@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ DESCRIPTION
Some workflows require that one or more branches of development on oneSome workflows require that one or more branches of development on one
machine be replicated on another machine, but the two machines cannotmachine be replicated on another machine, but the two machines cannot
be directly connected so the interactive git protocols (git, ssh,be directly connected, and therefore the interactive git protocols (git,
rsync, http) cannot be used. This command provides support forssh, rsync, http) cannot be used. This command provides support for
'git-fetch' and 'git-pull' to operate by packaging objects and references'git-fetch' and 'git-pull' to operate by packaging objects and references
in an archive at the originating machine, then importing those intoin an archive at the originating machine, then importing those into
another repository using 'git-fetch' and 'git-pull'another repository using 'git-fetch' and 'git-pull'
after moving the archive by some means (i.e., by sneakernet). As noafter moving the archive by some means (i.e., by sneakernet). As no
direct connection between repositories exists, the user must specify adirect connection between the repositories exists, the user must specify a
basis for the bundle that is held by the destination repository: thebasis for the bundle that is held by the destination repository: the
bundle assumes that all objects in the basis are already in thebundle assumes that all objects in the basis are already in the
destination repository.destination repository.
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ verify <file>::
bundle format itself as well as checking that the prerequisite bundle format itself as well as checking that the prerequisite
commits exist and are fully linked in the current repository. commits exist and are fully linked in the current repository.
'git-bundle' prints a list of missing commits, if any, and exits 'git-bundle' prints a list of missing commits, if any, and exits
with non-zero status. with a non-zero status.
list-heads <file>::list-heads <file>::
Lists the references defined in the bundle. If followed by a Lists the references defined in the bundle. If followed by a
@ -53,14 +53,14 @@ list-heads <file>::
unbundle <file>::unbundle <file>::
Passes the objects in the bundle to 'git-index-pack' Passes the objects in the bundle to 'git-index-pack'
for storage in the repository, then prints the names of all for storage in the repository, then prints the names of all
defined references. If a reflist is given, only references defined references. If a list of references is given, only
matching those in the given list are printed. This command is references matching those in the list are printed. This command is
really plumbing, intended to be called only by 'git-fetch'. really plumbing, intended to be called only by 'git-fetch'.
[git-rev-list-args...]::[git-rev-list-args...]::
A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git-rev-parse' and A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git-rev-parse' and
'git-rev-list', that specify the specific objects and references 'git-rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references
to transport. For example, "master~10..master" causes the to transport. For example, `master\~10..master` causes the
current master reference to be packaged along with all objects current master reference to be packaged along with all objects
added since its 10th ancestor commit. There is no explicit added since its 10th ancestor commit. There is no explicit
limit to the number of references and objects that may be limit to the number of references and objects that may be
@ -71,24 +71,24 @@ unbundle <file>::
A list of references used to limit the references reported as A list of references used to limit the references reported as
available. This is principally of use to 'git-fetch', which available. This is principally of use to 'git-fetch', which
expects to receive only those references asked for and not expects to receive only those references asked for and not
necessarily everything in the pack (in this case, 'git-bundle' is necessarily everything in the pack (in this case, 'git-bundle' acts
acting like 'git-fetch-pack'). like 'git-fetch-pack').
SPECIFYING REFERENCESSPECIFYING REFERENCES
------------------------------------------
'git-bundle' will only package references that are shown by'git-bundle' will only package references that are shown by
'git-show-ref': this includes heads, tags, and remote heads. References'git-show-ref': this includes heads, tags, and remote heads. References
such as master~1 cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable forsuch as `master\~1` cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable for
defining the basis. More than one reference may be packaged, and moredefining the basis. More than one reference may be packaged, and more
than one basis can be specified. The objects packaged are those notthan one basis can be specified. The objects packaged are those not
contained in the union of the given bases. Each basis can becontained in the union of the given bases. Each basis can be
specified explicitly (e.g., ^master~10), or implicitly (e.g.,specified explicitly (e.g. `^master\~10`), or implicitly (e.g.
master~10..master, --since=10.days.ago master).`master\~10..master`, `--since=10.days.ago master`).
It is very important that the basis used be held by the destination.It is very important that the basis used be held by the destination.
It is okay to err on the side of conservatism, causing the bundle fileIt is okay to err on the side of caution, causing the bundle file
to contain objects already in the destination as these are ignoredto contain objects already in the destination, as these are ignored
when unpacking at the destination.when unpacking at the destination.
EXAMPLEEXAMPLE
@ -97,13 +97,13 @@ EXAMPLE
Assume you want to transfer the history from a repository R1 on machine AAssume you want to transfer the history from a repository R1 on machine A
to another repository R2 on machine B.to another repository R2 on machine B.
For whatever reason, direct connection between A and B is not allowed,For whatever reason, direct connection between A and B is not allowed,
but we can move data from A to B via some mechanism (CD, email, etc).but we can move data from A to B via some mechanism (CD, email, etc.).
We want to update R2 with developments made on branch master in R1.We want to update R2 with development made on the branch master in R1.
To bootstrap the process, you can first create a bundle that doesn't haveTo bootstrap the process, you can first create a bundle that does not have
any basis. You can use a tag to remember up to what commit you sent outany basis. You can use a tag to remember up to what commit you last
in order to make it easy to later update the other repository withprocessed, in order to make it easy to later update the other repository
incremental bundle,with an incremental bundle:
--------------------------------
machineA$ cd R1machineA$ cd R1
@ -111,17 +111,17 @@ machineA$ git bundle create file.bundle master
machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle mastermachineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master
--------------------------------
Then you sneakernet file.bundle to the target machine B. Because you don'tThen you transfer file.bundle to the target machine B. If you are creating
have to have any object to extract objects from such a bundle, not onlythe repository on machine B, then you can clone from the bundle as if it
you can fetch/pull from a bundle, you can clone from it as if it was awere a remote repository instead of creating an empty repository and then
remote repository.pulling or fetching objects from the bundle:
--------------------------------
machineB$ git clone /home/me/tmp/file.bundle R2machineB$ git clone /home/me/tmp/file.bundle R2
--------------------------------
This will define a remote called "origin" in the resulting repository thatThis will define a remote called "origin" in the resulting repository that
lets you fetch and pull from the bundle. $GIT_DIR/config file in R2 maylets you fetch and pull from the bundle. The $GIT_DIR/config file in R2 will
have an entry like this:have an entry like this:
------------------------------------------------
@ -130,12 +130,12 @@ have an entry like this:
fetch = refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* fetch = refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
------------------------------------------------
You can fetch/pull to update the resulting mine.git repository afterTo update the resulting mine.git repository, you can fetch or pull after
replacing the bundle you store at /home/me/tmp/file.bundle with incrementalreplacing the bundle stored at /home/me/tmp/file.bundle with incremental
updates from here on.updates.
After working more in the original repository, you can create anAfter working some more in the original repository, you can create an
incremental bundle to update the other:incremental bundle to update the other repository:
--------------------------------
machineA$ cd R1machineA$ cd R1
@ -143,8 +143,8 @@ machineA$ git bundle create file.bundle lastR2bundle..master
machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle mastermachineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master
--------------------------------
and sneakernet it to the other machine to replace /home/me/tmp/file.bundle,You then transfer the bundle to the other machine to replace
and pull from it./home/me/tmp/file.bundle, and pull from it.
--------------------------------
machineB$ cd R2machineB$ cd R2
@ -152,49 +152,49 @@ machineB$ git pull
--------------------------------
If you know up to what commit the intended recipient repository shouldIf you know up to what commit the intended recipient repository should
have the necessary objects for, you can use that knowledge to specify thehave the necessary objects, you can use that knowledge to specify the
basis, giving a cut-off point to limit the revisions and objects that gobasis, giving a cut-off point to limit the revisions and objects that go
in the resulting bundle. The previous example used lastR2bundle tagin the resulting bundle. The previous example used lastR2bundle tag
for this purpose, but you can use other options you would give tofor this purpose, but you can use any other options that you would give to
the linkgit:git-log[1] command. Here are more examples:the linkgit:git-log[1] command. Here are more examples:
You can use a tag that is present in both.You can use a tag that is present in both:
--------------------------------
$ git bundle create mybundle v1.0.0..master$ git bundle create mybundle v1.0.0..master
--------------------------------
You can use a basis based on time.You can use a basis based on time:
--------------------------------
$ git bundle create mybundle --since=10.days master$ git bundle create mybundle --since=10.days master
--------------------------------
Or you can use the number of commits.You can use the number of commits:
--------------------------------
$ git bundle create mybundle -10 master$ git bundle create mybundle -10 master
--------------------------------
You can run `git-bundle verify` to see if you can extract from a bundleYou can run `git-bundle verify` to see if you can extract from a bundle
that was created with a basis.that was created with a basis:
--------------------------------
$ git bundle verify mybundle$ git bundle verify mybundle
--------------------------------
This will list what commits you must have in order to extract from theThis will list what commits you must have in order to extract from the
bundle and will error out if you don't have them.bundle and will error out if you do not have them.
A bundle from a recipient repository's point of view is just like aA bundle from a recipient repository's point of view is just like a
regular repository it fetches/pulls from. You can for example mapregular repository which it fetches or pulls from. You can, for example, map
refs, like this example, when fetching:references when fetching:
--------------------------------
$ git fetch mybundle master:localRef$ git fetch mybundle master:localRef
--------------------------------
Or see what refs it offers.You can also see what references it offers.
--------------------------------
$ git ls-remote mybundle$ git ls-remote mybundle
Junio C Hamano
16 years ago