unreachable upper boundary revision and 1 commit' "
 	git reset --hard trunk &&
-	git svn log -r 3:2 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | diff -u expected-range-r2 -
+	git svn log -r 3:2 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r2 -
 	"
 
 printf 'r4 \n' > expected-range-r4
 
 test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with unreachable lower boundary revision and 1 commit' "
 	git reset --hard trunk &&
-	git svn log -r 3:4 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | diff -u expected-range-r4 -
+	git svn log -r 3:4 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r4 -
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'test descending revision range with unreachable lower boundary revision and 1 commit' "
 	git reset --hard trunk &&
-	git svn log -r 4:3 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | diff -u expected-range-r4 -
+	git svn log -r 4:3 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r4 -
 	"
 
 printf -- '------------------------------------------------------------------------\n' > expected-separator
 
 test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with unreachable boundary revisions and no commits' "
 	git reset --hard trunk &&
-	git svn log -r 5:6 | diff -u expected-separator -
+	git svn log -r 5:6 | test_cmp expected-separator -
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'test descending revision range with unreachable boundary revisions and no commits' "
 	git reset --hard trunk &&
-	git svn log -r 6:5 | diff -u expected-separator -
+	git svn log -r 6:5 | test_cmp expected-separator -
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with unreachable boundary revisions and 1 commit' "
 	git reset --hard trunk &&
-	git svn log -r 3:5 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | diff -u expected-range-r4 -
+	git svn log -r 3:5 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r4 -
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'test descending revision range with unreachable boundary revisions and 1 commit' "
 	git reset --hard trunk &&
-	git svn log -r 5:3 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | diff -u expected-range-r4 -
+	git svn log -r 5:3 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r4 -
 	"
 
 test_done

t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ check_entries () {
 	else
 		printf '%s\n' "$2" | tr '|' '\012' >expected
 	fi
-	diff -u expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 }
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -257,8 +257,8 @@ test_expect_success '-w option should work with relative GIT_DIR' '
       (cd "$GIT_DIR" &&
       GIT_DIR=. git cvsexportcommit -w "$CVSWORK" -c $id &&
       check_entries "$CVSWORK/W" "file1.txt/1.1/|file2.txt/1.1/" &&
-      diff -u "$CVSWORK/W/file1.txt" ../W/file1.txt &&
-      diff -u "$CVSWORK/W/file2.txt" ../W/file2.txt
+      test_cmp "$CVSWORK/W/file1.txt" ../W/file1.txt &&
+      test_cmp "$CVSWORK/W/file2.txt" ../W/file2.txt
       )
 '
 
@@ -279,9 +279,9 @@ test_expect_success 'check files before directories' '
 	git cvsexportcommit -w "$CVSWORK" -c $id &&
 	check_entries "$CVSWORK/E" "DS/1.1/|newfile5.txt/1.1/" &&
 	check_entries "$CVSWORK" "DS/1.1/|release-notes/1.2/" &&
-	diff -u "$CVSWORK/DS" DS &&
-	diff -u "$CVSWORK/E/DS" E/DS &&
-	diff -u "$CVSWORK/release-notes" release-notes
+	test_cmp "$CVSWORK/DS" DS &&
+	test_cmp "$CVSWORK/E/DS" E/DS &&
+	test_cmp "$CVSWORK/release-notes" release-notes
 
 '
 
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ test_expect_success 'commit a file with leading spaces in the name' '
 	id=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	git cvsexportcommit -w "$CVSWORK" -c $id &&
 	check_entries "$CVSWORK" " space/1.1/|DS/1.1/|release-notes/1.2/" &&
-	diff -u "$CVSWORK/ space" " space"
+	test_cmp "$CVSWORK/ space" " space"
 
 '
 

t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 test_expect_success 'basic checkout' \
   'GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q co -d cvswork master &&
    test "$(echo $(grep -v ^D cvswork/CVS/Entries|cut -d/ -f2,3,5 | head -n 1))" = "empty/1.1/"
-   test "$(echo $(grep -v ^D cvswork/CVS/Entries|cut -d/ -f2,3,5 | tail -n 1))" = "secondrootfile/1.1/"'
+   test "$(echo $(grep -v ^D cvswork/CVS/Entries|cut -d/ -f2,3,5 | sed -ne \$p))" = "secondrootfile/1.1/"'
 
 #------------------------
 # PSERVER AUTHENTICATION
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'pserver authentication' \
   'cat request-anonymous | git-cvsserver pserver >log 2>&1 &&
-   tail -n1 log | grep -q "^I LOVE YOU$"'
+   sed -ne \$p log | grep "^I LOVE YOU$"'
 
 test_expect_success 'pserver authentication failure (non-anonymous user)' \
   'if cat request-git | git-cvsserver pserver >log 2>&1
@@ -103,11 +103,11 @@ test_expect_success 'pserver authentication failure (non-anonymous user)' \
    else
        true
    fi &&
-   tail -n1 log | grep -q "^I HATE YOU$"'
+   sed -ne \$p log | grep "^I HATE YOU$"'
 
 test_expect_success 'pserver authentication (login)' \
   'cat login-anonymous | git-cvsserver pserver >log 2>&1 &&
-   tail -n1 log | grep -q "^I LOVE YOU$"'
+   sed -ne \$p log | grep "^I LOVE YOU$"'
 
 test_expect_success 'pserver authentication failure (login/non-anonymous user)' \
   'if cat login-git | git-cvsserver pserver >log 2>&1
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ test_expect_success 'pserver authentication failure (login/non-anonymous user)'
    else
        true
    fi &&
-   tail -n1 log | grep -q "^I HATE YOU$"'
+   sed -ne \$p log | grep "^I HATE YOU$"'
 
 
 # misuse pserver authentication for testing of req_Root
@@ -146,15 +146,15 @@ test_expect_success 'req_Root failure (relative pathname)' \
    else
        true
    fi &&
-   tail log | grep -q "^error 1 Root must be an absolute pathname$"'
+   tail log | grep "^error 1 Root must be an absolute pathname$"'
 
 test_expect_success 'req_Root failure (conflicting roots)' \
   'cat request-conflict | git-cvsserver pserver >log 2>&1 &&
-   tail log | grep -q "^error 1 Conflicting roots specified$"'
+   tail log | grep "^error 1 Conflicting roots specified$"'
 
 test_expect_success 'req_Root (strict paths)' \
   'cat request-anonymous | git-cvsserver --strict-paths pserver $SERVERDIR >log 2>&1 &&
-   tail -n1 log | grep -q "^I LOVE YOU$"'
+   sed -ne \$p log | grep "^I LOVE YOU$"'
 
 test_expect_success 'req_Root failure (strict-paths)' '
     ! cat request-anonymous |
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ test_expect_success 'req_Root failure (strict-paths)' '
 
 test_expect_success 'req_Root (w/o strict-paths)' \
   'cat request-anonymous | git-cvsserver pserver $WORKDIR/ >log 2>&1 &&
-   tail -n1 log | grep -q "^I LOVE YOU$"'
+   sed -ne \$p log | grep "^I LOVE YOU$"'
 
 test_expect_success 'req_Root failure (w/o strict-paths)' '
     ! cat request-anonymous |
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'req_Root (base-path)' \
   'cat request-base | git-cvsserver --strict-paths --base-path $WORKDIR/ pserver $SERVERDIR >log 2>&1 &&
-   tail -n1 log | grep -q "^I LOVE YOU$"'
+   sed -ne \$p log | grep "^I LOVE YOU$"'
 
 test_expect_success 'req_Root failure (base-path)' '
     ! cat request-anonymous |
@@ -192,14 +192,14 @@ GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.enabled false || exit 1
 
 test_expect_success 'req_Root (export-all)' \
   'cat request-anonymous | git-cvsserver --export-all pserver $WORKDIR >log 2>&1 &&
-   tail -n1 log | grep -q "^I LOVE YOU$"'
+   sed -ne \$p log | grep "^I LOVE YOU$"'
 
 test_expect_success 'req_Root failure (export-all w/o whitelist)' \
   '! (cat request-anonymous | git-cvsserver --export-all pserver >log 2>&1 || false)'
 
 test_expect_success 'req_Root (everything together)' \
   'cat request-base | git-cvsserver --export-all --strict-paths --base-path $WORKDIR/ pserver $SERVERDIR >log 2>&1 &&
-   tail -n1 log | grep -q "^I LOVE YOU$"'
+   sed -ne \$p log | grep "^I LOVE YOU$"'
 
 GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.enabled true || exit 1
 
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ test_expect_success 'gitcvs.enabled = false' \
    else
      true
    fi &&
-   cat cvs.log | grep -q "GITCVS emulation disabled" &&
+   grep "GITCVS emulation disabled" cvs.log &&
    test ! -d cvswork2'
 
 rm -fr cvswork2
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ test_expect_success 'gitcvs.ext.enabled = false' \
    else
      true
    fi &&
-   cat cvs.log | grep -q "GITCVS emulation disabled" &&
+   grep "GITCVS emulation disabled" cvs.log &&
    test ! -d cvswork2'
 
 rm -fr cvswork2

t/test-lib.sh

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ export GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY
 export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL GIT_AUTHOR_NAME
 export GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
 export EDITOR VISUAL
+GIT_TEST_CMP=${GIT_TEST_CMP:-diff -u}
 
 # Protect ourselves from common misconfiguration to export
 # CDPATH into the environment
@@ -302,6 +303,23 @@ test_must_fail () {
 	test $? -gt 0 -a $? -le 128
 }
 
+# test_cmp is a helper function to compare actual and expected output.
+# You can use it like:
+#
+#	test_expect_success 'foo works' '
+#		echo expected >expected &&
+#		foo >actual &&
+#		test_cmp expected actual
+#	'
+#
+# This could be written as either "cmp" or "diff -u", but:
+# - cmp's output is not nearly as easy to read as diff -u
+# - not all diff versions understand "-u"
+
+test_cmp() {
+	$GIT_TEST_CMP "$@"
+}
+
 # Most tests can use the created repository, but some may need to create more.
 # Usage: test_create_repo <directory>
 test_create_repo () {

test-sha1.sh

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ do
 		{
 			test -z "$pfx" || echo "$pfx"
 			dd if=/dev/zero bs=1048576 count=$cnt 2>/dev/null |
-			tr '\000' 'g'
+			perl -pe 'y/\000/g/'
 		} | ./test-sha1 $cnt
 	`
 	if test "$expect" = "$actual"
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ do
 		{
 			test -z "$pfx" || echo "$pfx"
 			dd if=/dev/zero bs=1048576 count=$cnt 2>/dev/null |
-			tr '\000' 'g'
+			perl -pe 'y/\000/g/'
 		} | sha1sum |
 		sed -e 's/ .*//'
 	`