diff --git a/builtin/pack-objects.c b/builtin/pack-objects.c
index 58a9b16126..79e1e6fb52 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-objects.c
@@ -206,6 +206,7 @@ static int have_non_local_packs;
 static int incremental;
 static int ignore_packed_keep_on_disk;
 static int ignore_packed_keep_in_core;
+static int ignore_packed_keep_in_core_has_cruft;
 static int allow_ofs_delta;
 static struct pack_idx_option pack_idx_opts;
 static const char *base_name;
@@ -1502,8 +1503,60 @@ static int have_duplicate_entry(const struct object_id *oid,
 	return 1;
 }
 
+static int want_cruft_object_mtime(struct repository *r,
+				   const struct object_id *oid,
+				   unsigned flags, uint32_t mtime)
+{
+	struct packed_git **cache;
+
+	for (cache = kept_pack_cache(r, flags); *cache; cache++) {
+		struct packed_git *p = *cache;
+		off_t ofs;
+		uint32_t candidate_mtime;
+
+		ofs = find_pack_entry_one(oid, p);
+		if (!ofs)
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * We have a copy of the object 'oid' in a non-cruft
+		 * pack. We can avoid packing an additional copy
+		 * regardless of what the existing copy's mtime is since
+		 * it is outside of a cruft pack.
+		 */
+		if (!p->is_cruft)
+			return 0;
+
+		/*
+		 * If we have a copy of the object 'oid' in a cruft
+		 * pack, then either read the cruft pack's mtime for
+		 * that object, or, if that can't be loaded, assume the
+		 * pack's mtime itself.
+		 */
+		if (!load_pack_mtimes(p)) {
+			uint32_t pos;
+			if (offset_to_pack_pos(p, ofs, &pos) < 0)
+				continue;
+			candidate_mtime = nth_packed_mtime(p, pos);
+		} else {
+			candidate_mtime = p->mtime;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * We have a surviving copy of the object in a cruft
+		 * pack whose mtime is greater than or equal to the one
+		 * we are considering. We can thus avoid packing an
+		 * additional copy of that object.
+		 */
+		if (mtime <= candidate_mtime)
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
 static int want_found_object(const struct object_id *oid, int exclude,
-			     struct packed_git *p)
+			     struct packed_git *p, uint32_t mtime)
 {
 	if (exclude)
 		return 1;
@@ -1553,12 +1606,29 @@ static int want_found_object(const struct object_id *oid, int exclude,
 		if (ignore_packed_keep_in_core)
 			flags |= IN_CORE_KEEP_PACKS;
 
-		if (ignore_packed_keep_on_disk && p->pack_keep)
-			return 0;
-		if (ignore_packed_keep_in_core && p->pack_keep_in_core)
-			return 0;
-		if (has_object_kept_pack(p->repo, oid, flags))
-			return 0;
+		/*
+		 * If the object is in a pack that we want to ignore, *and* we
+		 * don't have any cruft packs that are being retained, we can
+		 * abort quickly.
+		 */
+		if (!ignore_packed_keep_in_core_has_cruft) {
+			if (ignore_packed_keep_on_disk && p->pack_keep)
+				return 0;
+			if (ignore_packed_keep_in_core && p->pack_keep_in_core)
+				return 0;
+			if (has_object_kept_pack(p->repo, oid, flags))
+				return 0;
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * But if there is at least one cruft pack which
+			 * is being kept, we only want to include the
+			 * provided object if it has a strictly greater
+			 * mtime than any existing cruft copy.
+			 */
+			if (!want_cruft_object_mtime(p->repo, oid, flags,
+						     mtime))
+				return 0;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -1577,7 +1647,8 @@ static int want_object_in_pack_one(struct packed_git *p,
 				   const struct object_id *oid,
 				   int exclude,
 				   struct packed_git **found_pack,
-				   off_t *found_offset)
+				   off_t *found_offset,
+				   uint32_t found_mtime)
 {
 	off_t offset;
 
@@ -1593,7 +1664,7 @@ static int want_object_in_pack_one(struct packed_git *p,
 			*found_offset = offset;
 			*found_pack = p;
 		}
-		return want_found_object(oid, exclude, p);
+		return want_found_object(oid, exclude, p, found_mtime);
 	}
 	return -1;
 }
@@ -1607,10 +1678,11 @@ static int want_object_in_pack_one(struct packed_git *p,
  * function finds if there is any pack that has the object and returns the pack
  * and its offset in these variables.
  */
-static int want_object_in_pack(const struct object_id *oid,
-			       int exclude,
-			       struct packed_git **found_pack,
-			       off_t *found_offset)
+static int want_object_in_pack_mtime(const struct object_id *oid,
+				     int exclude,
+				     struct packed_git **found_pack,
+				     off_t *found_offset,
+				     uint32_t found_mtime)
 {
 	int want;
 	struct list_head *pos;
@@ -1625,7 +1697,8 @@ static int want_object_in_pack(const struct object_id *oid,
 	 * are present we will determine the answer right now.
 	 */
 	if (*found_pack) {
-		want = want_found_object(oid, exclude, *found_pack);
+		want = want_found_object(oid, exclude, *found_pack,
+					 found_mtime);
 		if (want != -1)
 			return want;
 
@@ -1636,7 +1709,7 @@ static int want_object_in_pack(const struct object_id *oid,
 	for (m = get_multi_pack_index(the_repository); m; m = m->next) {
 		struct pack_entry e;
 		if (fill_midx_entry(the_repository, oid, &e, m)) {
-			want = want_object_in_pack_one(e.p, oid, exclude, found_pack, found_offset);
+			want = want_object_in_pack_one(e.p, oid, exclude, found_pack, found_offset, found_mtime);
 			if (want != -1)
 				return want;
 		}
@@ -1644,7 +1717,7 @@ static int want_object_in_pack(const struct object_id *oid,
 
 	list_for_each(pos, get_packed_git_mru(the_repository)) {
 		struct packed_git *p = list_entry(pos, struct packed_git, mru);
-		want = want_object_in_pack_one(p, oid, exclude, found_pack, found_offset);
+		want = want_object_in_pack_one(p, oid, exclude, found_pack, found_offset, found_mtime);
 		if (!exclude && want > 0)
 			list_move(&p->mru,
 				  get_packed_git_mru(the_repository));
@@ -1674,6 +1747,15 @@ static int want_object_in_pack(const struct object_id *oid,
 	return 1;
 }
 
+static inline int want_object_in_pack(const struct object_id *oid,
+				      int exclude,
+				      struct packed_git **found_pack,
+				      off_t *found_offset)
+{
+	return want_object_in_pack_mtime(oid, exclude, found_pack, found_offset,
+					 0);
+}
+
 static struct object_entry *create_object_entry(const struct object_id *oid,
 						enum object_type type,
 						uint32_t hash,
@@ -3606,7 +3688,7 @@ static void add_cruft_object_entry(const struct object_id *oid, enum object_type
 			entry->no_try_delta = no_try_delta(name);
 		}
 	} else {
-		if (!want_object_in_pack(oid, 0, &pack, &offset))
+		if (!want_object_in_pack_mtime(oid, 0, &pack, &offset, mtime))
 			return;
 		if (!pack && type == OBJ_BLOB && !has_loose_object(oid)) {
 			/*
@@ -3680,6 +3762,8 @@ static void mark_pack_kept_in_core(struct string_list *packs, unsigned keep)
 		struct packed_git *p = item->util;
 		if (!p)
 			die(_("could not find pack '%s'"), item->string);
+		if (p->is_cruft && keep)
+			ignore_packed_keep_in_core_has_cruft = 1;
 		p->pack_keep_in_core = keep;
 	}
 }
diff --git a/packfile.c b/packfile.c
index 2d80d80cb3..9d09f8bc72 100644
--- a/packfile.c
+++ b/packfile.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "commit-graph.h"
 #include "pack-revindex.h"
 #include "promisor-remote.h"
+#include "pack-mtimes.h"
 
 char *odb_pack_name(struct repository *r, struct strbuf *buf,
 		    const unsigned char *hash, const char *ext)
@@ -2107,7 +2108,7 @@ static void maybe_invalidate_kept_pack_cache(struct repository *r,
 	r->objects->kept_pack_cache.flags = 0;
 }
 
-static struct packed_git **kept_pack_cache(struct repository *r, unsigned flags)
+struct packed_git **kept_pack_cache(struct repository *r, unsigned flags)
 {
 	maybe_invalidate_kept_pack_cache(r, flags);
 
diff --git a/packfile.h b/packfile.h
index 00ada7a938..25097213d0 100644
--- a/packfile.h
+++ b/packfile.h
@@ -197,6 +197,8 @@ int has_object_pack(struct repository *r, const struct object_id *oid);
 int has_object_kept_pack(struct repository *r, const struct object_id *oid,
 			 unsigned flags);
 
+struct packed_git **kept_pack_cache(struct repository *r, unsigned flags);
+
 /*
  * Return 1 if an object in a promisor packfile is or refers to the given
  * object, 0 otherwise.
diff --git a/t/t7704-repack-cruft.sh b/t/t7704-repack-cruft.sh
index 959e6e2648..43d2947d28 100755
--- a/t/t7704-repack-cruft.sh
+++ b/t/t7704-repack-cruft.sh
@@ -304,6 +304,72 @@ test_expect_success '--max-cruft-size with freshened objects (packed)' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--max-cruft-size with freshened objects (previously cruft)' '
+	repo="max-cruft-size-threshold" &&
+
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr $repo" &&
+	git init "$repo" &&
+	(
+		cd "$repo" &&
+
+		test_commit base &&
+		foo="$(generate_random_blob foo $((2*1024*1024)))" &&
+		bar="$(generate_random_blob bar $((2*1024*1024)))" &&
+		baz="$(generate_random_blob baz $((2*1024*1024)))" &&
+
+		test-tool chmtime --get -100000 \
+			"$objdir/$(test_oid_to_path "$foo")" >foo.old &&
+		test-tool chmtime --get -100000 \
+			"$objdir/$(test_oid_to_path "$bar")" >bar.old &&
+		test-tool chmtime --get -100000 \
+			"$objdir/$(test_oid_to_path "$baz")" >baz.old &&
+
+		git repack --cruft -d &&
+
+		# Make an identical copy of foo stored in a pack with a more
+		# recent mtime.
+		foo="$(generate_random_blob foo $((2*1024*1024)))" &&
+		foo_pack="$(echo "$foo" | git pack-objects $packdir/pack)" &&
+		test-tool chmtime --get -100 \
+			"$packdir/pack-$foo_pack.pack" >foo.new &&
+		git prune-packed &&
+
+		# Make a loose copy of bar, also with a more recent mtime.
+		bar="$(generate_random_blob bar $((2*1024*1024)))" &&
+		test-tool chmtime --get -100 \
+			"$objdir/$(test_oid_to_path "$bar")" >bar.new &&
+
+		# Make a new cruft object $quux to ensure we do not
+		# generate an identical pack to the existing cruft
+		# pack.
+		quux="$(generate_random_blob quux $((1024)))" &&
+		test-tool chmtime --get -100 \
+			"$objdir/$(test_oid_to_path "$quux")" >quux.new &&
+
+		git repack --cruft --max-cruft-size=3M -d &&
+
+		for p in $packdir/pack-*.mtimes
+		do
+			test-tool pack-mtimes "$(basename "$p")" || return 1
+		done >actual.raw &&
+		sort actual.raw >actual &&
+
+		# Among the set of all cruft packs, we should see both
+		# mtimes for object $foo and $bar, as well as the
+		# single new copy of $baz.
+		sort >expect <<-EOF &&
+		$foo $(cat foo.old)
+		$foo $(cat foo.new)
+		$bar $(cat bar.old)
+		$bar $(cat bar.new)
+		$baz $(cat baz.old)
+		$quux $(cat quux.new)
+		EOF
+
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success '--max-cruft-size with pruning' '
 	git init max-cruft-size-prune &&
 	(