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user-manual: update for new default --track behavior Update documentation to reflect the --track default. That change seems to have happened in the 1.5.3 -rc's, so bump the "for version x.y.z or newer" warning as well. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Git User's Manual (for version 1.5.3 or newer)
Mention version 1.5.1 in tutorial and user-manual Most other documentation will frequently be read from an installation of git so will naturally be associated with the installed version. But these two documents in particular are often read from web pages while users are still exploring git. It's important to mention version 1.5.1 since these documents provide example commands that won't work with previous versions of git. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
______________________________________________
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: introduce git Well, we should say at least something about what git is. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Git is a fast distributed revision control system.
Documentation: Correct various misspellings and typos. Fix minor typos throughout the documentation. Signed-off-by: Brian Hetro <whee@smaertness.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
18 years ago
This manual is designed to be readable by someone with basic UNIX
Fix minor typos/grammar in user-manual.txt Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
command-line skills, but no previous knowledge of git.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: move quick-start to an appendix The quick start interrupts the flow of the manual a bit. Move it to "appendix A" but add a reference to it in the preface. Also rename the todo chapter to "appendix B", and revise the preface a little. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
<<repositories-and-branches>> and <<exploring-git-history>> explain how
to fetch and study a project using git--read these chapters to learn how
to build and test a particular version of a software project, search for
regressions, and so on.
user-manual: add "quick start" as chapter 1 Add a "quick start" guide, modelled after Mercurial's, as the first chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: move quick-start to an appendix The quick start interrupts the flow of the manual a bit. Move it to "appendix A" but add a reference to it in the preface. Also rename the todo chapter to "appendix B", and revise the preface a little. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
People needing to do actual development will also want to read
work around Python warnings from AsciiDoc It appears that a reference to an anchor defined as [[anchor-name]] from another place using <<anchor-name>> syntax, when the anchor name contains a string "-with-" in its name, triggers these warnings from Python interpreter. asciidoc -b docbook -d book user-manual.txt <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 There currently is no reference to "Finding comments with given content", but for consistency and for futureproofing, the anchor is also updated as the other ones that are actually used and trigger these warnings. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junio@pobox.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
16 years ago
<<Developing-With-git>> and <<sharing-development>>.
Documentation: expand preface and todo's Add a brief description of the organization to the preface, expand the final notes/todo's section, in hopes maybe some others will want to contribute. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Further chapters cover more specialized topics.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Comprehensive reference documentation is available through the man
Documentation: user-manual: add information about "git help" at the beginning Talking about "git help" is useful because it has a few more features (like when using it without arguments or with "-a") and it may work on non unix like platforms. Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
16 years ago
pages, or linkgit:git-help[1] command. For example, for the command
"git clone <repo>", you can either use:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
------------------------------------------------
$ man git-clone
------------------------------------------------
Documentation: user-manual: add information about "git help" at the beginning Talking about "git help" is useful because it has a few more features (like when using it without arguments or with "-a") and it may work on non unix like platforms. Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
16 years ago
or:
------------------------------------------------
$ git help clone
------------------------------------------------
With the latter, you can use the manual viewer of your choice; see
linkgit:git-help[1] for more information.
user-manual: move quick-start to an appendix The quick start interrupts the flow of the manual a bit. Move it to "appendix A" but add a reference to it in the preface. Also rename the todo chapter to "appendix B", and revise the preface a little. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
See also <<git-quick-start>> for a brief overview of git commands,
without any explanation.
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: quick-start updates Update text to reflect new position in appendix. Update the name to reflect the fact that this is closer to reference than tutorial documentation (as suggested by Jonas Fonseca). Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Finally, see <<todo>> for ways that you can help make this manual more
user-manual: move quick-start to an appendix The quick start interrupts the flow of the manual a bit. Move it to "appendix A" but add a reference to it in the preface. Also rename the todo chapter to "appendix B", and revise the preface a little. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
complete.
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[repositories-and-branches]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Repositories and Branches
=========================
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[how-to-get-a-git-repository]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
How to get a git repository
---------------------------
It will be useful to have a git repository to experiment with as you
read this manual.
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
The best way to get one is by using the linkgit:git-clone[1] command to
user-manual: minor editing for conciseness Just cutting out a few unnecessary words. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
download a copy of an existing repository. If you don't already have a
project in mind, here are some interesting examples:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
------------------------------------------------
# git itself (approx. 10MB download):
$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git
Use capitalized names where appropriate The Linux kernel and Emacs are both spelled capitalized Signed-off-by: Henrik Austad <henrik@austad.us> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
16 years ago
# the Linux kernel (approx. 150MB download):
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git
------------------------------------------------
The initial clone may be time-consuming for a large project, but you
will only need to clone once.
user-manual: define "branch" and "working tree" at start Some explanation here might help. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
17 years ago
The clone command creates a new directory named after the project ("git"
or "linux-2.6" in the examples above). After you cd into this
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
directory, you will see that it contains a copy of the project files,
user-manual: define "branch" and "working tree" at start Some explanation here might help. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
17 years ago
called the <<def_working_tree,working tree>>, together with a special
top-level directory named ".git", which contains all the information
about the history of the project.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[how-to-check-out]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
How to check out a different version of a project
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: introduce the word "commit" earlier Use the word "commit" as a synonym for "version" from the start. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Git is best thought of as a tool for storing the history of a collection
of files. It stores the history as a compressed collection of
interrelated snapshots of the project's contents. In git each such
version is called a <<def_commit,commit>>.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: define "branch" and "working tree" at start Some explanation here might help. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
17 years ago
Those snapshots aren't necessarily all arranged in a single line from
oldest to newest; instead, work may simultaneously proceed along
Documentation/user-manual.txt: fix typo Signed-off-by: Gustaf Hendeby <hendeby@isy.liu.se> Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
17 years ago
parallel lines of development, called <<def_branch,branches>>, which may
user-manual: define "branch" and "working tree" at start Some explanation here might help. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
17 years ago
merge and diverge.
A single git repository can track development on multiple branches. It
does this by keeping a list of <<def_head,heads>> which reference the
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
latest commit on each branch; the linkgit:git-branch[1] command shows
user-manual: introduce "branch" and "branch head" differently I was using "branch" to mean "head", but that's perhaps a little sloppy; so instead start by using the terms "branch head" and "head", while still quickly falling back on "branch", since that's what people actually say more frequently. Also include glossary references on the first uses of "head" and "tag". Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
you the list of branch heads:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
------------------------------------------------
$ git branch
* master
------------------------------------------------
user-manual: fix discussion of default clone The name "master" isn't actually quite so special. Also, fix some bad grammar. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
A freshly cloned repository contains a single branch head, by default
named "master", with the working directory initialized to the state of
the project referred to by that branch head.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: introduce "branch" and "branch head" differently I was using "branch" to mean "head", but that's perhaps a little sloppy; so instead start by using the terms "branch head" and "head", while still quickly falling back on "branch", since that's what people actually say more frequently. Also include glossary references on the first uses of "head" and "tag". Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Most projects also use <<def_tag,tags>>. Tags, like heads, are
references into the project's history, and can be listed using the
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:git-tag[1] command:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
------------------------------------------------
$ git tag -l
v2.6.11
v2.6.11-tree
v2.6.12
v2.6.12-rc2
v2.6.12-rc3
v2.6.12-rc4
v2.6.12-rc5
v2.6.12-rc6
v2.6.13
...
------------------------------------------------
user-manual: clarify difference between tag and branch Explain the difference (well, one of the differences) between a tag and a branch. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Tags are expected to always point at the same version of a project,
user-manual: introduce "branch" and "branch head" differently I was using "branch" to mean "head", but that's perhaps a little sloppy; so instead start by using the terms "branch head" and "head", while still quickly falling back on "branch", since that's what people actually say more frequently. Also include glossary references on the first uses of "head" and "tag". Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
while heads are expected to advance as development progresses.
user-manual: clarify difference between tag and branch Explain the difference (well, one of the differences) between a tag and a branch. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: introduce "branch" and "branch head" differently I was using "branch" to mean "head", but that's perhaps a little sloppy; so instead start by using the terms "branch head" and "head", while still quickly falling back on "branch", since that's what people actually say more frequently. Also include glossary references on the first uses of "head" and "tag". Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Create a new branch head pointing to one of these versions and check it
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
out using linkgit:git-checkout[1]:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
------------------------------------------------
$ git checkout -b new v2.6.13
------------------------------------------------
The working directory then reflects the contents that the project had
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
when it was tagged v2.6.13, and linkgit:git-branch[1] shows two
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
branches, with an asterisk marking the currently checked-out branch:
------------------------------------------------
$ git branch
master
* new
------------------------------------------------
If you decide that you'd rather see version 2.6.17, you can modify
the current branch to point at v2.6.17 instead, with
------------------------------------------------
$ git reset --hard v2.6.17
------------------------------------------------
user-manual: introduce "branch" and "branch head" differently I was using "branch" to mean "head", but that's perhaps a little sloppy; so instead start by using the terms "branch head" and "head", while still quickly falling back on "branch", since that's what people actually say more frequently. Also include glossary references on the first uses of "head" and "tag". Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Note that if the current branch head was your only reference to a
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
particular point in history, then resetting that branch may leave you
user-manual: introduce "branch" and "branch head" differently I was using "branch" to mean "head", but that's perhaps a little sloppy; so instead start by using the terms "branch head" and "head", while still quickly falling back on "branch", since that's what people actually say more frequently. Also include glossary references on the first uses of "head" and "tag". Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
with no way to find the history it used to point to; so use this command
carefully.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[understanding-commits]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Understanding History: Commits
------------------------------
Every change in the history of a project is represented by a commit.
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
The linkgit:git-show[1] command shows the most recent commit on the
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
current branch:
------------------------------------------------
$ git show
user-manual: use pithier example commit Actually, we should have a competition for the favorite example commit. Criteria: - length: one-line changes with one-line comments preferred, and no long lines - significance/memorability - comic value Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
commit 17cf781661e6d38f737f15f53ab552f1e95960d7
Author: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org.(none)>
Date: Tue Apr 19 14:11:06 2005 -0700
Remove duplicate getenv(DB_ENVIRONMENT) call
Noted by Tony Luck.
diff --git a/init-db.c b/init-db.c
index 65898fa..b002dc6 100644
--- a/init-db.c
+++ b/init-db.c
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: use pithier example commit Actually, we should have a competition for the favorite example commit. Criteria: - length: one-line changes with one-line comments preferred, and no long lines - significance/memorability - comic value Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
- char *sha1_dir = getenv(DB_ENVIRONMENT), *path;
+ char *sha1_dir, *path;
int len, i;
if (mkdir(".git", 0755) < 0) {
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
------------------------------------------------
As you can see, a commit shows who made the latest change, what they
did, and why.
user-manual: insert earlier of mention content-addressable architecture The content-addressable design is too important not to be worth at least a brief mention a little earlier on. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
Every commit has a 40-hexdigit id, sometimes called the "object name" or the
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
"SHA1 id", shown on the first line of the "git-show" output. You can usually
user-manual: insert earlier of mention content-addressable architecture The content-addressable design is too important not to be worth at least a brief mention a little earlier on. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
refer to a commit by a shorter name, such as a tag or a branch name, but this
longer name can also be useful. Most importantly, it is a globally unique
name for this commit: so if you tell somebody else the object name (for
example in email), then you are guaranteed that name will refer to the same
commit in their repository that it does in yours (assuming their repository
has that commit at all). Since the object name is computed as a hash over the
contents of the commit, you are guaranteed that the commit can never change
without its name also changing.
user-manual: rename "git internals" to "git concepts" "git internals" sounds like something only git developers must know about, but this stuff should be of wider interest. Rename the chapter and give it a slightly friendlier introduction. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
In fact, in <<git-concepts>> we shall see that everything stored in git
user-manual: insert earlier of mention content-addressable architecture The content-addressable design is too important not to be worth at least a brief mention a little earlier on. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
history, including file data and directory contents, is stored in an object
with a name that is a hash of its contents.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[understanding-reachability]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Every commit (except the very first commit in a project) also has a
parent commit which shows what happened before this commit.
Following the chain of parents will eventually take you back to the
beginning of the project.
However, the commits do not form a simple list; git allows lines of
development to diverge and then reconverge, and the point where two
lines of development reconverge is called a "merge". The commit
representing a merge can therefore have more than one parent, with
each parent representing the most recent commit on one of the lines
of development leading to that point.
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
The best way to see how this works is using the linkgit:gitk[1]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
command; running gitk now on a git repository and looking for merge
commits will help understand how the git organizes history.
In the following, we say that commit X is "reachable" from commit Y
if commit X is an ancestor of commit Y. Equivalently, you could say
Documentation: Correct various misspellings and typos. Fix minor typos throughout the documentation. Signed-off-by: Brian Hetro <whee@smaertness.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
18 years ago
that Y is a descendant of X, or that there is a chain of parents
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
leading from commit Y to commit X.
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[history-diagrams]]
Assorted typo fixes Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
Understanding history: History diagrams
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
We will sometimes represent git history using diagrams like the one
below. Commits are shown as "o", and the links between them with
lines drawn with - / and \. Time goes left to right:
user-manual: fix rendering of history diagrams Asciidoc appears to interpret a backslash at the end of a line as escaping the end-of-line character, which screws up the display of history diagrams like o--o--o \ o--... The obvious fix (replacing "\" by "\\") doesn't work. The only workaround I've found is to include all such diagrams in a LiteralBlock. Asciidoc claims that should be equivalent to a literal paragraph, so I don't understand why the difference--perhaps it's an asciidoc bug. Cc: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
................................................
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
o--o--o <-- Branch A
/
o--o--o <-- master
\
o--o--o <-- Branch B
user-manual: fix rendering of history diagrams Asciidoc appears to interpret a backslash at the end of a line as escaping the end-of-line character, which screws up the display of history diagrams like o--o--o \ o--... The obvious fix (replacing "\" by "\\") doesn't work. The only workaround I've found is to include all such diagrams in a LiteralBlock. Asciidoc claims that should be equivalent to a literal paragraph, so I don't understand why the difference--perhaps it's an asciidoc bug. Cc: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
................................................
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
If we need to talk about a particular commit, the character "o" may
be replaced with another letter or number.
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[what-is-a-branch]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Understanding history: What is a branch?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
user-manual: introduce "branch" and "branch head" differently I was using "branch" to mean "head", but that's perhaps a little sloppy; so instead start by using the terms "branch head" and "head", while still quickly falling back on "branch", since that's what people actually say more frequently. Also include glossary references on the first uses of "head" and "tag". Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
When we need to be precise, we will use the word "branch" to mean a line
of development, and "branch head" (or just "head") to mean a reference
to the most recent commit on a branch. In the example above, the branch
head named "A" is a pointer to one particular commit, but we refer to
the line of three commits leading up to that point as all being part of
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
"branch A".
user-manual: introduce "branch" and "branch head" differently I was using "branch" to mean "head", but that's perhaps a little sloppy; so instead start by using the terms "branch head" and "head", while still quickly falling back on "branch", since that's what people actually say more frequently. Also include glossary references on the first uses of "head" and "tag". Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
However, when no confusion will result, we often just use the term
"branch" both for branches and for branch heads.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[manipulating-branches]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Manipulating branches
---------------------
Creating, deleting, and modifying branches is quick and easy; here's
a summary of the commands:
git branch::
list all branches
git branch <branch>::
create a new branch named <branch>, referencing the same
point in history as the current branch
git branch <branch> <start-point>::
create a new branch named <branch>, referencing
<start-point>, which may be specified any way you like,
including using a branch name or a tag name
git branch -d <branch>::
delete the branch <branch>; if the branch you are deleting
user-manual: miscellaneous editing I cherry-picked some additional miscellaneous fixes from those suggested by Santi Béjar, including fixes to: - correct discussion of repository/HEAD->repository shortcut - add mention of git-mergetool - add mention of --track - mention "-f" as well as "+" for fetch Cc: Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
points to a commit which is not reachable from the current
branch, this command will fail with a warning.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
git branch -D <branch>::
even if the branch points to a commit not reachable
from the current branch, you may know that that commit
is still reachable from some other branch or tag. In that
case it is safe to use this command to force git to delete
the branch.
git checkout <branch>::
make the current branch <branch>, updating the working
directory to reflect the version referenced by <branch>
git checkout -b <new> <start-point>::
create a new branch <new> referencing <start-point>, and
check it out.
user-manual: detached HEAD Add a brief mention of detached HEADs and .git/HEAD. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
The special symbol "HEAD" can always be used to refer to the current
branch. In fact, git uses a file named "HEAD" in the .git directory to
remember which branch is current:
------------------------------------------------
$ cat .git/HEAD
ref: refs/heads/master
------------------------------------------------
user-manual: use detached head when rewriting history This is slightly simpler if we use a detached head. And it's probably good to have another example that uses this feature. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
[[detached-head]]
user-manual: detached HEAD Add a brief mention of detached HEADs and .git/HEAD. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
Examining an old version without creating a new branch
------------------------------------------------------
The git-checkout command normally expects a branch head, but will also
accept an arbitrary commit; for example, you can check out the commit
referenced by a tag:
------------------------------------------------
$ git checkout v2.6.17
Note: moving to "v2.6.17" which isn't a local branch
If you want to create a new branch from this checkout, you may do so
(now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:
git checkout -b <new_branch_name>
HEAD is now at 427abfa... Linux v2.6.17
------------------------------------------------
The HEAD then refers to the SHA1 of the commit instead of to a branch,
and git branch shows that you are no longer on a branch:
------------------------------------------------
$ cat .git/HEAD
427abfa28afedffadfca9dd8b067eb6d36bac53f
user-manual: more discussion of detached heads, fix typos Nicolas Pitre pointed out a couple typos and some room for improvement in the discussion of detached heads. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Cc: Nicolas Pitre <nico@cam.org>
18 years ago
$ git branch
user-manual: detached HEAD Add a brief mention of detached HEADs and .git/HEAD. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
* (no branch)
master
------------------------------------------------
In this case we say that the HEAD is "detached".
user-manual: more discussion of detached heads, fix typos Nicolas Pitre pointed out a couple typos and some room for improvement in the discussion of detached heads. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Cc: Nicolas Pitre <nico@cam.org>
18 years ago
This is an easy way to check out a particular version without having to
make up a name for the new branch. You can still create a new branch
(or tag) for this version later if you decide to.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[examining-remote-branches]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Examining branches from a remote repository
-------------------------------------------
The "master" branch that was created at the time you cloned is a copy
of the HEAD in the repository that you cloned from. That repository
may also have had other branches, though, and your local repository
keeps branches which track each of those remote branches, which you
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
can view using the "-r" option to linkgit:git-branch[1]:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
------------------------------------------------
$ git branch -r
origin/HEAD
origin/html
origin/maint
origin/man
origin/master
origin/next
origin/pu
origin/todo
------------------------------------------------
You cannot check out these remote-tracking branches, but you can
examine them on a branch of your own, just as you would a tag:
------------------------------------------------
$ git checkout -b my-todo-copy origin/todo
------------------------------------------------
Note that the name "origin" is just the name that git uses by default
to refer to the repository that you cloned from.
[[how-git-stores-references]]
user-manual: update references discussion Since references may be packed, it's no longer as helpful to introduce references as paths relative to .git. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Naming branches, tags, and other references
-------------------------------------------
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Branches, remote-tracking branches, and tags are all references to
user-manual: update references discussion Since references may be packed, it's no longer as helpful to introduce references as paths relative to .git. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
commits. All references are named with a slash-separated path name
starting with "refs"; the names we've been using so far are actually
shorthand:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: update references discussion Since references may be packed, it's no longer as helpful to introduce references as paths relative to .git. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
- The branch "test" is short for "refs/heads/test".
- The tag "v2.6.18" is short for "refs/tags/v2.6.18".
- "origin/master" is short for "refs/remotes/origin/master".
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: update references discussion Since references may be packed, it's no longer as helpful to introduce references as paths relative to .git. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
The full name is occasionally useful if, for example, there ever
exists a tag and a branch with the same name.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: don't assume refs are stored under .git/refs The scripts taken from Tony Luck's howto assume all refs can be found under .git/refs, but this is not necessarily true, especially since git-gc runs git-pack-refs. Also add a note warning of this in the chapter that introduces refs, and fix the same incorrect assumption in one other spot. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
(Newly created refs are actually stored in the .git/refs directory,
under the path given by their name. However, for efficiency reasons
they may also be packed together in a single file; see
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:git-pack-refs[1]).
user-manual: don't assume refs are stored under .git/refs The scripts taken from Tony Luck's howto assume all refs can be found under .git/refs, but this is not necessarily true, especially since git-gc runs git-pack-refs. Also add a note warning of this in the chapter that introduces refs, and fix the same incorrect assumption in one other spot. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: miscellaneous editing I cherry-picked some additional miscellaneous fixes from those suggested by Santi Béjar, including fixes to: - correct discussion of repository/HEAD->repository shortcut - add mention of git-mergetool - add mention of --track - mention "-f" as well as "+" for fetch Cc: Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
As another useful shortcut, the "HEAD" of a repository can be referred
to just using the name of that repository. So, for example, "origin"
is usually a shortcut for the HEAD branch in the repository "origin".
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
For the complete list of paths which git checks for references, and
user-manual: update references discussion Since references may be packed, it's no longer as helpful to introduce references as paths relative to .git. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
the order it uses to decide which to choose when there are multiple
references with the same shorthand name, see the "SPECIFYING
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
REVISIONS" section of linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
work around Python warnings from AsciiDoc It appears that a reference to an anchor defined as [[anchor-name]] from another place using <<anchor-name>> syntax, when the anchor name contains a string "-with-" in its name, triggers these warnings from Python interpreter. asciidoc -b docbook -d book user-manual.txt <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 There currently is no reference to "Finding comments with given content", but for consistency and for futureproofing, the anchor is also updated as the other ones that are actually used and trigger these warnings. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junio@pobox.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
16 years ago
[[Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch]]
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
Updating a repository with git-fetch
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
------------------------------------
Eventually the developer cloned from will do additional work in her
repository, creating new commits and advancing the branches to point
at the new commits.
The command "git fetch", with no arguments, will update all of the
remote-tracking branches to the latest version found in her
repository. It will not touch any of your own branches--not even the
"master" branch that was created for you on clone.
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[fetching-branches]]
Documentation: begin discussion of git-remote in user manual Start discussion of git-remote. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Fetching branches from other repositories
-----------------------------------------
You can also track branches from repositories other than the one you
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
cloned from, using linkgit:git-remote[1]:
Documentation: begin discussion of git-remote in user manual Start discussion of git-remote. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git remote add linux-nfs git://linux-nfs.org/pub/nfs-2.6.git
Documentation: A few minor fixes to Git User's Manual Mainly consistent usage of "git command" and not "git-command" syntax Signed-off-by: Jakub Narebski <jnareb@gmail.com> Acked-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
$ git fetch linux-nfs
Documentation: begin discussion of git-remote in user manual Start discussion of git-remote. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
* refs/remotes/linux-nfs/master: storing branch 'master' ...
commit: bf81b46
-------------------------------------------------
New remote-tracking branches will be stored under the shorthand name
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
that you gave "git-remote add", in this case linux-nfs:
Documentation: begin discussion of git-remote in user manual Start discussion of git-remote. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git branch -r
linux-nfs/master
origin/master
-------------------------------------------------
If you run "git fetch <remote>" later, the tracking branches for the
named <remote> will be updated.
If you examine the file .git/config, you will see that git has added
a new stanza:
-------------------------------------------------
$ cat .git/config
...
[remote "linux-nfs"]
user-manual: fix inconsistent example The configuration file fragment here is inconsistent with the text above. Thanks to Ramsay Jones for the correction. Cc: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
url = git://linux-nfs.org/pub/nfs-2.6.git
fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/linux-nfs/*
Documentation: begin discussion of git-remote in user manual Start discussion of git-remote. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
...
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: add references to git-config man page Direct editing of config files may be more natural for users than using the git-config commandline; but we should still reference the git-config man page when we describe such editing, so people know where to go for details on the config file syntax and meanings of the variables. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
This is what causes git to track the remote's branches; you may modify
or delete these configuration options by editing .git/config with a
text editor. (See the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:git-config[1] for details.)
Documentation: begin discussion of git-remote in user manual Start discussion of git-remote. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[exploring-git-history]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Exploring git history
=====================
Git is best thought of as a tool for storing the history of a
collection of files. It does this by storing compressed snapshots of
user-manual: fix typolets. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
18 years ago
the contents of a file hierarchy, together with "commits" which show
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
the relationships between these snapshots.
Git provides extremely flexible and fast tools for exploring the
history of a project.
Fix some documentation typos and grammar Also suggest user manual mention .gitignore. Signed-off-by: Michael Coleman <tutufan@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
We start with one specialized tool that is useful for finding the
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
commit that introduced a bug into a project.
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[using-bisect]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
How to use bisect to find a regression
--------------------------------------
Suppose version 2.6.18 of your project worked, but the version at
"master" crashes. Sometimes the best way to find the cause of such a
regression is to perform a brute-force search through the project's
history to find the particular commit that caused the problem. The
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:git-bisect[1] command can help you do this:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git bisect start
$ git bisect good v2.6.18
$ git bisect bad master
Bisecting: 3537 revisions left to test after this
[65934a9a028b88e83e2b0f8b36618fe503349f8e] BLOCK: Make USB storage depend on SCSI rather than selecting it [try #6]
-------------------------------------------------
If you run "git branch" at this point, you'll see that git has
documentation: user-manual: update "using-bisect" section Since version 1.5.6 "git bisect" doesn't use a "bisect" branch any more, but the user manual had not been updated to reflect this. So this patch does that and while at it also adds a few words about "git bisect skip" and points user to the "git bisect" man page for more information. Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
temporarily moved you in "(no branch)". HEAD is now detached from any
branch and points directly to a commit (with commit id 65934...) that
is reachable from "master" but not from v2.6.18. Compile and test it,
and see whether it crashes. Assume it does crash. Then:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git bisect bad
Bisecting: 1769 revisions left to test after this
[7eff82c8b1511017ae605f0c99ac275a7e21b867] i2c-core: Drop useless bitmaskings
-------------------------------------------------
checks out an older version. Continue like this, telling git at each
stage whether the version it gives you is good or bad, and notice
that the number of revisions left to test is cut approximately in
half each time.
After about 13 tests (in this case), it will output the commit id of
the guilty commit. You can then examine the commit with
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:git-show[1], find out who wrote it, and mail them your bug
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
report with the commit id. Finally, run
-------------------------------------------------
$ git bisect reset
-------------------------------------------------
documentation: user-manual: update "using-bisect" section Since version 1.5.6 "git bisect" doesn't use a "bisect" branch any more, but the user manual had not been updated to reflect this. So this patch does that and while at it also adds a few words about "git bisect skip" and points user to the "git bisect" man page for more information. Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
to return you to the branch you were on before.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Note that the version which git-bisect checks out for you at each
point is just a suggestion, and you're free to try a different
version if you think it would be a good idea. For example,
occasionally you may land on a commit that broke something unrelated;
run
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: A few minor fixes to Git User's Manual Mainly consistent usage of "git command" and not "git-command" syntax Signed-off-by: Jakub Narebski <jnareb@gmail.com> Acked-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
$ git bisect visualize
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
which will run gitk and label the commit it chose with a marker that
user-manual: typo and grammar fixes Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
says "bisect". Choose a safe-looking commit nearby, note its commit
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
id, and check it out with:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git reset --hard fb47ddb2db...
-------------------------------------------------
then test, run "bisect good" or "bisect bad" as appropriate, and
continue.
documentation: user-manual: update "using-bisect" section Since version 1.5.6 "git bisect" doesn't use a "bisect" branch any more, but the user manual had not been updated to reflect this. So this patch does that and while at it also adds a few words about "git bisect skip" and points user to the "git bisect" man page for more information. Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
Instead of "git bisect visualize" and then "git reset --hard
fb47ddb2db...", you might just want to tell git that you want to skip
the current commit:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git bisect skip
-------------------------------------------------
In this case, though, git may not eventually be able to tell the first
Fix typos in the documentation. Signed-off-by: Ralf Wildenhues <Ralf.Wildenhues@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
16 years ago
bad one between some first skipped commits and a later bad commit.
documentation: user-manual: update "using-bisect" section Since version 1.5.6 "git bisect" doesn't use a "bisect" branch any more, but the user manual had not been updated to reflect this. So this patch does that and while at it also adds a few words about "git bisect skip" and points user to the "git bisect" man page for more information. Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
There are also ways to automate the bisecting process if you have a
test script that can tell a good from a bad commit. See
linkgit:git-bisect[1] for more information about this and other "git
bisect" features.
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[naming-commits]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Naming commits
--------------
We have seen several ways of naming commits already:
user-manual: SHA1 -> object name Prefer "object name" to SHA1, at least in higher level documentation. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
- 40-hexdigit object name
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
- branch name: refers to the commit at the head of the given
branch
- tag name: refers to the commit pointed to by the given tag
(we've seen branches and tags are special cases of
<<how-git-stores-references,references>>).
- HEAD: refers to the head of the current branch
User manual: fix typos in examples Correct command line examples of repo-config, format-patch and am. A full object name is 40-hexdigit; it may be 20-byte but 20-digit is misleading. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
There are many more; see the "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section of the
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] man page for the complete list of ways to
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
name revisions. Some examples:
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: SHA1 -> object name Prefer "object name" to SHA1, at least in higher level documentation. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ git show fb47ddb2 # the first few characters of the object name
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
# are usually enough to specify it uniquely
$ git show HEAD^ # the parent of the HEAD commit
$ git show HEAD^^ # the grandparent
$ git show HEAD~4 # the great-great-grandparent
-------------------------------------------------
Recall that merge commits may have more than one parent; by default,
^ and ~ follow the first parent listed in the commit, but you can
also choose:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git show HEAD^1 # show the first parent of HEAD
$ git show HEAD^2 # show the second parent of HEAD
-------------------------------------------------
In addition to HEAD, there are several other special names for
commits:
Merges (to be discussed later), as well as operations such as
git-reset, which change the currently checked-out commit, generally
set ORIG_HEAD to the value HEAD had before the current operation.
The git-fetch operation always stores the head of the last fetched
branch in FETCH_HEAD. For example, if you run git fetch without
specifying a local branch as the target of the operation
-------------------------------------------------
$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git theirbranch
-------------------------------------------------
the fetched commits will still be available from FETCH_HEAD.
When we discuss merges we'll also see the special name MERGE_HEAD,
which refers to the other branch that we're merging in to the current
branch.
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
The linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] command is a low-level command that is
user-manual: SHA1 -> object name Prefer "object name" to SHA1, at least in higher level documentation. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
occasionally useful for translating some name for a commit to the object
name for that commit:
Documentation: rev-list -> rev-parse, other typos, start examples Fix some typos, start adding some more simple examples. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git rev-parse origin
e05db0fd4f31dde7005f075a84f96b360d05984b
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[creating-tags]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Creating tags
-------------
We can also create a tag to refer to a particular commit; after
running
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: A few minor fixes to Git User's Manual Mainly consistent usage of "git command" and not "git-command" syntax Signed-off-by: Jakub Narebski <jnareb@gmail.com> Acked-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
$ git tag stable-1 1b2e1d63ff
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
You can use stable-1 to refer to the commit 1b2e1d63ff.
user-manual: miscellaneous editing I cherry-picked some additional miscellaneous fixes from those suggested by Santi Béjar, including fixes to: - correct discussion of repository/HEAD->repository shortcut - add mention of git-mergetool - add mention of --track - mention "-f" as well as "+" for fetch Cc: Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
This creates a "lightweight" tag. If you would also like to include a
comment with the tag, and possibly sign it cryptographically, then you
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
should create a tag object instead; see the linkgit:git-tag[1] man page
user-manual: miscellaneous editing I cherry-picked some additional miscellaneous fixes from those suggested by Santi Béjar, including fixes to: - correct discussion of repository/HEAD->repository shortcut - add mention of git-mergetool - add mention of --track - mention "-f" as well as "+" for fetch Cc: Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
for details.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[browsing-revisions]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Browsing revisions
------------------
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
The linkgit:git-log[1] command can show lists of commits. On its
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
own, it shows all commits reachable from the parent commit; but you
can also make more specific requests:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git log v2.5.. # commits since (not reachable from) v2.5
$ git log test..master # commits reachable from master but not test
$ git log master..test # ...reachable from test but not master
$ git log master...test # ...reachable from either test or master,
# but not both
$ git log --since="2 weeks ago" # commits from the last 2 weeks
$ git log Makefile # commits which modify Makefile
$ git log fs/ # ... which modify any file under fs/
$ git log -S'foo()' # commits which add or remove any file data
# matching the string 'foo()'
-------------------------------------------------
And of course you can combine all of these; the following finds
commits since v2.5 which touch the Makefile or any file under fs:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git log v2.5.. Makefile fs/
-------------------------------------------------
You can also ask git log to show patches:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git log -p
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
See the "--pretty" option in the linkgit:git-log[1] man page for more
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
display options.
Note that git log starts with the most recent commit and works
backwards through the parents; however, since git history can contain
Assorted typo fixes Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
multiple independent lines of development, the particular order that
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
commits are listed in may be somewhat arbitrary.
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[generating-diffs]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Generating diffs
----------------
You can generate diffs between any two versions using
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:git-diff[1]:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git diff master..test
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: mention "..." in "Generating diffs", etc. We should mention the use of the "..." syntax for git-diff here. The note about the difference between diff and the combined output of git-format-patch then no longer fits so well, so remove it. Add a reference to the git-format-patch[1] manpage. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
17 years ago
That will produce the diff between the tips of the two branches. If
you'd prefer to find the diff from their common ancestor to test, you
can use three dots instead of two:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git diff master...test
-------------------------------------------------
Sometimes what you want instead is a set of patches; for this you can
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
use linkgit:git-format-patch[1]:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git format-patch master..test
-------------------------------------------------
will generate a file with a patch for each commit reachable from test
user-manual: mention "..." in "Generating diffs", etc. We should mention the use of the "..." syntax for git-diff here. The note about the difference between diff and the combined output of git-format-patch then no longer fits so well, so remove it. Add a reference to the git-format-patch[1] manpage. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
17 years ago
but not from master.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[viewing-old-file-versions]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Viewing old file versions
-------------------------
You can always view an old version of a file by just checking out the
correct revision first. But sometimes it is more convenient to be
able to view an old version of a single file without checking
anything out; this command does that:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git show v2.5:fs/locks.c
-------------------------------------------------
Before the colon may be anything that names a commit, and after it
may be any path to a file tracked by git.
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[history-examples]]
Documentation: rev-list -> rev-parse, other typos, start examples Fix some typos, start adding some more simple examples. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Examples
--------
user-manual: add a "counting commits" example This is partly just an excuse to mention --pretty= and rev-list. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[counting-commits-on-a-branch]]
Counting the number of commits on a branch
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Suppose you want to know how many commits you've made on "mybranch"
since it diverged from "origin":
-------------------------------------------------
$ git log --pretty=oneline origin..mybranch | wc -l
-------------------------------------------------
Alternatively, you may often see this sort of thing done with the
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
lower-level command linkgit:git-rev-list[1], which just lists the SHA1's
user-manual: add a "counting commits" example This is partly just an excuse to mention --pretty= and rev-list. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
of all the given commits:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git rev-list origin..mybranch | wc -l
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[checking-for-equal-branches]]
Documentation: rev-list -> rev-parse, other typos, start examples Fix some typos, start adding some more simple examples. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Check whether two branches point at the same history
user-manual: rewrap, fix heading levels Fix some heading levels that prevented compile; rewrap some stuff. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Documentation: rev-list -> rev-parse, other typos, start examples Fix some typos, start adding some more simple examples. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Suppose you want to check whether two branches point at the same point
in history.
-------------------------------------------------
$ git diff origin..master
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: reindent Just some minor reindenting Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
will tell you whether the contents of the project are the same at the
two branches; in theory, however, it's possible that the same project
contents could have been arrived at by two different historical
user-manual: SHA1 -> object name Prefer "object name" to SHA1, at least in higher level documentation. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
routes. You could compare the object names:
Documentation: rev-list -> rev-parse, other typos, start examples Fix some typos, start adding some more simple examples. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git rev-list origin
e05db0fd4f31dde7005f075a84f96b360d05984b
$ git rev-list master
e05db0fd4f31dde7005f075a84f96b360d05984b
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: reindent Just some minor reindenting Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Or you could recall that the ... operator selects all commits
contained reachable from either one reference or the other but not
both: so
Documentation: rev-list -> rev-parse, other typos, start examples Fix some typos, start adding some more simple examples. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git log origin...master
-------------------------------------------------
will return no commits when the two branches are equal.
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[finding-tagged-descendants]]
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Find first tagged version including a given fix
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Documentation: rev-list -> rev-parse, other typos, start examples Fix some typos, start adding some more simple examples. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: reindent Just some minor reindenting Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Suppose you know that the commit e05db0fd fixed a certain problem.
You'd like to find the earliest tagged release that contains that
fix.
Of course, there may be more than one answer--if the history branched
after commit e05db0fd, then there could be multiple "earliest" tagged
releases.
You could just visually inspect the commits since e05db0fd:
-------------------------------------------------
$ gitk e05db0fd..
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
Or you can use linkgit:git-name-rev[1], which will give the commit a
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
name based on any tag it finds pointing to one of the commit's
descendants:
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: A few minor fixes to Git User's Manual Mainly consistent usage of "git command" and not "git-command" syntax Signed-off-by: Jakub Narebski <jnareb@gmail.com> Acked-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
$ git name-rev --tags e05db0fd
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
e05db0fd tags/v1.5.0-rc1^0~23
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
The linkgit:git-describe[1] command does the opposite, naming the
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
revision using a tag on which the given commit is based:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git describe e05db0fd
Documentation: A few minor fixes to Git User's Manual Mainly consistent usage of "git command" and not "git-command" syntax Signed-off-by: Jakub Narebski <jnareb@gmail.com> Acked-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
v1.5.0-rc0-260-ge05db0f
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
but that may sometimes help you guess which tags might come after the
given commit.
If you just want to verify whether a given tagged version contains a
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
given commit, you could use linkgit:git-merge-base[1]:
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git merge-base e05db0fd v1.5.0-rc1
e05db0fd4f31dde7005f075a84f96b360d05984b
-------------------------------------------------
The merge-base command finds a common ancestor of the given commits,
and always returns one or the other in the case where one is a
descendant of the other; so the above output shows that e05db0fd
actually is an ancestor of v1.5.0-rc1.
Alternatively, note that
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: document git-show-branch example Document Junio's show-branch trick for finding out which tags are descendents of a given comit. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ git log v1.5.0-rc1..e05db0fd
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: document git-show-branch example Document Junio's show-branch trick for finding out which tags are descendents of a given comit. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
will produce empty output if and only if v1.5.0-rc1 includes e05db0fd,
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
because it outputs only commits that are not reachable from v1.5.0-rc1.
Documentation: rev-list -> rev-parse, other typos, start examples Fix some typos, start adding some more simple examples. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
As yet another alternative, the linkgit:git-show-branch[1] command lists
user-manual: document git-show-branch example Document Junio's show-branch trick for finding out which tags are descendents of a given comit. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
the commits reachable from its arguments with a display on the left-hand
side that indicates which arguments that commit is reachable from. So,
you can run something like
-------------------------------------------------
$ git show-branch e05db0fd v1.5.0-rc0 v1.5.0-rc1 v1.5.0-rc2
! [e05db0fd] Fix warnings in sha1_file.c - use C99 printf format if
available
! [v1.5.0-rc0] GIT v1.5.0 preview
! [v1.5.0-rc1] GIT v1.5.0-rc1
! [v1.5.0-rc2] GIT v1.5.0-rc2
...
-------------------------------------------------
then search for a line that looks like
-------------------------------------------------
+ ++ [e05db0fd] Fix warnings in sha1_file.c - use C99 printf format if
available
-------------------------------------------------
Which shows that e05db0fd is reachable from itself, from v1.5.0-rc1, and
from v1.5.0-rc2, but not from v1.5.0-rc0.
user-manual: listing commits reachable from some refs not others This is just an amusing example raised by someone in irc. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch]]
Showing commits unique to a given branch
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
user-manual: document git-show-branch example Document Junio's show-branch trick for finding out which tags are descendents of a given comit. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: listing commits reachable from some refs not others This is just an amusing example raised by someone in irc. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Suppose you would like to see all the commits reachable from the branch
head named "master" but not from any other head in your repository.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: listing commits reachable from some refs not others This is just an amusing example raised by someone in irc. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
We can list all the heads in this repository with
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:git-show-ref[1]:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: listing commits reachable from some refs not others This is just an amusing example raised by someone in irc. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git show-ref --heads
bf62196b5e363d73353a9dcf094c59595f3153b7 refs/heads/core-tutorial
db768d5504c1bb46f63ee9d6e1772bd047e05bf9 refs/heads/maint
a07157ac624b2524a059a3414e99f6f44bebc1e7 refs/heads/master
24dbc180ea14dc1aebe09f14c8ecf32010690627 refs/heads/tutorial-2
1e87486ae06626c2f31eaa63d26fc0fd646c8af2 refs/heads/tutorial-fixes
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: listing commits reachable from some refs not others This is just an amusing example raised by someone in irc. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
We can get just the branch-head names, and remove "master", with
the help of the standard utilities cut and grep:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git show-ref --heads | cut -d' ' -f2 | grep -v '^refs/heads/master'
refs/heads/core-tutorial
refs/heads/maint
refs/heads/tutorial-2
refs/heads/tutorial-fixes
-------------------------------------------------
And then we can ask to see all the commits reachable from master
but not from these other heads:
-------------------------------------------------
$ gitk master --not $( git show-ref --heads | cut -d' ' -f2 |
grep -v '^refs/heads/master' )
-------------------------------------------------
Obviously, endless variations are possible; for example, to see all
commits reachable from some head but not from any tag in the repository:
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: fixed typo in example Signed-off-by: Steffen Prohaska <prohaska@zib.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
$ gitk $( git show-ref --heads ) --not $( git show-ref --tags )
user-manual: listing commits reachable from some refs not others This is just an amusing example raised by someone in irc. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
(See linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] for explanations of commit-selecting
user-manual: listing commits reachable from some refs not others This is just an amusing example raised by someone in irc. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
syntax such as `--not`.)
user-manual: move howto/make-dist.txt into user manual There seems to be a perception that the howto's are bit-rotting a little. The manual might be a more visible location for some of them, and make-dist.txt seems like a good candidate to include as an example in the manual. For now, incorporate much of it verbatim. Later we may want to update the example a bit. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[making-a-release]]
Creating a changelog and tarball for a software release
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
The linkgit:git-archive[1] command can create a tar or zip archive from
user-manual: move howto/make-dist.txt into user manual There seems to be a perception that the howto's are bit-rotting a little. The manual might be a more visible location for some of them, and make-dist.txt seems like a good candidate to include as an example in the manual. For now, incorporate much of it verbatim. Later we may want to update the example a bit. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
any version of a project; for example:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git archive --format=tar --prefix=project/ HEAD | gzip >latest.tar.gz
-------------------------------------------------
will use HEAD to produce a tar archive in which each filename is
user-manual: fix directory name in git-archive example Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
preceded by "project/".
user-manual: move howto/make-dist.txt into user manual There seems to be a perception that the howto's are bit-rotting a little. The manual might be a more visible location for some of them, and make-dist.txt seems like a good candidate to include as an example in the manual. For now, incorporate much of it verbatim. Later we may want to update the example a bit. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
If you're releasing a new version of a software project, you may want
to simultaneously make a changelog to include in the release
announcement.
Linus Torvalds, for example, makes new kernel releases by tagging them,
then running:
-------------------------------------------------
$ release-script 2.6.12 2.6.13-rc6 2.6.13-rc7
-------------------------------------------------
where release-script is a shell script that looks like:
-------------------------------------------------
#!/bin/sh
stable="$1"
last="$2"
new="$3"
echo "# git tag v$new"
echo "git archive --prefix=linux-$new/ v$new | gzip -9 > ../linux-$new.tar.gz"
echo "git diff v$stable v$new | gzip -9 > ../patch-$new.gz"
echo "git log --no-merges v$new ^v$last > ../ChangeLog-$new"
echo "git shortlog --no-merges v$new ^v$last > ../ShortLog"
echo "git diff --stat --summary -M v$last v$new > ../diffstat-$new"
-------------------------------------------------
and then he just cut-and-pastes the output commands after verifying that
they look OK.
user-manual: document git-show-branch example Document Junio's show-branch trick for finding out which tags are descendents of a given comit. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
work around Python warnings from AsciiDoc It appears that a reference to an anchor defined as [[anchor-name]] from another place using <<anchor-name>> syntax, when the anchor name contains a string "-with-" in its name, triggers these warnings from Python interpreter. asciidoc -b docbook -d book user-manual.txt <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 There currently is no reference to "Finding comments with given content", but for consistency and for futureproofing, the anchor is also updated as the other ones that are actually used and trigger these warnings. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junio@pobox.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
16 years ago
[[Finding-comments-With-given-Content]]
user-manual: finding commits referencing given file content Another amusing git exploration example brought up in irc. (Credit to aeruder for the complete solution.) Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Finding commits referencing a file with given content
user-manual: fix incorrect header level This section is a subsection of the "Examples" section. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
user-manual: finding commits referencing given file content Another amusing git exploration example brought up in irc. (Credit to aeruder for the complete solution.) Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Somebody hands you a copy of a file, and asks which commits modified a
file such that it contained the given content either before or after the
commit. You can find out with this:
-------------------------------------------------
manual: Fix example finding commits referencing given content. If I'm handed a file, then it typically lives outside the working directory. git-log only operates on in-tree files, so the first 'filename' should be an in-tree one, or it should look at all files. This patch does the latter, so it would also find renamed files. However, it is also slower. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
$ git log --raw --abbrev=40 --pretty=oneline |
user-manual: finding commits referencing given file content Another amusing git exploration example brought up in irc. (Credit to aeruder for the complete solution.) Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
grep -B 1 `git hash-object filename`
-------------------------------------------------
Figuring out why this works is left as an exercise to the (advanced)
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
student. The linkgit:git-log[1], linkgit:git-diff-tree[1], and
linkgit:git-hash-object[1] man pages may prove helpful.
user-manual: finding commits referencing given file content Another amusing git exploration example brought up in irc. (Credit to aeruder for the complete solution.) Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
work around Python warnings from AsciiDoc It appears that a reference to an anchor defined as [[anchor-name]] from another place using <<anchor-name>> syntax, when the anchor name contains a string "-with-" in its name, triggers these warnings from Python interpreter. asciidoc -b docbook -d book user-manual.txt <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 There currently is no reference to "Finding comments with given content", but for consistency and for futureproofing, the anchor is also updated as the other ones that are actually used and trigger these warnings. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junio@pobox.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
16 years ago
[[Developing-With-git]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Developing with git
===================
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[telling-git-your-name]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Telling git your name
---------------------
Before creating any commits, you should introduce yourself to git. The
user-manual: fix .gitconfig editing examples Santi Béjar points out that when telling people how to "introduce themselves" to git we're advising them to replace their entire .gitconfig file. Fix that. Cc: "Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
easiest way to do so is to make sure the following lines appear in a
file named .gitconfig in your home directory:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
------------------------------------------------
[user]
name = Your Name Comes Here
email = you@yourdomain.example.com
------------------------------------------------
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
(See the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of linkgit:git-config[1] for
user-manual: add references to git-config man page Direct editing of config files may be more natural for users than using the git-config commandline; but we should still reference the git-config man page when we describe such editing, so people know where to go for details on the config file syntax and meanings of the variables. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
details on the configuration file.)
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[creating-a-new-repository]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Creating a new repository
-------------------------
Creating a new repository from scratch is very easy:
-------------------------------------------------
$ mkdir project
$ cd project
user-manual: replace init-db by init Replace mentions of init-db by mentions of init. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ git init
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
If you have some initial content (say, a tarball):
-------------------------------------------------
Be consistent in switch usage for tar tar handles switches with and witout preceding '-', but the documentation should be consistent nonetheless. Signed-off-by: Henrik Austad <henrik@austad.us> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
16 years ago
$ tar xzvf project.tar.gz
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ cd project
user-manual: replace init-db by init Replace mentions of init-db by mentions of init. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ git init
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ git add . # include everything below ./ in the first commit:
$ git commit
-------------------------------------------------
[[how-to-make-a-commit]]
usermanual.txt: some capitalization nits Signed-off-by: Arjen Laarhoven <arjen@yaph.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
How to make a commit
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
--------------------
Creating a new commit takes three steps:
1. Making some changes to the working directory using your
favorite editor.
2. Telling git about your changes.
3. Creating the commit using the content you told git about
in step 2.
In practice, you can interleave and repeat steps 1 and 2 as many
times as you want: in order to keep track of what you want committed
at step 3, git maintains a snapshot of the tree's contents in a
special staging area called "the index."
user manual: answer some comments from Junio Junio left a few comments in his previous patch; deal with each of them. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
At the beginning, the content of the index will be identical to
that of the HEAD. The command "git diff --cached", which shows
the difference between the HEAD and the index, should therefore
produce no output at that point.
User manual: fix typos in examples Correct command line examples of repo-config, format-patch and am. A full object name is 40-hexdigit; it may be 20-byte but 20-digit is misleading. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Modifying the index is easy:
To update the index with the new contents of a modified file, use
-------------------------------------------------
$ git add path/to/file
-------------------------------------------------
To add the contents of a new file to the index, use
-------------------------------------------------
$ git add path/to/file
-------------------------------------------------
User manual: fix typos in examples Correct command line examples of repo-config, format-patch and am. A full object name is 40-hexdigit; it may be 20-byte but 20-digit is misleading. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
To remove a file from the index and from the working tree,
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git rm path/to/file
-------------------------------------------------
After each step you can verify that
-------------------------------------------------
$ git diff --cached
-------------------------------------------------
always shows the difference between the HEAD and the index file--this
is what you'd commit if you created the commit now--and that
-------------------------------------------------
$ git diff
-------------------------------------------------
shows the difference between the working tree and the index file.
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
Note that "git-add" always adds just the current contents of a file
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
to the index; further changes to the same file will be ignored unless
you run git-add on the file again.
When you're ready, just run
-------------------------------------------------
$ git commit
-------------------------------------------------
and git will prompt you for a commit message and then create the new
Assorted typo fixes Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
commit. Check to make sure it looks like what you expected with
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git show
-------------------------------------------------
As a special shortcut,
War on whitespace This uses "git-apply --whitespace=strip" to fix whitespace errors that have crept in to our source files over time. There are a few files that need to have trailing whitespaces (most notably, test vectors). The results still passes the test, and build result in Documentation/ area is unchanged. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
18 years ago
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git commit -a
-------------------------------------------------
will update the index with any files that you've modified or removed
and create a commit, all in one step.
A number of commands are useful for keeping track of what you're
about to commit:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git diff --cached # difference between HEAD and the index; what
user-manual: fix typolets. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
18 years ago
# would be committed if you ran "commit" now.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ git diff # difference between the index file and your
# working directory; changes that would not
# be included if you ran "commit" now.
user-manual: miscellaneous editing I cherry-picked some additional miscellaneous fixes from those suggested by Santi Béjar, including fixes to: - correct discussion of repository/HEAD->repository shortcut - add mention of git-mergetool - add mention of --track - mention "-f" as well as "+" for fetch Cc: Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ git diff HEAD # difference between HEAD and working tree; what
# would be committed if you ran "commit -a" now.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ git status # a brief per-file summary of the above.
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
You can also use linkgit:git-gui[1] to create commits, view changes in
user-manual: mention git-gui The git gui project seems to be still in early stages, but at a point where it's worth mentioning as an alternative way of creating commits. One feature of interest is the ability to manipulate individual diff hunks. However, people have found that feature not to be easily discoverable from the user-interface. Pending some ui improvements, a parenthetical hint here may help. (Thanks to Steffen Prohask and Junio Hamano for suggesting the language.) Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
the index and the working tree files, and individually select diff hunks
for inclusion in the index (by right-clicking on the diff hunk and
choosing "Stage Hunk For Commit").
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[creating-good-commit-messages]]
usermanual.txt: some capitalization nits Signed-off-by: Arjen Laarhoven <arjen@yaph.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
Creating good commit messages
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-----------------------------
Though not required, it's a good idea to begin the commit message
with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the
change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough
description. Tools that turn commits into email, for example, use
the first line on the Subject line and the rest of the commit in the
body.
user-manual: Add section on ignoring files The todo list at the end of the user manual says that something must be said about .gitignore. Also, there seems to be a lack of documentation on how to choose between the various types of ignore files (.gitignore vs. .git/info/exclude, etc.). This patch adds a section on ignoring files which try to introduce how to tell git about ignored files, and how the different strategies complement eachother. The syntax of exclude patterns is explained in a simplified manner, with a reference to git-ls-files(1) which already contains a more thorough explanation. Signed-off-by: Johan Herland <johan@herland.net>
18 years ago
[[ignoring-files]]
Ignoring files
--------------
A project will often generate files that you do 'not' want to track with git.
This typically includes files generated by a build process or temporary
backup files made by your editor. Of course, 'not' tracking files with git
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
is just a matter of 'not' calling "`git-add`" on them. But it quickly becomes
user-manual: Add section on ignoring files The todo list at the end of the user manual says that something must be said about .gitignore. Also, there seems to be a lack of documentation on how to choose between the various types of ignore files (.gitignore vs. .git/info/exclude, etc.). This patch adds a section on ignoring files which try to introduce how to tell git about ignored files, and how the different strategies complement eachother. The syntax of exclude patterns is explained in a simplified manner, with a reference to git-ls-files(1) which already contains a more thorough explanation. Signed-off-by: Johan Herland <johan@herland.net>
18 years ago
annoying to have these untracked files lying around; e.g. they make
Documentation: user-manual: "git commit -a" doesn't motivate .gitignore "git commit -a" ignores untracked files and follows all tracked files, regardless of whether they are listed in .gitignore. So don't use it to motivate gitignore. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Acked-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@fieldses.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
"`git add .`" practically useless, and they keep showing up in the output of
"`git status`".
user-manual: Add section on ignoring files The todo list at the end of the user manual says that something must be said about .gitignore. Also, there seems to be a lack of documentation on how to choose between the various types of ignore files (.gitignore vs. .git/info/exclude, etc.). This patch adds a section on ignoring files which try to introduce how to tell git about ignored files, and how the different strategies complement eachother. The syntax of exclude patterns is explained in a simplified manner, with a reference to git-ls-files(1) which already contains a more thorough explanation. Signed-off-by: Johan Herland <johan@herland.net>
18 years ago
user-manual: edit "ignoring files" for conciseness The immediate motivation for writing this section was to explain the various places ignore patterns could be used. However, I still think .gitignore is the case most people will want to learn about first. It also makes it a bit more concrete to introduce ignore patterns in the context of .gitignore first. And the existance of gitignore(5) relieves the pressure to explain it all here. So, stick to the .gitignore example, with only a brief mention of the others, explain the syntax only by example, and leave the rest to gitignore(5). Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Cc: Johan Herland <johan@herland.net>
18 years ago
You can tell git to ignore certain files by creating a file called .gitignore
in the top level of your working directory, with contents such as:
user-manual: Add section on ignoring files The todo list at the end of the user manual says that something must be said about .gitignore. Also, there seems to be a lack of documentation on how to choose between the various types of ignore files (.gitignore vs. .git/info/exclude, etc.). This patch adds a section on ignoring files which try to introduce how to tell git about ignored files, and how the different strategies complement eachother. The syntax of exclude patterns is explained in a simplified manner, with a reference to git-ls-files(1) which already contains a more thorough explanation. Signed-off-by: Johan Herland <johan@herland.net>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
# Lines starting with '#' are considered comments.
user-manual: edit "ignoring files" for conciseness The immediate motivation for writing this section was to explain the various places ignore patterns could be used. However, I still think .gitignore is the case most people will want to learn about first. It also makes it a bit more concrete to introduce ignore patterns in the context of .gitignore first. And the existance of gitignore(5) relieves the pressure to explain it all here. So, stick to the .gitignore example, with only a brief mention of the others, explain the syntax only by example, and leave the rest to gitignore(5). Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Cc: Johan Herland <johan@herland.net>
18 years ago
# Ignore any file named foo.txt.
user-manual: Add section on ignoring files The todo list at the end of the user manual says that something must be said about .gitignore. Also, there seems to be a lack of documentation on how to choose between the various types of ignore files (.gitignore vs. .git/info/exclude, etc.). This patch adds a section on ignoring files which try to introduce how to tell git about ignored files, and how the different strategies complement eachother. The syntax of exclude patterns is explained in a simplified manner, with a reference to git-ls-files(1) which already contains a more thorough explanation. Signed-off-by: Johan Herland <johan@herland.net>
18 years ago
foo.txt
# Ignore (generated) html files,
*.html
# except foo.html which is maintained by hand.
!foo.html
# Ignore objects and archives.
*.[oa]
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
See linkgit:gitignore[5] for a detailed explanation of the syntax. You can
user-manual: edit "ignoring files" for conciseness The immediate motivation for writing this section was to explain the various places ignore patterns could be used. However, I still think .gitignore is the case most people will want to learn about first. It also makes it a bit more concrete to introduce ignore patterns in the context of .gitignore first. And the existance of gitignore(5) relieves the pressure to explain it all here. So, stick to the .gitignore example, with only a brief mention of the others, explain the syntax only by example, and leave the rest to gitignore(5). Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Cc: Johan Herland <johan@herland.net>
18 years ago
also place .gitignore files in other directories in your working tree, and they
will apply to those directories and their subdirectories. The `.gitignore`
files can be added to your repository like any other files (just run `git add
.gitignore` and `git commit`, as usual), which is convenient when the exclude
patterns (such as patterns matching build output files) would also make sense
for other users who clone your repository.
If you wish the exclude patterns to affect only certain repositories
(instead of every repository for a given project), you may instead put
them in a file in your repository named .git/info/exclude, or in any file
specified by the `core.excludesfile` configuration variable. Some git
commands can also take exclude patterns directly on the command line.
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
See linkgit:gitignore[5] for the details.
user-manual: Add section on ignoring files The todo list at the end of the user manual says that something must be said about .gitignore. Also, there seems to be a lack of documentation on how to choose between the various types of ignore files (.gitignore vs. .git/info/exclude, etc.). This patch adds a section on ignoring files which try to introduce how to tell git about ignored files, and how the different strategies complement eachother. The syntax of exclude patterns is explained in a simplified manner, with a reference to git-ls-files(1) which already contains a more thorough explanation. Signed-off-by: Johan Herland <johan@herland.net>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[how-to-merge]]
usermanual.txt: some capitalization nits Signed-off-by: Arjen Laarhoven <arjen@yaph.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
How to merge
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
------------
You can rejoin two diverging branches of development using
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:git-merge[1]:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git merge branchname
-------------------------------------------------
merges the development in the branch "branchname" into the current
branch. If there are conflicts--for example, if the same file is
modified in two different ways in the remote branch and the local
branch--then you are warned; the output may look something like this:
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: fix inconsistent use of pull and merge I used "git pull ." instead of "git merge" here without any explanation. Stick instead to "git merge" for now (the equivalent pull syntax is still covered in a later chapter). Cc: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ git merge next
100% (4/4) done
Auto-merged file.txt
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in file.txt
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
-------------------------------------------------
Conflict markers are left in the problematic files, and after
you resolve the conflicts manually, you can update the index
with the contents and run git commit, as you normally would when
creating a new file.
If you examine the resulting commit using gitk, you will see that it
has two parents, one pointing to the top of the current branch, and
one to the top of the other branch.
[[resolving-a-merge]]
Resolving a merge
-----------------
When a merge isn't resolved automatically, git leaves the index and
the working tree in a special state that gives you all the
information you need to help resolve the merge.
Files with conflicts are marked specially in the index, so until you
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
resolve the problem and update the index, linkgit:git-commit[1] will
user-manual: more detailed merge discussion Add more details on conflict, including brief discussion of file stages. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
fail:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git commit
file.txt: needs merge
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
Also, linkgit:git-status[1] will list those files as "unmerged", and the
user-manual: more detailed merge discussion Add more details on conflict, including brief discussion of file stages. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
files with conflicts will have conflict markers added, like this:
-------------------------------------------------
<<<<<<< HEAD:file.txt
Hello world
=======
Goodbye
>>>>>>> 77976da35a11db4580b80ae27e8d65caf5208086:file.txt
-------------------------------------------------
All you need to do is edit the files to resolve the conflicts, and then
-------------------------------------------------
$ git add file.txt
$ git commit
-------------------------------------------------
Note that the commit message will already be filled in for you with
some information about the merge. Normally you can just use this
default message unchanged, but you may add additional commentary of
your own if desired.
The above is all you need to know to resolve a simple merge. But git
also provides more information to help resolve conflicts:
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[conflict-resolution]]
user-manual: more detailed merge discussion Add more details on conflict, including brief discussion of file stages. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
All of the changes that git was able to merge automatically are
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
already added to the index file, so linkgit:git-diff[1] shows only
user-manual: more detailed merge discussion Add more details on conflict, including brief discussion of file stages. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
the conflicts. It uses an unusual syntax:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git diff
diff --cc file.txt
index 802992c,2b60207..0000000
--- a/file.txt
+++ b/file.txt
@@@ -1,1 -1,1 +1,5 @@@
++<<<<<<< HEAD:file.txt
+Hello world
++=======
+ Goodbye
++>>>>>>> 77976da35a11db4580b80ae27e8d65caf5208086:file.txt
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: fix typolets. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
18 years ago
Recall that the commit which will be committed after we resolve this
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
conflict will have two parents instead of the usual one: one parent
will be HEAD, the tip of the current branch; the other will be the
tip of the other branch, which is stored temporarily in MERGE_HEAD.
user-manual: more detailed merge discussion Add more details on conflict, including brief discussion of file stages. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
During the merge, the index holds three versions of each file. Each of
these three "file stages" represents a different version of the file:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git show :1:file.txt # the file in a common ancestor of both branches
user-manual: describe how higher stages are set during a merge Higher stages store the blobs involved from their side verbatim. Removal of uninteresting hunks are done by "diff --cc" upon demand and not stored in the index. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
$ git show :2:file.txt # the version from HEAD.
$ git show :3:file.txt # the version from MERGE_HEAD.
user-manual: more detailed merge discussion Add more details on conflict, including brief discussion of file stages. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: describe how higher stages are set during a merge Higher stages store the blobs involved from their side verbatim. Removal of uninteresting hunks are done by "diff --cc" upon demand and not stored in the index. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
When you ask linkgit:git-diff[1] to show the conflicts, it runs a
three-way diff between the conflicted merge results in the work tree with
stages 2 and 3 to show only hunks whose contents come from both sides,
mixed (in other words, when a hunk's merge results come only from stage 2,
that part is not conflicting and is not shown. Same for stage 3).
user-manual: more detailed merge discussion Add more details on conflict, including brief discussion of file stages. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
The diff above shows the differences between the working-tree version of
file.txt and the stage 2 and stage 3 versions. So instead of preceding
each line by a single "+" or "-", it now uses two columns: the first
column is used for differences between the first parent and the working
directory copy, and the second for differences between the second parent
and the working directory copy. (See the "COMBINED DIFF FORMAT" section
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
of linkgit:git-diff-files[1] for a details of the format.)
user-manual: more detailed merge discussion Add more details on conflict, including brief discussion of file stages. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
After resolving the conflict in the obvious way (but before updating the
index), the diff will look like:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git diff
diff --cc file.txt
index 802992c,2b60207..0000000
--- a/file.txt
+++ b/file.txt
@@@ -1,1 -1,1 +1,1 @@@
- Hello world
-Goodbye
++Goodbye world
-------------------------------------------------
This shows that our resolved version deleted "Hello world" from the
first parent, deleted "Goodbye" from the second parent, and added
"Goodbye world", which was previously absent from both.
user-manual: more detailed merge discussion Add more details on conflict, including brief discussion of file stages. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
Some special diff options allow diffing the working directory against
any of these stages:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git diff -1 file.txt # diff against stage 1
$ git diff --base file.txt # same as the above
$ git diff -2 file.txt # diff against stage 2
$ git diff --ours file.txt # same as the above
$ git diff -3 file.txt # diff against stage 3
$ git diff --theirs file.txt # same as the above.
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: fix gitlinks Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
The linkgit:git-log[1] and linkgit:gitk[1] commands also provide special help
user-manual: more detailed merge discussion Add more details on conflict, including brief discussion of file stages. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
for merges:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git log --merge
user-manual: more detailed merge discussion Add more details on conflict, including brief discussion of file stages. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
$ gitk --merge
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: more detailed merge discussion Add more details on conflict, including brief discussion of file stages. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
These will display all commits which exist only on HEAD or on
MERGE_HEAD, and which touch an unmerged file.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
You may also use linkgit:git-mergetool[1], which lets you merge the
Use capitalized names where appropriate The Linux kernel and Emacs are both spelled capitalized Signed-off-by: Henrik Austad <henrik@austad.us> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
16 years ago
unmerged files using external tools such as Emacs or kdiff3.
user-manual: miscellaneous editing I cherry-picked some additional miscellaneous fixes from those suggested by Santi Béjar, including fixes to: - correct discussion of repository/HEAD->repository shortcut - add mention of git-mergetool - add mention of --track - mention "-f" as well as "+" for fetch Cc: Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: more detailed merge discussion Add more details on conflict, including brief discussion of file stages. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
Each time you resolve the conflicts in a file and update the index:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git add file.txt
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: more detailed merge discussion Add more details on conflict, including brief discussion of file stages. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
the different stages of that file will be "collapsed", after which
git-diff will (by default) no longer show diffs for that file.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[undoing-a-merge]]
usermanual.txt: some capitalization nits Signed-off-by: Arjen Laarhoven <arjen@yaph.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
Undoing a merge
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
---------------
If you get stuck and decide to just give up and throw the whole mess
away, you can always return to the pre-merge state with
-------------------------------------------------
$ git reset --hard HEAD
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: fix typolets. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
18 years ago
Or, if you've already committed the merge that you want to throw away,
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: reset to ORIG_HEAD not HEAD to undo merge As Linus pointed out recently on the mailing list, git reset --hard HEAD^ doesn't undo a merge in the case where the merge did a fast-forward. So the rcommendation here is a little dangerous. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
$ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
However, this last command can be dangerous in some cases--never
throw away a commit you have already committed if that commit may
itself have been merged into another branch, as doing so may confuse
further merges.
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[fast-forwards]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Fast-forward merges
-------------------
There is one special case not mentioned above, which is treated
differently. Normally, a merge results in a merge commit, with two
parents, one pointing at each of the two lines of development that
were merged.
user-manual: clean up fast-forward and dangling-objects sections The previous commit calls attention to the fact that we have two sections each devoted to fast-forwards and to dangling objects. Revise and attempt to differentiate them a bit. Some more reorganization may be required later.... Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields
18 years ago
However, if the current branch is a descendant of the other--so every
commit present in the one is already contained in the other--then git
just performs a "fast forward"; the head of the current branch is moved
forward to point at the head of the merged-in branch, without any new
commits being created.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[fixing-mistakes]]
Documentation: reorder development section, todo's Update todo's. Split out "sharing development" section into a separate chapter, reorder. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Fixing mistakes
---------------
If you've messed up the working tree, but haven't yet committed your
mistake, you can return the entire working tree to the last committed
state with
-------------------------------------------------
$ git reset --hard HEAD
-------------------------------------------------
If you make a commit that you later wish you hadn't, there are two
fundamentally different ways to fix the problem:
1. You can create a new commit that undoes whatever was done
user-manual: minor rewording for clarity. Junio screwed up when applying the previous round of the patch; rewording from "previous" to "old" does make the description clearer. Also revert the rewording from head to branch. The description is talking about the branch's tip commit and using the word head is clearer. Based on input from Sergei and Bruce. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
by the old commit. This is the correct thing if your
Documentation: reorder development section, todo's Update todo's. Split out "sharing development" section into a separate chapter, reorder. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
mistake has already been made public.
2. You can go back and modify the old commit. You should
never do this if you have already made the history public;
git does not normally expect the "history" of a project to
change, and cannot correctly perform repeated merges from
a branch that has had its history changed.
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[reverting-a-commit]]
Documentation: reorder development section, todo's Update todo's. Split out "sharing development" section into a separate chapter, reorder. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Fixing a mistake with a new commit
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Creating a new commit that reverts an earlier change is very easy;
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
just pass the linkgit:git-revert[1] command a reference to the bad
Documentation: reorder development section, todo's Update todo's. Split out "sharing development" section into a separate chapter, reorder. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
commit; for example, to revert the most recent commit:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git revert HEAD
-------------------------------------------------
This will create a new commit which undoes the change in HEAD. You
will be given a chance to edit the commit message for the new commit.
You can also revert an earlier change, for example, the next-to-last:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git revert HEAD^
-------------------------------------------------
In this case git will attempt to undo the old change while leaving
intact any changes made since then. If more recent changes overlap
with the changes to be reverted, then you will be asked to fix
conflicts manually, just as in the case of <<resolving-a-merge,
resolving a merge>>.
user-manual: clarify language about "modifying" old commits It's important to remember that git doesn't really allowing "editing" or "modifying" commits, only replacing them by new commits. Redo some of the language to make this clearer. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
17 years ago
[[fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history]]
Fixing a mistake by rewriting history
Documentation: reorder development section, todo's Update todo's. Split out "sharing development" section into a separate chapter, reorder. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If the problematic commit is the most recent commit, and you have not
yet made that commit public, then you may just
<<undoing-a-merge,destroy it using git-reset>>.
Alternatively, you
can edit the working directory and update the index to fix your
mistake, just as if you were going to <<how-to-make-a-commit,create a
new commit>>, then run
-------------------------------------------------
$ git commit --amend
-------------------------------------------------
which will replace the old commit by a new commit incorporating your
changes, giving you a chance to edit the old commit message first.
Again, you should never do this to a commit that may already have
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
been merged into another branch; use linkgit:git-revert[1] instead in
Documentation: reorder development section, todo's Update todo's. Split out "sharing development" section into a separate chapter, reorder. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
that case.
user-manual: clarify language about "modifying" old commits It's important to remember that git doesn't really allowing "editing" or "modifying" commits, only replacing them by new commits. Redo some of the language to make this clearer. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
17 years ago
It is also possible to replace commits further back in the history, but
Documentation: reorder development section, todo's Update todo's. Split out "sharing development" section into a separate chapter, reorder. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
this is an advanced topic to be left for
<<cleaning-up-history,another chapter>>.
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[checkout-of-path]]
Documentation: reorder development section, todo's Update todo's. Split out "sharing development" section into a separate chapter, reorder. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Checking out an old version of a file
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In the process of undoing a previous bad change, you may find it
useful to check out an older version of a particular file using
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:git-checkout[1]. We've used git-checkout before to switch
Documentation: reorder development section, todo's Update todo's. Split out "sharing development" section into a separate chapter, reorder. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
branches, but it has quite different behavior if it is given a path
name: the command
-------------------------------------------------
$ git checkout HEAD^ path/to/file
-------------------------------------------------
replaces path/to/file by the contents it had in the commit HEAD^, and
also updates the index to match. It does not change branches.
If you just want to look at an old version of the file, without
modifying the working directory, you can do that with
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:git-show[1]:
Documentation: reorder development section, todo's Update todo's. Split out "sharing development" section into a separate chapter, reorder. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: fix missing colon in git-show example There should be a colon in this git-show example. Cc: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ git show HEAD^:path/to/file
Documentation: reorder development section, todo's Update todo's. Split out "sharing development" section into a separate chapter, reorder. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
which will display the given version of the file.
user-manual: mention git stash Mention the git-stash command as a way to temporarily set aside work in progress. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[interrupted-work]]
Temporarily setting aside work in progress
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
While you are in the middle of working on something complicated, you
find an unrelated but obvious and trivial bug. You would like to fix it
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
before continuing. You can use linkgit:git-stash[1] to save the current
user-manual: mention git stash Mention the git-stash command as a way to temporarily set aside work in progress. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
state of your work, and after fixing the bug (or, optionally after doing
so on a different branch and then coming back), unstash the
work-in-progress changes.
------------------------------------------------
User-manual: "git stash <comment>" form is long gone These days you must explicitly say "git stash save <comment>". Signed-off-by: William Pursell <bill.pursell@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
16 years ago
$ git stash save "work in progress for foo feature"
user-manual: mention git stash Mention the git-stash command as a way to temporarily set aside work in progress. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
------------------------------------------------
This command will save your changes away to the `stash`, and
reset your working tree and the index to match the tip of your
current branch. Then you can make your fix as usual.
------------------------------------------------
... edit and test ...
$ git commit -a -m "blorpl: typofix"
------------------------------------------------
After that, you can go back to what you were working on with
`git stash apply`:
------------------------------------------------
$ git stash apply
------------------------------------------------
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[ensuring-good-performance]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Ensuring good performance
-------------------------
On large repositories, git depends on compression to keep the history
Fix some typos, punctuation, missing words, minor markup. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
information from taking up too much space on disk or in memory.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
This compression is not performed automatically. Therefore you
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
should occasionally run linkgit:git-gc[1]:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git gc
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: update git-gc discussion It appears git-gc will no longer prune automatically, so we don't need to tell people not to do other stuff while running it. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
to recompress the archive. This can be very time-consuming, so
you may prefer to run git-gc when you are not doing other work.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[ensuring-reliability]]
user-manual: stub discussion of fsck and reflog Have some sort of recovery/reliability section that deals with reflog and fsck. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Ensuring reliability
--------------------
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[checking-for-corruption]]
user-manual: stub discussion of fsck and reflog Have some sort of recovery/reliability section that deals with reflog and fsck. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Checking the repository for corruption
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
The linkgit:git-fsck[1] command runs a number of self-consistency checks
user-manual: rewrap a few long lines Rewrap some long lines. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
on the repository, and reports on any problems. This may take some
user-manual: git-fsck, dangling objects Initial import of fsck and dangling objects discussion, mostly lifted from an email from Linus. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
time. The most common warning by far is about "dangling" objects:
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: fsck-objects -> fsck There seems to be an agreement to rename fsck-objects to fsck. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ git fsck
user-manual: git-fsck, dangling objects Initial import of fsck and dangling objects discussion, mostly lifted from an email from Linus. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
dangling commit 7281251ddd2a61e38657c827739c57015671a6b3
dangling commit 2706a059f258c6b245f298dc4ff2ccd30ec21a63
dangling commit 13472b7c4b80851a1bc551779171dcb03655e9b5
dangling blob 218761f9d90712d37a9c5e36f406f92202db07eb
dangling commit bf093535a34a4d35731aa2bd90fe6b176302f14f
dangling commit 8e4bec7f2ddaa268bef999853c25755452100f8e
dangling tree d50bb86186bf27b681d25af89d3b5b68382e4085
dangling tree b24c2473f1fd3d91352a624795be026d64c8841f
...
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: clean up fast-forward and dangling-objects sections The previous commit calls attention to the fact that we have two sections each devoted to fast-forwards and to dangling objects. Revise and attempt to differentiate them a bit. Some more reorganization may be required later.... Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields
18 years ago
Dangling objects are not a problem. At worst they may take up a little
user-manual: grammar and style fixes - "method of" is vulgar, "method for" is nicer - "recovery" becomes "recovering" from Steve Hoelzer's original version of this patch - "if you want" is nicer as "if you wish" - "you may" should be "you can"; "you may" is "you have permission to" rather than "you can"'s "it is possible to" Signed-off-by: Andy Parkins <andyparkins@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
extra disk space. They can sometimes provide a last-resort method for
git-gc --prune is deprecated 25ee9731c137d0a24b0f4879eb0b0cce9b77d5b0 made the '--prune' option deprecated and removed its description from the git-gc man page. This patch removes all references to this option from the rest of the Git documentation. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
recovering lost work--see <<dangling-objects>> for details.
user-manual: recovering from corruption Some instructions on dealing with corruption of the object database. Most of this text is from an example by Linus, identified by Nicolas Pitre <nico@cam.org> with a little further editing by me. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[recovering-lost-changes]]
user-manual: stub discussion of fsck and reflog Have some sort of recovery/reliability section that deals with reflog and fsck. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Recovering lost changes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[reflogs]]
user-manual: reflogs, other recovery Add a brief discussion of reflogs. Also recovery of dangling commits seems to fit in here, so move some of the discussion out of Linus's email to here. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Reflogs
^^^^^^^
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
Say you modify a branch with `linkgit:git-reset[1] --hard`, and then
user-manual: reflogs, other recovery Add a brief discussion of reflogs. Also recovery of dangling commits seems to fit in here, so move some of the discussion out of Linus's email to here. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
realize that the branch was the only reference you had to that point in
history.
Fortunately, git also keeps a log, called a "reflog", of all the
previous values of each branch. So in this case you can still find the
War on whitespace This uses "git-apply --whitespace=strip" to fix whitespace errors that have crept in to our source files over time. There are a few files that need to have trailing whitespaces (most notably, test vectors). The results still passes the test, and build result in Documentation/ area is unchanged. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
18 years ago
old history using, for example,
user-manual: reflogs, other recovery Add a brief discussion of reflogs. Also recovery of dangling commits seems to fit in here, so move some of the discussion out of Linus's email to here. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git log master@{1}
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual.txt: minor clarification. Signed-off-by: Sergei Organov <osv@javad.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
This lists the commits reachable from the previous version of the
"master" branch head. This syntax can be used with any git command
that accepts a commit, not just with git log. Some other examples:
user-manual: reflogs, other recovery Add a brief discussion of reflogs. Also recovery of dangling commits seems to fit in here, so move some of the discussion out of Linus's email to here. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git show master@{2} # See where the branch pointed 2,
$ git show master@{3} # 3, ... changes ago.
$ gitk master@{yesterday} # See where it pointed yesterday,
$ gitk master@{"1 week ago"} # ... or last week
user-manual: more discussion of detached heads, fix typos Nicolas Pitre pointed out a couple typos and some room for improvement in the discussion of detached heads. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Cc: Nicolas Pitre <nico@cam.org>
18 years ago
$ git log --walk-reflogs master # show reflog entries for master
-------------------------------------------------
A separate reflog is kept for the HEAD, so
-------------------------------------------------
$ git show HEAD@{"1 week ago"}
user-manual: reflogs, other recovery Add a brief discussion of reflogs. Also recovery of dangling commits seems to fit in here, so move some of the discussion out of Linus's email to here. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: more discussion of detached heads, fix typos Nicolas Pitre pointed out a couple typos and some room for improvement in the discussion of detached heads. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Cc: Nicolas Pitre <nico@cam.org>
18 years ago
will show what HEAD pointed to one week ago, not what the current branch
pointed to one week ago. This allows you to see the history of what
you've checked out.
user-manual: reflogs, other recovery Add a brief discussion of reflogs. Also recovery of dangling commits seems to fit in here, so move some of the discussion out of Linus's email to here. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
The reflogs are kept by default for 30 days, after which they may be
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
pruned. See linkgit:git-reflog[1] and linkgit:git-gc[1] to learn
user-manual: reflogs, other recovery Add a brief discussion of reflogs. Also recovery of dangling commits seems to fit in here, so move some of the discussion out of Linus's email to here. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
how to control this pruning, and see the "SPECIFYING REVISIONS"
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
section of linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] for details.
user-manual: reflogs, other recovery Add a brief discussion of reflogs. Also recovery of dangling commits seems to fit in here, so move some of the discussion out of Linus's email to here. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Note that the reflog history is very different from normal git history.
While normal history is shared by every repository that works on the
same project, the reflog history is not shared: it tells you only about
how the branches in your local repository have changed over time.
user-manual: clean up fast-forward and dangling-objects sections The previous commit calls attention to the fact that we have two sections each devoted to fast-forwards and to dangling objects. Revise and attempt to differentiate them a bit. Some more reorganization may be required later.... Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields
18 years ago
[[dangling-object-recovery]]
user-manual: reflogs, other recovery Add a brief discussion of reflogs. Also recovery of dangling commits seems to fit in here, so move some of the discussion out of Linus's email to here. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Examining dangling objects
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
user-manual: clean up fast-forward and dangling-objects sections The previous commit calls attention to the fact that we have two sections each devoted to fast-forwards and to dangling objects. Revise and attempt to differentiate them a bit. Some more reorganization may be required later.... Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields
18 years ago
In some situations the reflog may not be able to save you. For example,
suppose you delete a branch, then realize you need the history it
contained. The reflog is also deleted; however, if you have not yet
pruned the repository, then you may still be able to find the lost
commits in the dangling objects that git-fsck reports. See
<<dangling-objects>> for the details.
user-manual: reflogs, other recovery Add a brief discussion of reflogs. Also recovery of dangling commits seems to fit in here, so move some of the discussion out of Linus's email to here. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git fsck
dangling commit 7281251ddd2a61e38657c827739c57015671a6b3
dangling commit 2706a059f258c6b245f298dc4ff2ccd30ec21a63
dangling commit 13472b7c4b80851a1bc551779171dcb03655e9b5
...
-------------------------------------------------
Fix some documentation typos and grammar Also suggest user manual mention .gitignore. Signed-off-by: Michael Coleman <tutufan@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
You can examine
user-manual: reflogs, other recovery Add a brief discussion of reflogs. Also recovery of dangling commits seems to fit in here, so move some of the discussion out of Linus's email to here. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
one of those dangling commits with, for example,
------------------------------------------------
$ gitk 7281251ddd --not --all
------------------------------------------------
which does what it sounds like: it says that you want to see the commit
history that is described by the dangling commit(s), but not the
history that is described by all your existing branches and tags. Thus
you get exactly the history reachable from that commit that is lost.
(And notice that it might not be just one commit: we only report the
"tip of the line" as being dangling, but there might be a whole deep
Fix minor typos/grammar in user-manual.txt Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
and complex commit history that was dropped.)
user-manual: reflogs, other recovery Add a brief discussion of reflogs. Also recovery of dangling commits seems to fit in here, so move some of the discussion out of Linus's email to here. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
If you decide you want the history back, you can always create a new
reference pointing to it, for example, a new branch:
------------------------------------------------
War on whitespace This uses "git-apply --whitespace=strip" to fix whitespace errors that have crept in to our source files over time. There are a few files that need to have trailing whitespaces (most notably, test vectors). The results still passes the test, and build result in Documentation/ area is unchanged. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
18 years ago
$ git branch recovered-branch 7281251ddd
user-manual: reflogs, other recovery Add a brief discussion of reflogs. Also recovery of dangling commits seems to fit in here, so move some of the discussion out of Linus's email to here. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
------------------------------------------------
user-manual: clean up fast-forward and dangling-objects sections The previous commit calls attention to the fact that we have two sections each devoted to fast-forwards and to dangling objects. Revise and attempt to differentiate them a bit. Some more reorganization may be required later.... Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields
18 years ago
Other types of dangling objects (blobs and trees) are also possible, and
dangling objects can arise in other situations.
user-manual: stub discussion of fsck and reflog Have some sort of recovery/reliability section that deals with reflog and fsck. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[sharing-development]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Sharing development with others
Documentation: reorder development section, todo's Update todo's. Split out "sharing development" section into a separate chapter, reorder. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
===============================
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
work around Python warnings from AsciiDoc It appears that a reference to an anchor defined as [[anchor-name]] from another place using <<anchor-name>> syntax, when the anchor name contains a string "-with-" in its name, triggers these warnings from Python interpreter. asciidoc -b docbook -d book user-manual.txt <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 There currently is no reference to "Finding comments with given content", but for consistency and for futureproofing, the anchor is also updated as the other ones that are actually used and trigger these warnings. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junio@pobox.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
16 years ago
[[getting-updates-With-git-pull]]
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
Getting updates with git-pull
Documentation: reorder development section, todo's Update todo's. Split out "sharing development" section into a separate chapter, reorder. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-----------------------------
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
After you clone a repository and make a few changes of your own, you
may wish to check the original repository for updates and merge them
into your own work.
work around Python warnings from AsciiDoc It appears that a reference to an anchor defined as [[anchor-name]] from another place using <<anchor-name>> syntax, when the anchor name contains a string "-with-" in its name, triggers these warnings from Python interpreter. asciidoc -b docbook -d book user-manual.txt <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 There currently is no reference to "Finding comments with given content", but for consistency and for futureproofing, the anchor is also updated as the other ones that are actually used and trigger these warnings. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junio@pobox.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
16 years ago
We have already seen <<Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch,how to
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
keep remote tracking branches up to date>> with linkgit:git-fetch[1],
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
and how to merge two branches. So you can merge in changes from the
original repository's master branch with:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git fetch
$ git merge origin/master
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
However, the linkgit:git-pull[1] command provides a way to do this in
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
one step:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git pull origin master
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: update for new default --track behavior Update documentation to reflect the --track default. That change seems to have happened in the 1.5.3 -rc's, so bump the "for version x.y.z or newer" warning as well. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
In fact, if you have "master" checked out, then by default "git pull"
merges from the HEAD branch of the origin repository. So often you can
accomplish the above with just a simple
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git pull
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: update for new default --track behavior Update documentation to reflect the --track default. That change seems to have happened in the 1.5.3 -rc's, so bump the "for version x.y.z or newer" warning as well. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
More generally, a branch that is created from a remote branch will pull
by default from that branch. See the descriptions of the
branch.<name>.remote and branch.<name>.merge options in
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:git-config[1], and the discussion of the `--track` option in
linkgit:git-checkout[1], to learn how to control these defaults.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
In addition to saving you keystrokes, "git pull" also helps you by
producing a default commit message documenting the branch and
repository that you pulled from.
(But note that no such commit will be created in the case of a
<<fast-forwards,fast forward>>; instead, your branch will just be
Fix minor typos/grammar in user-manual.txt Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
updated to point to the latest commit from the upstream branch.)
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: rewrap a few long lines Rewrap some long lines. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
The git-pull command can also be given "." as the "remote" repository,
in which case it just merges in a branch from the current repository; so
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
the commands
-------------------------------------------------
$ git pull . branch
$ git merge branch
-------------------------------------------------
are roughly equivalent. The former is actually very commonly used.
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[submitting-patches]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Submitting patches to a project
Documentation: reorder development section, todo's Update todo's. Split out "sharing development" section into a separate chapter, reorder. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
If you just have a few changes, the simplest way to submit them may
just be to send them as patches in email:
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
First, use linkgit:git-format-patch[1]; for example:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
User manual: fix typos in examples Correct command line examples of repo-config, format-patch and am. A full object name is 40-hexdigit; it may be 20-byte but 20-digit is misleading. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
$ git format-patch origin
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
will produce a numbered series of files in the current directory, one
for each patch in the current branch but not in origin/HEAD.
You can then import these into your mail client and send them by
hand. However, if you have a lot to send at once, you may prefer to
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
use the linkgit:git-send-email[1] script to automate the process.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Consult the mailing list for your project first to determine how they
prefer such patches be handled.
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[importing-patches]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Importing patches to a project
Documentation: reorder development section, todo's Update todo's. Split out "sharing development" section into a separate chapter, reorder. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
------------------------------
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
Git also provides a tool called linkgit:git-am[1] (am stands for
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
"apply mailbox"), for importing such an emailed series of patches.
Just save all of the patch-containing messages, in order, into a
single mailbox file, say "patches.mbox", then run
-------------------------------------------------
User manual: fix typos in examples Correct command line examples of repo-config, format-patch and am. A full object name is 40-hexdigit; it may be 20-byte but 20-digit is misleading. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
$ git am -3 patches.mbox
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
Git will apply each patch in order; if any conflicts are found, it
will stop, and you can fix the conflicts as described in
user manual: answer some comments from Junio Junio left a few comments in his previous patch; deal with each of them. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
"<<resolving-a-merge,Resolving a merge>>". (The "-3" option tells
git to perform a merge; if you would prefer it just to abort and
leave your tree and index untouched, you may omit that option.)
Once the index is updated with the results of the conflict
resolution, instead of creating a new commit, just run
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git am --resolved
-------------------------------------------------
and git will create the commit for you and continue applying the
remaining patches from the mailbox.
The final result will be a series of commits, one for each patch in
the original mailbox, with authorship and commit log message each
taken from the message containing each patch.
user-manual: reorganize public git repo discussion Helping a couple people set up public repos recently, I wanted to point them at this piece of the user manual, but found it wasn't as helpful as it could be: - It starts with a big explanation of why you'd want a public repository, not necessary in their case since they already knew why they wanted that. So, separate that out. - It skimps on some of the git-daemon details, and puts the http export information first. Fix that. Also group all the public repo subsections into a single section, and do some miscellaneous related editing. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[public-repositories]]
Public git repositories
-----------------------
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Documentation/user-manual.txt: fix a few omissions of gitlink commands. Signed-off-by: David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
18 years ago
Another way to submit changes to a project is to tell the maintainer
of that project to pull the changes from your repository using
work around Python warnings from AsciiDoc It appears that a reference to an anchor defined as [[anchor-name]] from another place using <<anchor-name>> syntax, when the anchor name contains a string "-with-" in its name, triggers these warnings from Python interpreter. asciidoc -b docbook -d book user-manual.txt <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 There currently is no reference to "Finding comments with given content", but for consistency and for futureproofing, the anchor is also updated as the other ones that are actually used and trigger these warnings. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junio@pobox.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
16 years ago
linkgit:git-pull[1]. In the section "<<getting-updates-With-git-pull,
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
Getting updates with git-pull>>" we described this as a way to get
Documentation/user-manual.txt: fix a few omissions of gitlink commands. Signed-off-by: David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
18 years ago
updates from the "main" repository, but it works just as well in the
other direction.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: reorganize public git repo discussion Helping a couple people set up public repos recently, I wanted to point them at this piece of the user manual, but found it wasn't as helpful as it could be: - It starts with a big explanation of why you'd want a public repository, not necessary in their case since they already knew why they wanted that. So, separate that out. - It skimps on some of the git-daemon details, and puts the http export information first. Fix that. Also group all the public repo subsections into a single section, and do some miscellaneous related editing. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
If you and the maintainer both have accounts on the same machine, then
you can just pull changes from each other's repositories directly;
user-manual: more explanation of push and pull usage Recently a user on the mailing list complained that they'd read the manual but couldn't figure out how to keep a couple private repositories in sync. They'd tried using push, and were surprised by the effect. Add a little text in an attempt to make it clear that: - Pushing to a branch that is checked out will have odd results. - It's OK to synchronize just using pull if that's simpler. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
commands that accept repository URLs as arguments will also accept a
user-manual: reorganize public git repo discussion Helping a couple people set up public repos recently, I wanted to point them at this piece of the user manual, but found it wasn't as helpful as it could be: - It starts with a big explanation of why you'd want a public repository, not necessary in their case since they already knew why they wanted that. So, separate that out. - It skimps on some of the git-daemon details, and puts the http export information first. Fix that. Also group all the public repo subsections into a single section, and do some miscellaneous related editing. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
local directory name:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git clone /path/to/repository
$ git pull /path/to/other/repository
-------------------------------------------------
manual: use 'URL' instead of 'url'. Just for consistency, use the spelling URL everywhere. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
or an ssh URL:
user-manual: more explanation of push and pull usage Recently a user on the mailing list complained that they'd read the manual but couldn't figure out how to keep a couple private repositories in sync. They'd tried using push, and were surprised by the effect. Add a little text in an attempt to make it clear that: - Pushing to a branch that is checked out will have odd results. - It's OK to synchronize just using pull if that's simpler. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git clone ssh://yourhost/~you/repository
-------------------------------------------------
For projects with few developers, or for synchronizing a few private
repositories, this may be all you need.
user-manual: reorganize public git repo discussion Helping a couple people set up public repos recently, I wanted to point them at this piece of the user manual, but found it wasn't as helpful as it could be: - It starts with a big explanation of why you'd want a public repository, not necessary in their case since they already knew why they wanted that. So, separate that out. - It skimps on some of the git-daemon details, and puts the http export information first. Fix that. Also group all the public repo subsections into a single section, and do some miscellaneous related editing. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
However, the more common way to do this is to maintain a separate public
repository (usually on a different host) for others to pull changes
from. This is usually more convenient, and allows you to cleanly
separate private work in progress from publicly visible work.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
You will continue to do your day-to-day work in your personal
repository, but periodically "push" changes from your personal
repository into your public repository, allowing other developers to
pull from that repository. So the flow of changes, in a situation
where there is one other developer with a public repository, looks
like this:
you push
your personal repo ------------------> your public repo
War on whitespace This uses "git-apply --whitespace=strip" to fix whitespace errors that have crept in to our source files over time. There are a few files that need to have trailing whitespaces (most notably, test vectors). The results still passes the test, and build result in Documentation/ area is unchanged. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
18 years ago
^ |
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
| |
| you pull | they pull
| |
| |
| they push V
their public repo <------------------- their repo
user-manual: more explanation of push and pull usage Recently a user on the mailing list complained that they'd read the manual but couldn't figure out how to keep a couple private repositories in sync. They'd tried using push, and were surprised by the effect. Add a little text in an attempt to make it clear that: - Pushing to a branch that is checked out will have odd results. - It's OK to synchronize just using pull if that's simpler. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
We explain how to do this in the following sections.
user-manual: reorganize public git repo discussion Helping a couple people set up public repos recently, I wanted to point them at this piece of the user manual, but found it wasn't as helpful as it could be: - It starts with a big explanation of why you'd want a public repository, not necessary in their case since they already knew why they wanted that. So, separate that out. - It skimps on some of the git-daemon details, and puts the http export information first. Fix that. Also group all the public repo subsections into a single section, and do some miscellaneous related editing. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[setting-up-a-public-repository]]
Setting up a public repository
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Assume your personal repository is in the directory ~/proj. We
first create a new clone of the repository and tell git-daemon that it
is meant to be public:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: fix clone and fetch typos More typo fixes from Santi Béjar, plus a couple other mistakes I noticed along the way. Cc: Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
$ git clone --bare ~/proj proj.git
user-manual: reorganize public git repo discussion Helping a couple people set up public repos recently, I wanted to point them at this piece of the user manual, but found it wasn't as helpful as it could be: - It starts with a big explanation of why you'd want a public repository, not necessary in their case since they already knew why they wanted that. So, separate that out. - It skimps on some of the git-daemon details, and puts the http export information first. Fix that. Also group all the public repo subsections into a single section, and do some miscellaneous related editing. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ touch proj.git/git-daemon-export-ok
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: fix clone and fetch typos More typo fixes from Santi Béjar, plus a couple other mistakes I noticed along the way. Cc: Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
The resulting directory proj.git contains a "bare" git repository--it is
user-manual: reorganize public git repo discussion Helping a couple people set up public repos recently, I wanted to point them at this piece of the user manual, but found it wasn't as helpful as it could be: - It starts with a big explanation of why you'd want a public repository, not necessary in their case since they already knew why they wanted that. So, separate that out. - It skimps on some of the git-daemon details, and puts the http export information first. Fix that. Also group all the public repo subsections into a single section, and do some miscellaneous related editing. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
just the contents of the ".git" directory, without any files checked out
around it.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: miscellaneous editing I cherry-picked some additional miscellaneous fixes from those suggested by Santi Béjar, including fixes to: - correct discussion of repository/HEAD->repository shortcut - add mention of git-mergetool - add mention of --track - mention "-f" as well as "+" for fetch Cc: Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Next, copy proj.git to the server where you plan to host the
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
public repository. You can use scp, rsync, or whatever is most
convenient.
user-manual: reorganize public git repo discussion Helping a couple people set up public repos recently, I wanted to point them at this piece of the user manual, but found it wasn't as helpful as it could be: - It starts with a big explanation of why you'd want a public repository, not necessary in their case since they already knew why they wanted that. So, separate that out. - It skimps on some of the git-daemon details, and puts the http export information first. Fix that. Also group all the public repo subsections into a single section, and do some miscellaneous related editing. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[exporting-via-git]]
Exporting a git repository via the git protocol
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This is the preferred method.
If someone else administers the server, they should tell you what
manual: use 'URL' instead of 'url'. Just for consistency, use the spelling URL everywhere. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
directory to put the repository in, and what git:// URL it will appear
user-manual: reorganize public git repo discussion Helping a couple people set up public repos recently, I wanted to point them at this piece of the user manual, but found it wasn't as helpful as it could be: - It starts with a big explanation of why you'd want a public repository, not necessary in their case since they already knew why they wanted that. So, separate that out. - It skimps on some of the git-daemon details, and puts the http export information first. Fix that. Also group all the public repo subsections into a single section, and do some miscellaneous related editing. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
at. You can then skip to the section
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
"<<pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository,Pushing changes to a public
repository>>", below.
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
Otherwise, all you need to do is start linkgit:git-daemon[1]; it will
user-manual: reorganize public git repo discussion Helping a couple people set up public repos recently, I wanted to point them at this piece of the user manual, but found it wasn't as helpful as it could be: - It starts with a big explanation of why you'd want a public repository, not necessary in their case since they already knew why they wanted that. So, separate that out. - It skimps on some of the git-daemon details, and puts the http export information first. Fix that. Also group all the public repo subsections into a single section, and do some miscellaneous related editing. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
listen on port 9418. By default, it will allow access to any directory
that looks like a git directory and contains the magic file
git-daemon-export-ok. Passing some directory paths as git-daemon
arguments will further restrict the exports to those paths.
You can also run git-daemon as an inetd service; see the
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:git-daemon[1] man page for details. (See especially the
user-manual: reorganize public git repo discussion Helping a couple people set up public repos recently, I wanted to point them at this piece of the user manual, but found it wasn't as helpful as it could be: - It starts with a big explanation of why you'd want a public repository, not necessary in their case since they already knew why they wanted that. So, separate that out. - It skimps on some of the git-daemon details, and puts the http export information first. Fix that. Also group all the public repo subsections into a single section, and do some miscellaneous related editing. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
examples section.)
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[exporting-via-http]]
Exporting a git repository via http
user-manual: reorganize public git repo discussion Helping a couple people set up public repos recently, I wanted to point them at this piece of the user manual, but found it wasn't as helpful as it could be: - It starts with a big explanation of why you'd want a public repository, not necessary in their case since they already knew why they wanted that. So, separate that out. - It skimps on some of the git-daemon details, and puts the http export information first. Fix that. Also group all the public repo subsections into a single section, and do some miscellaneous related editing. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
The git protocol gives better performance and reliability, but on a
host with a web server set up, http exports may be simpler to set up.
All you need to do is place the newly created bare git repository in
a directory that is exported by the web server, and make some
adjustments to give web clients some extra information they need:
-------------------------------------------------
$ mv proj.git /home/you/public_html/proj.git
$ cd proj.git
user-manual: miscellaneous editing I cherry-picked some additional miscellaneous fixes from those suggested by Santi Béjar, including fixes to: - correct discussion of repository/HEAD->repository shortcut - add mention of git-mergetool - add mention of --track - mention "-f" as well as "+" for fetch Cc: Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ git --bare update-server-info
Adjust for the new way of enabling the default post-update hook The post-update hook, which is required to be enabled in order for the repository to be accessible over HTTP, is not enabled by chmod a+x anymore, but instead by dropping the .sample suffix. This patch emphasizes this change in the release notes (since I believe this is rather noticeable backwards-incompatible change). It also adjusts the documentation which still described the old way and fixes t/t5540-http-push.sh, which was broken for 1.5 month but apparently noone ever runs this test. Signed-off-by: Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
$ mv hooks/post-update.sample hooks/post-update
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
(For an explanation of the last two lines, see
Documentation: fix links to tutorials and other new manual pages With the conversion of HTML documentation to man pages tutorial.html -> gittutorial (7) tutorial-2.html -> gittutorial-2 (7) cvs-migration.html -> gitcvs-migration (7) diffcore.html -> gitdiffcore (7) repository-layout.html -> gitrepository-layout (5) hooks.html -> githooks (5) glossary.html -> gitglossary (7) core-tutorial.html -> gitcore-tutorial (7) and the automatic update of references to these pages, a little debris was left behind. We clear it away. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:git-update-server-info[1] and linkgit:githooks[5].)
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
manual: use 'URL' instead of 'url'. Just for consistency, use the spelling URL everywhere. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
Advertise the URL of proj.git. Anybody else should then be able to
clone or pull from that URL, for example with a command line like:
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git clone http://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git
-------------------------------------------------
(See also
link:howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt[setup-git-server-over-http]
for a slightly more sophisticated setup using WebDAV which also
allows pushing over http.)
[[pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository]]
Pushing changes to a public repository
user-manual: reorganize public git repo discussion Helping a couple people set up public repos recently, I wanted to point them at this piece of the user manual, but found it wasn't as helpful as it could be: - It starts with a big explanation of why you'd want a public repository, not necessary in their case since they already knew why they wanted that. So, separate that out. - It skimps on some of the git-daemon details, and puts the http export information first. Fix that. Also group all the public repo subsections into a single section, and do some miscellaneous related editing. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: reorganize public git repo discussion Helping a couple people set up public repos recently, I wanted to point them at this piece of the user manual, but found it wasn't as helpful as it could be: - It starts with a big explanation of why you'd want a public repository, not necessary in their case since they already knew why they wanted that. So, separate that out. - It skimps on some of the git-daemon details, and puts the http export information first. Fix that. Also group all the public repo subsections into a single section, and do some miscellaneous related editing. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Note that the two techniques outlined above (exporting via
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
<<exporting-via-http,http>> or <<exporting-via-git,git>>) allow other
maintainers to fetch your latest changes, but they do not allow write
access, which you will need to update the public repository with the
latest changes created in your private repository.
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
The simplest way to do this is using linkgit:git-push[1] and ssh; to
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
update the remote branch named "master" with the latest state of your
branch named "master", run
-------------------------------------------------
$ git push ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git master:master
-------------------------------------------------
or just
-------------------------------------------------
$ git push ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git master
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: failed push to public repository More details on the case of a failed push to a public (non-shared) repository. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
17 years ago
As with git-fetch, git-push will complain if this does not result in a
<<fast-forwards,fast forward>>; see the following section for details on
handling this case.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: more explanation of push and pull usage Recently a user on the mailing list complained that they'd read the manual but couldn't figure out how to keep a couple private repositories in sync. They'd tried using push, and were surprised by the effect. Add a little text in an attempt to make it clear that: - Pushing to a branch that is checked out will have odd results. - It's OK to synchronize just using pull if that's simpler. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Note that the target of a "push" is normally a
<<def_bare_repository,bare>> repository. You can also push to a
repository that has a checked-out working tree, but the working tree
will not be updated by the push. This may lead to unexpected results if
the branch you push to is the currently checked-out branch!
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
As with git-fetch, you may also set up configuration options to
save typing; so, for example, after
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: miscellaneous editing I cherry-picked some additional miscellaneous fixes from those suggested by Santi Béjar, including fixes to: - correct discussion of repository/HEAD->repository shortcut - add mention of git-mergetool - add mention of --track - mention "-f" as well as "+" for fetch Cc: Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ cat >>.git/config <<EOF
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[remote "public-repo"]
url = ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git
EOF
-------------------------------------------------
you should be able to perform the above push with just
-------------------------------------------------
$ git push public-repo master
-------------------------------------------------
See the explanations of the remote.<name>.url, branch.<name>.remote,
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
and remote.<name>.push options in linkgit:git-config[1] for
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
details.
user-manual: failed push to public repository More details on the case of a failed push to a public (non-shared) repository. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
17 years ago
[[forcing-push]]
What to do when a push fails
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If a push would not result in a <<fast-forwards,fast forward>> of the
remote branch, then it will fail with an error like:
-------------------------------------------------
error: remote 'refs/heads/master' is not an ancestor of
local 'refs/heads/master'.
Maybe you are not up-to-date and need to pull first?
error: failed to push to 'ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git'
-------------------------------------------------
This can happen, for example, if you:
Documentation: more "git-" versus "git " changes With git-commands moving out of $(bindir), it is useful to make a clearer distinction between the git subcommand 'git-whatever' and the command you type, `git whatever <options>`. So we use a dash after "git" when referring to the former and not the latter. I already sent a patch doing this same thing, but I missed some spots. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
- use `git-reset --hard` to remove already-published commits, or
- use `git-commit --amend` to replace already-published commits
user-manual: clarify language about "modifying" old commits It's important to remember that git doesn't really allowing "editing" or "modifying" commits, only replacing them by new commits. Redo some of the language to make this clearer. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
17 years ago
(as in <<fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history>>), or
Documentation: more "git-" versus "git " changes With git-commands moving out of $(bindir), it is useful to make a clearer distinction between the git subcommand 'git-whatever' and the command you type, `git whatever <options>`. So we use a dash after "git" when referring to the former and not the latter. I already sent a patch doing this same thing, but I missed some spots. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
- use `git-rebase` to rebase any already-published commits (as
user-manual: failed push to public repository More details on the case of a failed push to a public (non-shared) repository. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
17 years ago
in <<using-git-rebase>>).
You may force git-push to perform the update anyway by preceding the
branch name with a plus sign:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git push ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git +master
-------------------------------------------------
Normally whenever a branch head in a public repository is modified, it
Fix spelling mistakes in user manual Signed-off-by: Shawn Bohrer <shawn.bohrer@gmail.com> Acked-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
is modified to point to a descendant of the commit that it pointed to
user-manual: failed push to public repository More details on the case of a failed push to a public (non-shared) repository. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
17 years ago
before. By forcing a push in this situation, you break that convention.
work around Python warnings from AsciiDoc It appears that a reference to an anchor defined as [[anchor-name]] from another place using <<anchor-name>> syntax, when the anchor name contains a string "-with-" in its name, triggers these warnings from Python interpreter. asciidoc -b docbook -d book user-manual.txt <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 There currently is no reference to "Finding comments with given content", but for consistency and for futureproofing, the anchor is also updated as the other ones that are actually used and trigger these warnings. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junio@pobox.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
16 years ago
(See <<problems-With-rewriting-history>>.)
user-manual: failed push to public repository More details on the case of a failed push to a public (non-shared) repository. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
17 years ago
Nevertheless, this is a common practice for people that need a simple
way to publish a work-in-progress patch series, and it is an acceptable
compromise as long as you warn other developers that this is how you
intend to manage the branch.
It's also possible for a push to fail in this way when other people have
the right to push to the same repository. In that case, the correct
user-manual: typo and grammar fixes Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
solution is to retry the push after first updating your work: either by a
pull, or by a fetch followed by a rebase; see the
user-manual: failed push to public repository More details on the case of a failed push to a public (non-shared) repository. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
17 years ago
<<setting-up-a-shared-repository,next section>> and
Documentation: fix links to tutorials and other new manual pages With the conversion of HTML documentation to man pages tutorial.html -> gittutorial (7) tutorial-2.html -> gittutorial-2 (7) cvs-migration.html -> gitcvs-migration (7) diffcore.html -> gitdiffcore (7) repository-layout.html -> gitrepository-layout (5) hooks.html -> githooks (5) glossary.html -> gitglossary (7) core-tutorial.html -> gitcore-tutorial (7) and the automatic update of references to these pages, a little debris was left behind. We clear it away. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] for more.
user-manual: failed push to public repository More details on the case of a failed push to a public (non-shared) repository. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
17 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[setting-up-a-shared-repository]]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Setting up a shared repository
user-manual: reorganize public git repo discussion Helping a couple people set up public repos recently, I wanted to point them at this piece of the user manual, but found it wasn't as helpful as it could be: - It starts with a big explanation of why you'd want a public repository, not necessary in their case since they already knew why they wanted that. So, separate that out. - It skimps on some of the git-daemon details, and puts the http export information first. Fix that. Also group all the public repo subsections into a single section, and do some miscellaneous related editing. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Another way to collaborate is by using a model similar to that
commonly used in CVS, where several developers with special rights
all push to and pull from a single shared repository. See
Documentation: fix links to tutorials and other new manual pages With the conversion of HTML documentation to man pages tutorial.html -> gittutorial (7) tutorial-2.html -> gittutorial-2 (7) cvs-migration.html -> gitcvs-migration (7) diffcore.html -> gitdiffcore (7) repository-layout.html -> gitrepository-layout (5) hooks.html -> githooks (5) glossary.html -> gitglossary (7) core-tutorial.html -> gitcore-tutorial (7) and the automatic update of references to these pages, a little debris was left behind. We clear it away. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] for instructions on how to
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
set this up.
user-manual: discourage shared repository I don't really want to look like we're encouraging the shared repository thing. Take down some of the argument for using purely single-developer-owned repositories and collaborating using patches and pulls instead. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
However, while there is nothing wrong with git's support for shared
repositories, this mode of operation is not generally recommended,
simply because the mode of collaboration that git supports--by
exchanging patches and pulling from public repositories--has so many
advantages over the central shared repository:
- Git's ability to quickly import and merge patches allows a
single maintainer to process incoming changes even at very
high rates. And when that becomes too much, git-pull provides
an easy way for that maintainer to delegate this job to other
maintainers while still allowing optional review of incoming
changes.
- Since every developer's repository has the same complete copy
of the project history, no repository is special, and it is
trivial for another developer to take over maintenance of a
project, either by mutual agreement, or because a maintainer
becomes unresponsive or difficult to work with.
- The lack of a central group of "committers" means there is
less need for formal decisions about who is "in" and who is
"out".
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[setting-up-gitweb]]
user-manual: reorganize public git repo discussion Helping a couple people set up public repos recently, I wanted to point them at this piece of the user manual, but found it wasn't as helpful as it could be: - It starts with a big explanation of why you'd want a public repository, not necessary in their case since they already knew why they wanted that. So, separate that out. - It skimps on some of the git-daemon details, and puts the http export information first. Fix that. Also group all the public repo subsections into a single section, and do some miscellaneous related editing. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Allowing web browsing of a repository
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: point to README for gitweb information I'd like complete gitweb setup instructions some day, but for now just refer to the gitweb README. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
The gitweb cgi script provides users an easy way to browse your
project's files and history without having to install git; see the file
Documentation: A few minor fixes to Git User's Manual Mainly consistent usage of "git command" and not "git-command" syntax Signed-off-by: Jakub Narebski <jnareb@gmail.com> Acked-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
gitweb/INSTALL in the git source tree for instructions on setting it up.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[sharing-development-examples]]
Documentation: reorder development section, todo's Update todo's. Split out "sharing development" section into a separate chapter, reorder. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Examples
--------
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: move howto/using-topic-branches into manual Move howto/using-topic-branches into the user manual as an example for the "sharing development" chapter. While we're at it, remove some discussion that's covered in earlier chapters, modernize somewhat (use separate-heads setup, remotes, replace "whatchanged" by "log", etc.), and replace syntax we'd need to explain by syntax we've already covered (e.g. old..new instead of new ^old). The result may not really describe what Tony Luck does any more.... Hope that's not annoying. Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[maintaining-topic-branches]]
Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This describes how Tony Luck uses git in his role as maintainer of the
IA64 architecture for the Linux kernel.
He uses two public branches:
- A "test" tree into which patches are initially placed so that they
can get some exposure when integrated with other ongoing development.
This tree is available to Andrew for pulling into -mm whenever he
wants.
- A "release" tree into which tested patches are moved for final sanity
checking, and as a vehicle to send them upstream to Linus (by sending
him a "please pull" request.)
He also uses a set of temporary branches ("topic branches"), each
containing a logical grouping of patches.
To set this up, first create your work tree by cloning Linus's public
tree:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git work
$ cd work
-------------------------------------------------
Linus's tree will be stored in the remote branch named origin/master,
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
and can be updated using linkgit:git-fetch[1]; you can track other
public trees using linkgit:git-remote[1] to set up a "remote" and
linkgit:git-fetch[1] to keep them up-to-date; see
Documentation/user-manual.txt: fix a few omissions of gitlink commands. Signed-off-by: David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
18 years ago
<<repositories-and-branches>>.
user-manual: move howto/using-topic-branches into manual Move howto/using-topic-branches into the user manual as an example for the "sharing development" chapter. While we're at it, remove some discussion that's covered in earlier chapters, modernize somewhat (use separate-heads setup, remotes, replace "whatchanged" by "log", etc.), and replace syntax we'd need to explain by syntax we've already covered (e.g. old..new instead of new ^old). The result may not really describe what Tony Luck does any more.... Hope that's not annoying. Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Now create the branches in which you are going to work; these start out
at the current tip of origin/master branch, and should be set up (using
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
the --track option to linkgit:git-branch[1]) to merge changes in from
user-manual: move howto/using-topic-branches into manual Move howto/using-topic-branches into the user manual as an example for the "sharing development" chapter. While we're at it, remove some discussion that's covered in earlier chapters, modernize somewhat (use separate-heads setup, remotes, replace "whatchanged" by "log", etc.), and replace syntax we'd need to explain by syntax we've already covered (e.g. old..new instead of new ^old). The result may not really describe what Tony Luck does any more.... Hope that's not annoying. Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Linus by default.
-------------------------------------------------
$ git branch --track test origin/master
$ git branch --track release origin/master
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
These can be easily kept up to date using linkgit:git-pull[1].
user-manual: move howto/using-topic-branches into manual Move howto/using-topic-branches into the user manual as an example for the "sharing development" chapter. While we're at it, remove some discussion that's covered in earlier chapters, modernize somewhat (use separate-heads setup, remotes, replace "whatchanged" by "log", etc.), and replace syntax we'd need to explain by syntax we've already covered (e.g. old..new instead of new ^old). The result may not really describe what Tony Luck does any more.... Hope that's not annoying. Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git checkout test && git pull
$ git checkout release && git pull
-------------------------------------------------
Important note! If you have any local changes in these branches, then
this merge will create a commit object in the history (with no local
changes git will simply do a "Fast forward" merge). Many people dislike
the "noise" that this creates in the Linux history, so you should avoid
doing this capriciously in the "release" branch, as these noisy commits
will become part of the permanent history when you ask Linus to pull
from the release branch.
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
A few configuration variables (see linkgit:git-config[1]) can
user-manual: move howto/using-topic-branches into manual Move howto/using-topic-branches into the user manual as an example for the "sharing development" chapter. While we're at it, remove some discussion that's covered in earlier chapters, modernize somewhat (use separate-heads setup, remotes, replace "whatchanged" by "log", etc.), and replace syntax we'd need to explain by syntax we've already covered (e.g. old..new instead of new ^old). The result may not really describe what Tony Luck does any more.... Hope that's not annoying. Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
make it easy to push both branches to your public tree. (See
<<setting-up-a-public-repository>>.)
-------------------------------------------------
$ cat >> .git/config <<EOF
[remote "mytree"]
url = master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/aegl/linux-2.6.git
push = release
push = test
EOF
-------------------------------------------------
Then you can push both the test and release trees using
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:git-push[1]:
user-manual: move howto/using-topic-branches into manual Move howto/using-topic-branches into the user manual as an example for the "sharing development" chapter. While we're at it, remove some discussion that's covered in earlier chapters, modernize somewhat (use separate-heads setup, remotes, replace "whatchanged" by "log", etc.), and replace syntax we'd need to explain by syntax we've already covered (e.g. old..new instead of new ^old). The result may not really describe what Tony Luck does any more.... Hope that's not annoying. Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git push mytree
-------------------------------------------------
or push just one of the test and release branches using:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git push mytree test
-------------------------------------------------
or
-------------------------------------------------
$ git push mytree release
-------------------------------------------------
Now to apply some patches from the community. Think of a short
snappy name for a branch to hold this patch (or related group of
patches), and create a new branch from the current tip of Linus's
branch:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git checkout -b speed-up-spinlocks origin
-------------------------------------------------
Now you apply the patch(es), run some tests, and commit the change(s). If
the patch is a multi-part series, then you should apply each as a separate
commit to this branch.
-------------------------------------------------
$ ... patch ... test ... commit [ ... patch ... test ... commit ]*
-------------------------------------------------
When you are happy with the state of this change, you can pull it into the
"test" branch in preparation to make it public:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git checkout test && git pull . speed-up-spinlocks
-------------------------------------------------
It is unlikely that you would have any conflicts here ... but you might if you
spent a while on this step and had also pulled new versions from upstream.
Some time later when enough time has passed and testing done, you can pull the
same branch into the "release" tree ready to go upstream. This is where you
see the value of keeping each patch (or patch series) in its own branch. It
means that the patches can be moved into the "release" tree in any order.
-------------------------------------------------
$ git checkout release && git pull . speed-up-spinlocks
-------------------------------------------------
After a while, you will have a number of branches, and despite the
well chosen names you picked for each of them, you may forget what
they are for, or what status they are in. To get a reminder of what
changes are in a specific branch, use:
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: more "git-" versus "git " changes With git-commands moving out of $(bindir), it is useful to make a clearer distinction between the git subcommand 'git-whatever' and the command you type, `git whatever <options>`. So we use a dash after "git" when referring to the former and not the latter. I already sent a patch doing this same thing, but I missed some spots. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
$ git log linux..branchname | git shortlog
user-manual: move howto/using-topic-branches into manual Move howto/using-topic-branches into the user manual as an example for the "sharing development" chapter. While we're at it, remove some discussion that's covered in earlier chapters, modernize somewhat (use separate-heads setup, remotes, replace "whatchanged" by "log", etc.), and replace syntax we'd need to explain by syntax we've already covered (e.g. old..new instead of new ^old). The result may not really describe what Tony Luck does any more.... Hope that's not annoying. Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
Fix some typos, punctuation, missing words, minor markup. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
To see whether it has already been merged into the test or release branches,
user-manual: move howto/using-topic-branches into manual Move howto/using-topic-branches into the user manual as an example for the "sharing development" chapter. While we're at it, remove some discussion that's covered in earlier chapters, modernize somewhat (use separate-heads setup, remotes, replace "whatchanged" by "log", etc.), and replace syntax we'd need to explain by syntax we've already covered (e.g. old..new instead of new ^old). The result may not really describe what Tony Luck does any more.... Hope that's not annoying. Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
use:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git log test..branchname
-------------------------------------------------
or
-------------------------------------------------
$ git log release..branchname
-------------------------------------------------
Fix some typos, punctuation, missing words, minor markup. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
(If this branch has not yet been merged, you will see some log entries.
user-manual: move howto/using-topic-branches into manual Move howto/using-topic-branches into the user manual as an example for the "sharing development" chapter. While we're at it, remove some discussion that's covered in earlier chapters, modernize somewhat (use separate-heads setup, remotes, replace "whatchanged" by "log", etc.), and replace syntax we'd need to explain by syntax we've already covered (e.g. old..new instead of new ^old). The result may not really describe what Tony Luck does any more.... Hope that's not annoying. Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
If it has been merged, then there will be no output.)
Once a patch completes the great cycle (moving from test to release,
then pulled by Linus, and finally coming back into your local
Fix some typos, punctuation, missing words, minor markup. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
"origin/master" branch), the branch for this change is no longer needed.
user-manual: move howto/using-topic-branches into manual Move howto/using-topic-branches into the user manual as an example for the "sharing development" chapter. While we're at it, remove some discussion that's covered in earlier chapters, modernize somewhat (use separate-heads setup, remotes, replace "whatchanged" by "log", etc.), and replace syntax we'd need to explain by syntax we've already covered (e.g. old..new instead of new ^old). The result may not really describe what Tony Luck does any more.... Hope that's not annoying. Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
You detect this when the output from:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git log origin..branchname
-------------------------------------------------
is empty. At this point the branch can be deleted:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git branch -d branchname
-------------------------------------------------
Some changes are so trivial that it is not necessary to create a separate
branch and then merge into each of the test and release branches. For
these changes, just apply directly to the "release" branch, and then
merge that into the "test" branch.
To create diffstat and shortlog summaries of changes to include in a "please
pull" request to Linus you can use:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git diff --stat origin..release
-------------------------------------------------
and
-------------------------------------------------
$ git log -p origin..release | git shortlog
-------------------------------------------------
Here are some of the scripts that simplify all this even further.
-------------------------------------------------
==== update script ====
# Update a branch in my GIT tree. If the branch to be updated
# is origin, then pull from kernel.org. Otherwise merge
# origin/master branch into test|release branch
case "$1" in
test|release)
git checkout $1 && git pull . origin
;;
origin)
user-manual: don't assume refs are stored under .git/refs The scripts taken from Tony Luck's howto assume all refs can be found under .git/refs, but this is not necessarily true, especially since git-gc runs git-pack-refs. Also add a note warning of this in the chapter that introduces refs, and fix the same incorrect assumption in one other spot. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
before=$(git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/master)
user-manual: move howto/using-topic-branches into manual Move howto/using-topic-branches into the user manual as an example for the "sharing development" chapter. While we're at it, remove some discussion that's covered in earlier chapters, modernize somewhat (use separate-heads setup, remotes, replace "whatchanged" by "log", etc.), and replace syntax we'd need to explain by syntax we've already covered (e.g. old..new instead of new ^old). The result may not really describe what Tony Luck does any more.... Hope that's not annoying. Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
git fetch origin
user-manual: don't assume refs are stored under .git/refs The scripts taken from Tony Luck's howto assume all refs can be found under .git/refs, but this is not necessarily true, especially since git-gc runs git-pack-refs. Also add a note warning of this in the chapter that introduces refs, and fix the same incorrect assumption in one other spot. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
after=$(git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/master)
user-manual: move howto/using-topic-branches into manual Move howto/using-topic-branches into the user manual as an example for the "sharing development" chapter. While we're at it, remove some discussion that's covered in earlier chapters, modernize somewhat (use separate-heads setup, remotes, replace "whatchanged" by "log", etc.), and replace syntax we'd need to explain by syntax we've already covered (e.g. old..new instead of new ^old). The result may not really describe what Tony Luck does any more.... Hope that's not annoying. Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
if [ $before != $after ]
then
git log $before..$after | git shortlog
fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 origin|test|release" 1>&2
exit 1
;;
esac
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
==== merge script ====
# Merge a branch into either the test or release branch
pname=$0
usage()
{
echo "Usage: $pname branch test|release" 1>&2
exit 1
}
user-manual: don't assume refs are stored under .git/refs The scripts taken from Tony Luck's howto assume all refs can be found under .git/refs, but this is not necessarily true, especially since git-gc runs git-pack-refs. Also add a note warning of this in the chapter that introduces refs, and fix the same incorrect assumption in one other spot. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
git show-ref -q --verify -- refs/heads/"$1" || {
user-manual: move howto/using-topic-branches into manual Move howto/using-topic-branches into the user manual as an example for the "sharing development" chapter. While we're at it, remove some discussion that's covered in earlier chapters, modernize somewhat (use separate-heads setup, remotes, replace "whatchanged" by "log", etc.), and replace syntax we'd need to explain by syntax we've already covered (e.g. old..new instead of new ^old). The result may not really describe what Tony Luck does any more.... Hope that's not annoying. Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
echo "Can't see branch <$1>" 1>&2
usage
user-manual: don't assume refs are stored under .git/refs The scripts taken from Tony Luck's howto assume all refs can be found under .git/refs, but this is not necessarily true, especially since git-gc runs git-pack-refs. Also add a note warning of this in the chapter that introduces refs, and fix the same incorrect assumption in one other spot. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
}
user-manual: move howto/using-topic-branches into manual Move howto/using-topic-branches into the user manual as an example for the "sharing development" chapter. While we're at it, remove some discussion that's covered in earlier chapters, modernize somewhat (use separate-heads setup, remotes, replace "whatchanged" by "log", etc.), and replace syntax we'd need to explain by syntax we've already covered (e.g. old..new instead of new ^old). The result may not really describe what Tony Luck does any more.... Hope that's not annoying. Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
case "$2" in
test|release)
if [ $(git log $2..$1 | wc -c) -eq 0 ]
then
echo $1 already merged into $2 1>&2
exit 1
fi
git checkout $2 && git pull . $1
;;
*)
usage
;;
esac
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
==== status script ====
# report on status of my ia64 GIT tree
gb=$(tput setab 2)
rb=$(tput setab 1)
restore=$(tput setab 9)
if [ `git rev-list test..release | wc -c` -gt 0 ]
then
echo $rb Warning: commits in release that are not in test $restore
git log test..release
fi
user-manual: don't assume refs are stored under .git/refs The scripts taken from Tony Luck's howto assume all refs can be found under .git/refs, but this is not necessarily true, especially since git-gc runs git-pack-refs. Also add a note warning of this in the chapter that introduces refs, and fix the same incorrect assumption in one other spot. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
for branch in `git show-ref --heads | sed 's|^.*/||'`
user-manual: move howto/using-topic-branches into manual Move howto/using-topic-branches into the user manual as an example for the "sharing development" chapter. While we're at it, remove some discussion that's covered in earlier chapters, modernize somewhat (use separate-heads setup, remotes, replace "whatchanged" by "log", etc.), and replace syntax we'd need to explain by syntax we've already covered (e.g. old..new instead of new ^old). The result may not really describe what Tony Luck does any more.... Hope that's not annoying. Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
do
if [ $branch = test -o $branch = release ]
then
continue
fi
echo -n $gb ======= $branch ====== $restore " "
status=
for ref in test release origin/master
do
if [ `git rev-list $ref..$branch | wc -c` -gt 0 ]
then
status=$status${ref:0:1}
fi
done
case $status in
trl)
echo $rb Need to pull into test $restore
;;
rl)
echo "In test"
;;
l)
echo "Waiting for linus"
;;
"")
echo $rb All done $restore
;;
*)
echo $rb "<$status>" $restore
;;
esac
git log origin/master..$branch | git shortlog
done
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[cleaning-up-history]]
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Rewriting history and maintaining patch series
==============================================
Normally commits are only added to a project, never taken away or
replaced. Git is designed with this assumption, and violating it will
cause git's merge machinery (for example) to do the wrong thing.
However, there is a situation in which it can be useful to violate this
assumption.
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[patch-series]]
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Creating the perfect patch series
---------------------------------
Suppose you are a contributor to a large project, and you want to add a
complicated feature, and to present it to the other developers in a way
that makes it easy for them to read your changes, verify that they are
correct, and understand why you made each change.
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
If you present all of your changes as a single patch (or commit), they
Fix minor typos/grammar in user-manual.txt Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
may find that it is too much to digest all at once.
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
If you present them with the entire history of your work, complete with
mistakes, corrections, and dead ends, they may be overwhelmed.
So the ideal is usually to produce a series of patches such that:
1. Each patch can be applied in order.
2. Each patch includes a single logical change, together with a
message explaining the change.
3. No patch introduces a regression: after applying any initial
part of the series, the resulting project still compiles and
works, and has no bugs that it didn't have before.
4. The complete series produces the same end result as your own
(probably much messier!) development process did.
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
We will introduce some tools that can help you do this, explain how to
use them, and then explain some of the problems that can arise because
you are rewriting history.
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[using-git-rebase]]
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Keeping a patch series up to date using git-rebase
--------------------------------------------------
Fix minor typos/grammar in user-manual.txt Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
Suppose that you create a branch "mywork" on a remote-tracking branch
"origin", and create some commits on top of it:
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git checkout -b mywork origin
$ vi file.txt
$ git commit
$ vi otherfile.txt
$ git commit
...
-------------------------------------------------
You have performed no merges into mywork, so it is just a simple linear
sequence of patches on top of "origin":
user-manual: fix rendering of history diagrams Asciidoc appears to interpret a backslash at the end of a line as escaping the end-of-line character, which screws up the display of history diagrams like o--o--o \ o--... The obvious fix (replacing "\" by "\\") doesn't work. The only workaround I've found is to include all such diagrams in a LiteralBlock. Asciidoc claims that should be equivalent to a literal paragraph, so I don't understand why the difference--perhaps it's an asciidoc bug. Cc: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
................................................
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
o--o--o <-- origin
\
o--o--o <-- mywork
user-manual: fix rendering of history diagrams Asciidoc appears to interpret a backslash at the end of a line as escaping the end-of-line character, which screws up the display of history diagrams like o--o--o \ o--... The obvious fix (replacing "\" by "\\") doesn't work. The only workaround I've found is to include all such diagrams in a LiteralBlock. Asciidoc claims that should be equivalent to a literal paragraph, so I don't understand why the difference--perhaps it's an asciidoc bug. Cc: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
................................................
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Some more interesting work has been done in the upstream project, and
"origin" has advanced:
user-manual: fix rendering of history diagrams Asciidoc appears to interpret a backslash at the end of a line as escaping the end-of-line character, which screws up the display of history diagrams like o--o--o \ o--... The obvious fix (replacing "\" by "\\") doesn't work. The only workaround I've found is to include all such diagrams in a LiteralBlock. Asciidoc claims that should be equivalent to a literal paragraph, so I don't understand why the difference--perhaps it's an asciidoc bug. Cc: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
................................................
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
o--o--O--o--o--o <-- origin
\
a--b--c <-- mywork
user-manual: fix rendering of history diagrams Asciidoc appears to interpret a backslash at the end of a line as escaping the end-of-line character, which screws up the display of history diagrams like o--o--o \ o--... The obvious fix (replacing "\" by "\\") doesn't work. The only workaround I've found is to include all such diagrams in a LiteralBlock. Asciidoc claims that should be equivalent to a literal paragraph, so I don't understand why the difference--perhaps it's an asciidoc bug. Cc: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
................................................
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
At this point, you could use "pull" to merge your changes back in;
the result would create a new merge commit, like this:
user-manual: fix rendering of history diagrams Asciidoc appears to interpret a backslash at the end of a line as escaping the end-of-line character, which screws up the display of history diagrams like o--o--o \ o--... The obvious fix (replacing "\" by "\\") doesn't work. The only workaround I've found is to include all such diagrams in a LiteralBlock. Asciidoc claims that should be equivalent to a literal paragraph, so I don't understand why the difference--perhaps it's an asciidoc bug. Cc: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
................................................
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
o--o--O--o--o--o <-- origin
\ \
a--b--c--m <-- mywork
user-manual: fix rendering of history diagrams Asciidoc appears to interpret a backslash at the end of a line as escaping the end-of-line character, which screws up the display of history diagrams like o--o--o \ o--... The obvious fix (replacing "\" by "\\") doesn't work. The only workaround I've found is to include all such diagrams in a LiteralBlock. Asciidoc claims that should be equivalent to a literal paragraph, so I don't understand why the difference--perhaps it's an asciidoc bug. Cc: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
................................................
War on whitespace This uses "git-apply --whitespace=strip" to fix whitespace errors that have crept in to our source files over time. There are a few files that need to have trailing whitespaces (most notably, test vectors). The results still passes the test, and build result in Documentation/ area is unchanged. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
18 years ago
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
However, if you prefer to keep the history in mywork a simple series of
commits without any merges, you may instead choose to use
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:git-rebase[1]:
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git checkout mywork
$ git rebase origin
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
This will remove each of your commits from mywork, temporarily saving
Rename .git/rebase to .git/rebase-apply With git-am, it sounds awkward to have the patches in ".git/rebase/", but for technical reasons, we have to keep the same directory name for git-am and git-rebase. ".git/rebase-apply" seems to be a good compromise. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
them as patches (in a directory named ".git/rebase-apply"), update mywork to
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
point at the latest version of origin, then apply each of the saved
patches to the new mywork. The result will look like:
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: fix rendering of history diagrams Asciidoc appears to interpret a backslash at the end of a line as escaping the end-of-line character, which screws up the display of history diagrams like o--o--o \ o--... The obvious fix (replacing "\" by "\\") doesn't work. The only workaround I've found is to include all such diagrams in a LiteralBlock. Asciidoc claims that should be equivalent to a literal paragraph, so I don't understand why the difference--perhaps it's an asciidoc bug. Cc: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
................................................
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
o--o--O--o--o--o <-- origin
\
a'--b'--c' <-- mywork
user-manual: fix rendering of history diagrams Asciidoc appears to interpret a backslash at the end of a line as escaping the end-of-line character, which screws up the display of history diagrams like o--o--o \ o--... The obvious fix (replacing "\" by "\\") doesn't work. The only workaround I've found is to include all such diagrams in a LiteralBlock. Asciidoc claims that should be equivalent to a literal paragraph, so I don't understand why the difference--perhaps it's an asciidoc bug. Cc: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
................................................
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
In the process, it may discover conflicts. In that case it will stop
Documentation: more "git-" versus "git " changes With git-commands moving out of $(bindir), it is useful to make a clearer distinction between the git subcommand 'git-whatever' and the command you type, `git whatever <options>`. So we use a dash after "git" when referring to the former and not the latter. I already sent a patch doing this same thing, but I missed some spots. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
and allow you to fix the conflicts; after fixing conflicts, use "git-add"
Documentation: rewrap to prepare for "git-" vs "git " change Rewrap lines in preparation for added dashes. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
to update the index with those contents, and then, instead of
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
running git-commit, just run
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git rebase --continue
-------------------------------------------------
and git will continue applying the rest of the patches.
manual: add some markup. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
At any point you may use the `--abort` option to abort this process and
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
return mywork to the state it had before you started the rebase:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git rebase --abort
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: clarify language about "modifying" old commits It's important to remember that git doesn't really allowing "editing" or "modifying" commits, only replacing them by new commits. Redo some of the language to make this clearer. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
17 years ago
[[rewriting-one-commit]]
Rewriting a single commit
user-manual: how to replace commits older than most recent "Modifying" an old commit by checking it out, --amend'ing it, then rebasing on top of it, is a slightly cumbersome technique, but I've found it useful frequently enough to make it seem worth documenting. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
-------------------------
user-manual: clarify language about "modifying" old commits It's important to remember that git doesn't really allowing "editing" or "modifying" commits, only replacing them by new commits. Redo some of the language to make this clearer. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
17 years ago
We saw in <<fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history>> that you can replace the
user-manual: how to replace commits older than most recent "Modifying" an old commit by checking it out, --amend'ing it, then rebasing on top of it, is a slightly cumbersome technique, but I've found it useful frequently enough to make it seem worth documenting. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
most recent commit using
-------------------------------------------------
$ git commit --amend
-------------------------------------------------
which will replace the old commit by a new commit incorporating your
changes, giving you a chance to edit the old commit message first.
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
You can also use a combination of this and linkgit:git-rebase[1] to
user-manual: clarify language about "modifying" old commits It's important to remember that git doesn't really allowing "editing" or "modifying" commits, only replacing them by new commits. Redo some of the language to make this clearer. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
17 years ago
replace a commit further back in your history and recreate the
intervening changes on top of it. First, tag the problematic commit
with
user-manual: how to replace commits older than most recent "Modifying" an old commit by checking it out, --amend'ing it, then rebasing on top of it, is a slightly cumbersome technique, but I've found it useful frequently enough to make it seem worth documenting. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git tag bad mywork~5
-------------------------------------------------
(Either gitk or git-log may be useful for finding the commit.)
user-manual: use detached head when rewriting history This is slightly simpler if we use a detached head. And it's probably good to have another example that uses this feature. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
Then check out that commit, edit it, and rebase the rest of the series
on top of it (note that we could check out the commit on a temporary
branch, but instead we're using a <<detached-head,detached head>>):
user-manual: how to replace commits older than most recent "Modifying" an old commit by checking it out, --amend'ing it, then rebasing on top of it, is a slightly cumbersome technique, but I've found it useful frequently enough to make it seem worth documenting. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: use detached head when rewriting history This is slightly simpler if we use a detached head. And it's probably good to have another example that uses this feature. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
$ git checkout bad
user-manual: how to replace commits older than most recent "Modifying" an old commit by checking it out, --amend'ing it, then rebasing on top of it, is a slightly cumbersome technique, but I've found it useful frequently enough to make it seem worth documenting. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
$ # make changes here and update the index
$ git commit --amend
user-manual: use detached head when rewriting history This is slightly simpler if we use a detached head. And it's probably good to have another example that uses this feature. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
$ git rebase --onto HEAD bad mywork
user-manual: how to replace commits older than most recent "Modifying" an old commit by checking it out, --amend'ing it, then rebasing on top of it, is a slightly cumbersome technique, but I've found it useful frequently enough to make it seem worth documenting. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: use detached head when rewriting history This is slightly simpler if we use a detached head. And it's probably good to have another example that uses this feature. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
When you're done, you'll be left with mywork checked out, with the top
patches on mywork reapplied on top of your modified commit. You can
user-manual: how to replace commits older than most recent "Modifying" an old commit by checking it out, --amend'ing it, then rebasing on top of it, is a slightly cumbersome technique, but I've found it useful frequently enough to make it seem worth documenting. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
then clean up with
-------------------------------------------------
$ git tag -d bad
-------------------------------------------------
Note that the immutable nature of git history means that you haven't really
"modified" existing commits; instead, you have replaced the old commits with
new commits having new object names.
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[reordering-patch-series]]
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Reordering or selecting from a patch series
-------------------------------------------
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
Given one existing commit, the linkgit:git-cherry-pick[1] command
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
allows you to apply the change introduced by that commit and create a
new commit that records it. So, for example, if "mywork" points to a
series of patches on top of "origin", you might do something like:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git checkout -b mywork-new origin
$ gitk origin..mywork &
-------------------------------------------------
Fix some typos, punctuation, missing words, minor markup. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
and browse through the list of patches in the mywork branch using gitk,
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
applying them (possibly in a different order) to mywork-new using
manual: add some markup. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
cherry-pick, and possibly modifying them as you go using `commit --amend`.
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
The linkgit:git-gui[1] command may also help as it allows you to
Documentation/user-manual.txt: fix a few omissions of gitlink commands. Signed-off-by: David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
18 years ago
individually select diff hunks for inclusion in the index (by
right-clicking on the diff hunk and choosing "Stage Hunk for Commit").
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Another technique is to use git-format-patch to create a series of
patches, then reset the state to before the patches:
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git format-patch origin
$ git reset --hard origin
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Then modify, reorder, or eliminate patches as preferred before applying
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
them again with linkgit:git-am[1].
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[patch-series-tools]]
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Other tools
-----------
Documentation: Correct various misspellings and typos. Fix minor typos throughout the documentation. Signed-off-by: Brian Hetro <whee@smaertness.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
18 years ago
There are numerous other tools, such as StGIT, which exist for the
Fix minor typos/grammar in user-manual.txt Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
purpose of maintaining a patch series. These are outside of the scope of
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
this manual.
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
work around Python warnings from AsciiDoc It appears that a reference to an anchor defined as [[anchor-name]] from another place using <<anchor-name>> syntax, when the anchor name contains a string "-with-" in its name, triggers these warnings from Python interpreter. asciidoc -b docbook -d book user-manual.txt <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 <string>:1: Warning: 'with' will become a reserved keyword in Python 2.6 There currently is no reference to "Finding comments with given content", but for consistency and for futureproofing, the anchor is also updated as the other ones that are actually used and trigger these warnings. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junio@pobox.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
16 years ago
[[problems-With-rewriting-history]]
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Problems with rewriting history
-------------------------------
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
The primary problem with rewriting the history of a branch has to do
with merging. Suppose somebody fetches your branch and merges it into
their branch, with a result something like this:
user-manual: fix rendering of history diagrams Asciidoc appears to interpret a backslash at the end of a line as escaping the end-of-line character, which screws up the display of history diagrams like o--o--o \ o--... The obvious fix (replacing "\" by "\\") doesn't work. The only workaround I've found is to include all such diagrams in a LiteralBlock. Asciidoc claims that should be equivalent to a literal paragraph, so I don't understand why the difference--perhaps it's an asciidoc bug. Cc: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
................................................
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
o--o--O--o--o--o <-- origin
\ \
t--t--t--m <-- their branch:
user-manual: fix rendering of history diagrams Asciidoc appears to interpret a backslash at the end of a line as escaping the end-of-line character, which screws up the display of history diagrams like o--o--o \ o--... The obvious fix (replacing "\" by "\\") doesn't work. The only workaround I've found is to include all such diagrams in a LiteralBlock. Asciidoc claims that should be equivalent to a literal paragraph, so I don't understand why the difference--perhaps it's an asciidoc bug. Cc: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
................................................
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Then suppose you modify the last three commits:
user-manual: fix rendering of history diagrams Asciidoc appears to interpret a backslash at the end of a line as escaping the end-of-line character, which screws up the display of history diagrams like o--o--o \ o--... The obvious fix (replacing "\" by "\\") doesn't work. The only workaround I've found is to include all such diagrams in a LiteralBlock. Asciidoc claims that should be equivalent to a literal paragraph, so I don't understand why the difference--perhaps it's an asciidoc bug. Cc: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
................................................
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
o--o--o <-- new head of origin
/
o--o--O--o--o--o <-- old head of origin
user-manual: fix rendering of history diagrams Asciidoc appears to interpret a backslash at the end of a line as escaping the end-of-line character, which screws up the display of history diagrams like o--o--o \ o--... The obvious fix (replacing "\" by "\\") doesn't work. The only workaround I've found is to include all such diagrams in a LiteralBlock. Asciidoc claims that should be equivalent to a literal paragraph, so I don't understand why the difference--perhaps it's an asciidoc bug. Cc: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
................................................
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
If we examined all this history together in one repository, it will
look like:
user-manual: fix rendering of history diagrams Asciidoc appears to interpret a backslash at the end of a line as escaping the end-of-line character, which screws up the display of history diagrams like o--o--o \ o--... The obvious fix (replacing "\" by "\\") doesn't work. The only workaround I've found is to include all such diagrams in a LiteralBlock. Asciidoc claims that should be equivalent to a literal paragraph, so I don't understand why the difference--perhaps it's an asciidoc bug. Cc: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
................................................
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
o--o--o <-- new head of origin
/
o--o--O--o--o--o <-- old head of origin
\ \
t--t--t--m <-- their branch:
user-manual: fix rendering of history diagrams Asciidoc appears to interpret a backslash at the end of a line as escaping the end-of-line character, which screws up the display of history diagrams like o--o--o \ o--... The obvious fix (replacing "\" by "\\") doesn't work. The only workaround I've found is to include all such diagrams in a LiteralBlock. Asciidoc claims that should be equivalent to a literal paragraph, so I don't understand why the difference--perhaps it's an asciidoc bug. Cc: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
................................................
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Git has no way of knowing that the new head is an updated version of
the old head; it treats this situation exactly the same as it would if
two developers had independently done the work on the old and new heads
in parallel. At this point, if someone attempts to merge the new head
in to their branch, git will attempt to merge together the two (old and
new) lines of development, instead of trying to replace the old by the
new. The results are likely to be unexpected.
You may still choose to publish branches whose history is rewritten,
and it may be useful for others to be able to fetch those branches in
order to examine or test them, but they should not attempt to pull such
branches into their own work.
For true distributed development that supports proper merging,
published branches should never be rewritten.
user-manual: Add section "Why bisecting merge commits can be harder ..." This commit adds a discussion of the challenge of bisecting merge commits to the user manual. The original author is Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>, who posted the text to the mailing list <http://marc.info/?l=git&m=119403257315527&w=2>. His email was adapted for the manual. The discussion is added to "Rewriting history and maintainig patch series". The text added requires good understanding of merging and rebasing. Therefore it should not be placed too early in the manual. Right after the section on "Problems with rewriting history", the discussion of bisect gives another reason for linearizing as much of the history as possible. The text includes suggestions and fixes by Ralf Wildenhues <Ralf.Wildenhues@gmx.de> and Benoit Sigoure <tsuna@lrde.epita.fr>. Signed-off-by: Steffen Prohaska <prohaska@zib.de> Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
17 years ago
[[bisect-merges]]
Why bisecting merge commits can be harder than bisecting linear history
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
The linkgit:git-bisect[1] command correctly handles history that
user-manual: Add section "Why bisecting merge commits can be harder ..." This commit adds a discussion of the challenge of bisecting merge commits to the user manual. The original author is Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>, who posted the text to the mailing list <http://marc.info/?l=git&m=119403257315527&w=2>. His email was adapted for the manual. The discussion is added to "Rewriting history and maintainig patch series". The text added requires good understanding of merging and rebasing. Therefore it should not be placed too early in the manual. Right after the section on "Problems with rewriting history", the discussion of bisect gives another reason for linearizing as much of the history as possible. The text includes suggestions and fixes by Ralf Wildenhues <Ralf.Wildenhues@gmx.de> and Benoit Sigoure <tsuna@lrde.epita.fr>. Signed-off-by: Steffen Prohaska <prohaska@zib.de> Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
17 years ago
includes merge commits. However, when the commit that it finds is a
merge commit, the user may need to work harder than usual to figure out
why that commit introduced a problem.
Imagine this history:
................................................
---Z---o---X---...---o---A---C---D
\ /
o---o---Y---...---o---B
................................................
Suppose that on the upper line of development, the meaning of one
of the functions that exists at Z is changed at commit X. The
commits from Z leading to A change both the function's
implementation and all calling sites that exist at Z, as well
as new calling sites they add, to be consistent. There is no
bug at A.
Suppose that in the meantime on the lower line of development somebody
adds a new calling site for that function at commit Y. The
commits from Z leading to B all assume the old semantics of that
function and the callers and the callee are consistent with each
other. There is no bug at B, either.
Suppose further that the two development lines merge cleanly at C,
so no conflict resolution is required.
Nevertheless, the code at C is broken, because the callers added
on the lower line of development have not been converted to the new
semantics introduced on the upper line of development. So if all
you know is that D is bad, that Z is good, and that
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:git-bisect[1] identifies C as the culprit, how will you
user-manual: Add section "Why bisecting merge commits can be harder ..." This commit adds a discussion of the challenge of bisecting merge commits to the user manual. The original author is Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>, who posted the text to the mailing list <http://marc.info/?l=git&m=119403257315527&w=2>. His email was adapted for the manual. The discussion is added to "Rewriting history and maintainig patch series". The text added requires good understanding of merging and rebasing. Therefore it should not be placed too early in the manual. Right after the section on "Problems with rewriting history", the discussion of bisect gives another reason for linearizing as much of the history as possible. The text includes suggestions and fixes by Ralf Wildenhues <Ralf.Wildenhues@gmx.de> and Benoit Sigoure <tsuna@lrde.epita.fr>. Signed-off-by: Steffen Prohaska <prohaska@zib.de> Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
17 years ago
figure out that the problem is due to this change in semantics?
When the result of a git-bisect is a non-merge commit, you should
normally be able to discover the problem by examining just that commit.
Developers can make this easy by breaking their changes into small
self-contained commits. That won't help in the case above, however,
because the problem isn't obvious from examination of any single
commit; instead, a global view of the development is required. To
make matters worse, the change in semantics in the problematic
function may be just one small part of the changes in the upper
line of development.
On the other hand, if instead of merging at C you had rebased the
history between Z to B on top of A, you would have gotten this
linear history:
................................................................
---Z---o---X--...---o---A---o---o---Y*--...---o---B*--D*
................................................................
Bisecting between Z and D* would hit a single culprit commit Y*,
and understanding why Y* was broken would probably be easier.
Partly for this reason, many experienced git users, even when
working on an otherwise merge-heavy project, keep the history
linear by rebasing against the latest upstream version before
publishing.
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[advanced-branch-management]]
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Advanced branch management
==========================
Documentation: git-rebase discussion, miscellaneous user-manual updates Add discussion of git-rebase, patch series, history rewriting. Mention "pull ." as a synonym for "merge". Remind myself of another case I want to cover in the other-vcs's chapter. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[fetching-individual-branches]]
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Fetching individual branches
----------------------------
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
Instead of using linkgit:git-remote[1], you can also choose just
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
to update one branch at a time, and to store it locally under an
arbitrary name:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git fetch origin todo:my-todo-work
-------------------------------------------------
The first argument, "origin", just tells git to fetch from the
repository you originally cloned from. The second argument tells git
to fetch the branch named "todo" from the remote repository, and to
store it locally under the name refs/heads/my-todo-work.
You can also fetch branches from other repositories; so
-------------------------------------------------
$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git master:example-master
-------------------------------------------------
will create a new branch named "example-master" and store in it the
branch named "master" from the repository at the given URL. If you
already have a branch named example-master, it will attempt to
user-manual: clean up fast-forward and dangling-objects sections The previous commit calls attention to the fact that we have two sections each devoted to fast-forwards and to dangling objects. Revise and attempt to differentiate them a bit. Some more reorganization may be required later.... Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields
18 years ago
<<fast-forwards,fast-forward>> to the commit given by example.com's
master branch. In more detail:
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: clean up fast-forward and dangling-objects sections The previous commit calls attention to the fact that we have two sections each devoted to fast-forwards and to dangling objects. Revise and attempt to differentiate them a bit. Some more reorganization may be required later.... Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields
18 years ago
[[fetch-fast-forwards]]
git fetch and fast-forwards
---------------------------
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Documentation: more "git-" versus "git " changes With git-commands moving out of $(bindir), it is useful to make a clearer distinction between the git subcommand 'git-whatever' and the command you type, `git whatever <options>`. So we use a dash after "git" when referring to the former and not the latter. I already sent a patch doing this same thing, but I missed some spots. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
In the previous example, when updating an existing branch, "git-fetch"
Documentation: rewrap to prepare for "git-" vs "git " change Rewrap lines in preparation for added dashes. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
checks to make sure that the most recent commit on the remote
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
branch is a descendant of the most recent commit on your copy of the
branch before updating your copy of the branch to point at the new
user-manual: clean up fast-forward and dangling-objects sections The previous commit calls attention to the fact that we have two sections each devoted to fast-forwards and to dangling objects. Revise and attempt to differentiate them a bit. Some more reorganization may be required later.... Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields
18 years ago
commit. Git calls this process a <<fast-forwards,fast forward>>.
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
A fast forward looks something like this:
user-manual: fix rendering of history diagrams Asciidoc appears to interpret a backslash at the end of a line as escaping the end-of-line character, which screws up the display of history diagrams like o--o--o \ o--... The obvious fix (replacing "\" by "\\") doesn't work. The only workaround I've found is to include all such diagrams in a LiteralBlock. Asciidoc claims that should be equivalent to a literal paragraph, so I don't understand why the difference--perhaps it's an asciidoc bug. Cc: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
................................................
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
o--o--o--o <-- old head of the branch
\
o--o--o <-- new head of the branch
user-manual: fix rendering of history diagrams Asciidoc appears to interpret a backslash at the end of a line as escaping the end-of-line character, which screws up the display of history diagrams like o--o--o \ o--... The obvious fix (replacing "\" by "\\") doesn't work. The only workaround I've found is to include all such diagrams in a LiteralBlock. Asciidoc claims that should be equivalent to a literal paragraph, so I don't understand why the difference--perhaps it's an asciidoc bug. Cc: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
................................................
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
In some cases it is possible that the new head will *not* actually be
a descendant of the old head. For example, the developer may have
realized she made a serious mistake, and decided to backtrack,
resulting in a situation like:
user-manual: fix rendering of history diagrams Asciidoc appears to interpret a backslash at the end of a line as escaping the end-of-line character, which screws up the display of history diagrams like o--o--o \ o--... The obvious fix (replacing "\" by "\\") doesn't work. The only workaround I've found is to include all such diagrams in a LiteralBlock. Asciidoc claims that should be equivalent to a literal paragraph, so I don't understand why the difference--perhaps it's an asciidoc bug. Cc: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
................................................
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
o--o--o--o--a--b <-- old head of the branch
\
o--o--o <-- new head of the branch
user-manual: fix rendering of history diagrams Asciidoc appears to interpret a backslash at the end of a line as escaping the end-of-line character, which screws up the display of history diagrams like o--o--o \ o--... The obvious fix (replacing "\" by "\\") doesn't work. The only workaround I've found is to include all such diagrams in a LiteralBlock. Asciidoc claims that should be equivalent to a literal paragraph, so I don't understand why the difference--perhaps it's an asciidoc bug. Cc: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
................................................
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Documentation: more "git-" versus "git " changes With git-commands moving out of $(bindir), it is useful to make a clearer distinction between the git subcommand 'git-whatever' and the command you type, `git whatever <options>`. So we use a dash after "git" when referring to the former and not the latter. I already sent a patch doing this same thing, but I missed some spots. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
In this case, "git-fetch" will fail, and print out a warning.
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
In that case, you can still force git to update to the new head, as
described in the following section. However, note that in the
situation above this may mean losing the commits labeled "a" and "b",
unless you've already created a reference of your own pointing to
them.
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[forcing-fetch]]
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
Forcing git-fetch to do non-fast-forward updates
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
------------------------------------------------
If git fetch fails because the new head of a branch is not a
descendant of the old head, you may force the update with:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git +master:refs/remotes/example/master
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: miscellaneous editing I cherry-picked some additional miscellaneous fixes from those suggested by Santi Béjar, including fixes to: - correct discussion of repository/HEAD->repository shortcut - add mention of git-mergetool - add mention of --track - mention "-f" as well as "+" for fetch Cc: Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Note the addition of the "+" sign. Alternatively, you can use the "-f"
flag to force updates of all the fetched branches, as in:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git fetch -f origin
-------------------------------------------------
Be aware that commits that the old version of example/master pointed at
may be lost, as we saw in the previous section.
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[remote-branch-configuration]]
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Configuring remote branches
---------------------------
We saw above that "origin" is just a shortcut to refer to the
Fix minor typos/grammar in user-manual.txt Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
repository that you originally cloned from. This information is
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
stored in git configuration variables, which you can see using
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:git-config[1]:
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: repo-config -> config Looks like we're going to allow git-config as the preferred alias to git-repo-config, so let's document that instead. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ git config -l
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
core.repositoryformatversion=0
core.filemode=true
core.logallrefupdates=true
remote.origin.url=git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git
remote.origin.fetch=+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
branch.master.remote=origin
branch.master.merge=refs/heads/master
-------------------------------------------------
If there are other repositories that you also use frequently, you can
create similar configuration options to save typing; for example,
after
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: repo-config -> config Looks like we're going to allow git-config as the preferred alias to git-repo-config, so let's document that instead. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ git config remote.example.url git://example.com/proj.git
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
then the following two commands will do the same thing:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git master:refs/remotes/example/master
$ git fetch example master:refs/remotes/example/master
-------------------------------------------------
Even better, if you add one more option:
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: repo-config -> config Looks like we're going to allow git-config as the preferred alias to git-repo-config, so let's document that instead. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ git config remote.example.fetch master:refs/remotes/example/master
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
then the following commands will all do the same thing:
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: fix clone and fetch typos More typo fixes from Santi Béjar, plus a couple other mistakes I noticed along the way. Cc: Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git master:refs/remotes/example/master
$ git fetch example master:refs/remotes/example/master
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ git fetch example
-------------------------------------------------
You can also add a "+" to force the update each time:
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: repo-config -> config Looks like we're going to allow git-config as the preferred alias to git-repo-config, so let's document that instead. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ git config remote.example.fetch +master:ref/remotes/example/master
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
Don't do this unless you're sure you won't mind "git fetch" possibly
Documentation: fix invalid reference to 'mybranch' in user manual Signed-off-by: Ivan Stankovic <pokemon@fly.srk.fer.hr> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
throwing away commits on 'example/master'.
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Also note that all of the above configuration can be performed by
directly editing the file .git/config instead of using
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:git-config[1].
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
See linkgit:git-config[1] for more details on the configuration
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
options mentioned above.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: rename "git internals" to "git concepts" "git internals" sounds like something only git developers must know about, but this stuff should be of wider interest. Rename the chapter and give it a slightly friendlier introduction. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[git-concepts]]
Git concepts
============
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: rename "git internals" to "git concepts" "git internals" sounds like something only git developers must know about, but this stuff should be of wider interest. Rename the chapter and give it a slightly friendlier introduction. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Git is built on a small number of simple but powerful ideas. While it
is possible to get things done without understanding them, you will find
git much more intuitive if you do.
We start with the most important, the <<def_object_database,object
database>> and the <<def_index,index>>.
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[the-object-database]]
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
The Object Database
-------------------
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
We already saw in <<understanding-commits>> that all commits are stored
under a 40-digit "object name". In fact, all the information needed to
represent the history of a project is stored in objects with such names.
In each case the name is calculated by taking the SHA1 hash of the
contents of the object. The SHA1 hash is a cryptographic hash function.
What that means to us is that it is impossible to find two different
objects with the same name. This has a number of advantages; among
others:
- Git can quickly determine whether two objects are identical or not,
just by comparing names.
Fix some typos, punctuation, missing words, minor markup. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
- Since object names are computed the same way in every repository, the
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
same content stored in two repositories will always be stored under
the same name.
- Git can detect errors when it reads an object, by checking that the
object's name is still the SHA1 hash of its contents.
(See <<object-details>> for the details of the object formatting and
SHA1 calculation.)
There are four different types of objects: "blob", "tree", "commit", and
"tag".
- A <<def_blob_object,"blob" object>> is used to store file data.
user-manual: typo and grammar fixes Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
- A <<def_tree_object,"tree" object>> ties one or more
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
"blob" objects into a directory structure. In addition, a tree object
can refer to other tree objects, thus creating a directory hierarchy.
- A <<def_commit_object,"commit" object>> ties such directory hierarchies
manual: Fix or remove em dashes. em dashes were used inconsistently in the manual. This changes them to the way they are used in US English. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
together into a <<def_DAG,directed acyclic graph>> of revisions--each
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
commit contains the object name of exactly one tree designating the
directory hierarchy at the time of the commit. In addition, a commit
refers to "parent" commit objects that describe the history of how we
arrived at that directory hierarchy.
- A <<def_tag_object,"tag" object>> symbolically identifies and can be
used to sign other objects. It contains the object name and type of
another object, a symbolic name (of course!) and, optionally, a
signature.
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
The object types in some more detail:
user-manual: reorder commit, blob, tree discussion The bottom-up blog, tree, commit order makes sense unless you want to give explicit examples--it's easier to discover objects to examine if you go in the other order...., Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[commit-object]]
Commit Object
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
The "commit" object links a physical state of a tree with a description
of how we got there and why. Use the --pretty=raw option to
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:git-show[1] or linkgit:git-log[1] to examine your favorite
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
commit:
------------------------------------------------
$ git show -s --pretty=raw 2be7fcb476
commit 2be7fcb4764f2dbcee52635b91fedb1b3dcf7ab4
tree fb3a8bdd0ceddd019615af4d57a53f43d8cee2bf
parent 257a84d9d02e90447b149af58b271c19405edb6a
author Dave Watson <dwatson@mimvista.com> 1187576872 -0400
committer Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> 1187591163 -0700
Fix misspelling of 'suppress' in docs
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
------------------------------------------------
As you can see, a commit is defined by:
- a tree: The SHA1 name of a tree object (as defined below), representing
the contents of a directory at a certain point in time.
- parent(s): The SHA1 name of some number of commits which represent the
Fix spelling mistakes in user manual Signed-off-by: Shawn Bohrer <shawn.bohrer@gmail.com> Acked-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
immediately previous step(s) in the history of the project. The
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
example above has one parent; merge commits may have more than
one. A commit with no parents is called a "root" commit, and
represents the initial revision of a project. Each project must have
at least one root. A project can also have multiple roots, though
that isn't common (or necessarily a good idea).
- an author: The name of the person responsible for this change, together
with its date.
- a committer: The name of the person who actually created the commit,
with the date it was done. This may be different from the author, for
example, if the author was someone who wrote a patch and emailed it
to the person who used it to create the commit.
- a comment describing this commit.
Note that a commit does not itself contain any information about what
actually changed; all changes are calculated by comparing the contents
of the tree referred to by this commit with the trees associated with
its parents. In particular, git does not attempt to record file renames
explicitly, though it can identify cases where the existence of the same
file data at changing paths suggests a rename. (See, for example, the
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
-M option to linkgit:git-diff[1]).
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
A commit is usually created by linkgit:git-commit[1], which creates a
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
commit whose parent is normally the current HEAD, and whose tree is
taken from the content currently stored in the index.
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[tree-object]]
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Tree Object
user-manual: adjust section levels in "git internals" The descriptions of the various object types should all be a subsection of the "Object Database" section. I cribbed most of this chapter from the README (now core-intro.txt and git(7)), because there's stuff in there people need to know and I was too lazy to rewrite it. The audience isn't quite right, though--the chapter is a mixture of user- and developer- level documentation that isn't as appropriate now as it was originally. So, reserve this chapter for stuff users need to know, and move the source code introduction into a new "git hacking" chapter where we'll also move any hacker-only technical details. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
~~~~~~~~~~~
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
The ever-versatile linkgit:git-show[1] command can also be used to
examine tree objects, but linkgit:git-ls-tree[1] will give you more
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
details:
------------------------------------------------
$ git ls-tree fb3a8bdd0ce
100644 blob 63c918c667fa005ff12ad89437f2fdc80926e21c .gitignore
100644 blob 5529b198e8d14decbe4ad99db3f7fb632de0439d .mailmap
100644 blob 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 COPYING
040000 tree 2fb783e477100ce076f6bf57e4a6f026013dc745 Documentation
100755 blob 3c0032cec592a765692234f1cba47dfdcc3a9200 GIT-VERSION-GEN
100644 blob 289b046a443c0647624607d471289b2c7dcd470b INSTALL
100644 blob 4eb463797adc693dc168b926b6932ff53f17d0b1 Makefile
100644 blob 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 README
...
------------------------------------------------
As you can see, a tree object contains a list of entries, each with a
mode, object type, SHA1 name, and name, sorted by name. It represents
the contents of a single directory tree.
The object type may be a blob, representing the contents of a file, or
another tree, representing the contents of a subdirectory. Since trees
and blobs, like all other objects, are named by the SHA1 hash of their
contents, two trees have the same SHA1 name if and only if their
contents (including, recursively, the contents of all subdirectories)
are identical. This allows git to quickly determine the differences
between two related tree objects, since it can ignore any entries with
identical object names.
(Note: in the presence of submodules, trees may also have commits as
user-manual: Explain what submodules are good for. Rework the introduction to the Submodules section to explain why someone would use them, and fix up submodule references from the tree-object and todo sections. Signed-off-by: Michael Smith <msmith@cbnco.com> Acked-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
18 years ago
entries. See <<submodules>> for documentation.)
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Note that the files all have mode 644 or 755: git actually only pays
attention to the executable bit.
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: reorder commit, blob, tree discussion The bottom-up blog, tree, commit order makes sense unless you want to give explicit examples--it's easier to discover objects to examine if you go in the other order...., Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[blob-object]]
Blob Object
~~~~~~~~~~~
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
You can use linkgit:git-show[1] to examine the contents of a blob; take,
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
for example, the blob in the entry for "COPYING" from the tree above:
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
------------------------------------------------
$ git show 6ff87c4664
Note that the only valid version of the GPL as far as this project
is concerned is _this_ particular version of the license (ie v2, not
v2.2 or v3.x or whatever), unless explicitly otherwise stated.
...
------------------------------------------------
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
A "blob" object is nothing but a binary blob of data. It doesn't refer
to anything else or have attributes of any kind.
Since the blob is entirely defined by its data, if two files in a
directory tree (or in multiple different versions of the repository)
have the same contents, they will share the same blob object. The object
is totally independent of its location in the directory tree, and
renaming a file does not change the object that file is associated with.
Note that any tree or blob object can be examined using
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:git-show[1] with the <revision>:<path> syntax. This can
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
sometimes be useful for browsing the contents of a tree that is not
currently checked out.
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[trust]]
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Trust
user-manual: adjust section levels in "git internals" The descriptions of the various object types should all be a subsection of the "Object Database" section. I cribbed most of this chapter from the README (now core-intro.txt and git(7)), because there's stuff in there people need to know and I was too lazy to rewrite it. The audience isn't quite right, though--the chapter is a mixture of user- and developer- level documentation that isn't as appropriate now as it was originally. So, reserve this chapter for stuff users need to know, and move the source code introduction into a new "git hacking" chapter where we'll also move any hacker-only technical details. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
~~~~~
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
If you receive the SHA1 name of a blob from one source, and its contents
from another (possibly untrusted) source, you can still trust that those
contents are correct as long as the SHA1 name agrees. This is because
the SHA1 is designed so that it is infeasible to find different contents
that produce the same hash.
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Similarly, you need only trust the SHA1 name of a top-level tree object
to trust the contents of the entire directory that it refers to, and if
you receive the SHA1 name of a commit from a trusted source, then you
can easily verify the entire history of commits reachable through
parents of that commit, and all of those contents of the trees referred
to by those commits.
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
So to introduce some real trust in the system, the only thing you need
to do is to digitally sign just 'one' special note, which includes the
name of a top-level commit. Your digital signature shows others
that you trust that commit, and the immutability of the history of
commits tells others that they can trust the whole history.
In other words, you can easily validate a whole archive by just
sending out a single email that tells the people the name (SHA1 hash)
of the top commit, and digitally sign that email using something
like GPG/PGP.
To assist in this, git also provides the tag object...
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[tag-object]]
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Tag Object
user-manual: adjust section levels in "git internals" The descriptions of the various object types should all be a subsection of the "Object Database" section. I cribbed most of this chapter from the README (now core-intro.txt and git(7)), because there's stuff in there people need to know and I was too lazy to rewrite it. The audience isn't quite right, though--the chapter is a mixture of user- and developer- level documentation that isn't as appropriate now as it was originally. So, reserve this chapter for stuff users need to know, and move the source code introduction into a new "git hacking" chapter where we'll also move any hacker-only technical details. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
~~~~~~~~~~
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
A tag object contains an object, object type, tag name, the name of the
person ("tagger") who created the tag, and a message, which may contain
user-manual: typo and grammar fixes Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
a signature, as can be seen using linkgit:git-cat-file[1]:
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
------------------------------------------------
$ git cat-file tag v1.5.0
object 437b1b20df4b356c9342dac8d38849f24ef44f27
type commit
tag v1.5.0
tagger Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> 1171411200 +0000
GIT 1.5.0
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1.4.6 (GNU/Linux)
iD8DBQBF0lGqwMbZpPMRm5oRAuRiAJ9ohBLd7s2kqjkKlq1qqC57SbnmzQCdG4ui
nLE/L9aUXdWeTFPron96DLA=
=2E+0
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
------------------------------------------------
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
See the linkgit:git-tag[1] command to learn how to create and verify tag
objects. (Note that linkgit:git-tag[1] can also be used to create
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
"lightweight tags", which are not tag objects at all, but just simple
user-manual: don't assume refs are stored under .git/refs The scripts taken from Tony Luck's howto assume all refs can be found under .git/refs, but this is not necessarily true, especially since git-gc runs git-pack-refs. Also add a note warning of this in the chapter that introduces refs, and fix the same incorrect assumption in one other spot. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
references whose names begin with "refs/tags/").
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: move packfile and dangling object discussion The discussions of packfiles and dangling objects both belong in the object database section. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[pack-files]]
How git stores objects efficiently: pack files
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
user-manual: fix introduction to packfiles Actually I don't think we've previously mentioned .git/objects, so we need a different introduction here. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Newly created objects are initially created in a file named after the
object's SHA1 hash (stored in .git/objects).
user-manual: move packfile and dangling object discussion The discussions of packfiles and dangling objects both belong in the object database section. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Unfortunately this system becomes inefficient once a project has a
lot of objects. Try this on an old project:
------------------------------------------------
$ git count-objects
6930 objects, 47620 kilobytes
------------------------------------------------
The first number is the number of objects which are kept in
individual files. The second is the amount of space taken up by
those "loose" objects.
You can save space and make git faster by moving these loose objects in
to a "pack file", which stores a group of objects in an efficient
compressed format; the details of how pack files are formatted can be
found in link:technical/pack-format.txt[technical/pack-format.txt].
To put the loose objects into a pack, just run git repack:
------------------------------------------------
$ git repack
Generating pack...
Done counting 6020 objects.
Deltifying 6020 objects.
100% (6020/6020) done
Writing 6020 objects.
100% (6020/6020) done
Total 6020, written 6020 (delta 4070), reused 0 (delta 0)
Pack pack-3e54ad29d5b2e05838c75df582c65257b8d08e1c created.
------------------------------------------------
You can then run
------------------------------------------------
$ git prune
------------------------------------------------
to remove any of the "loose" objects that are now contained in the
pack. This will also remove any unreferenced objects (which may be
Documentation: more "git-" versus "git " changes With git-commands moving out of $(bindir), it is useful to make a clearer distinction between the git subcommand 'git-whatever' and the command you type, `git whatever <options>`. So we use a dash after "git" when referring to the former and not the latter. I already sent a patch doing this same thing, but I missed some spots. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
created when, for example, you use "git-reset" to remove a commit).
user-manual: move packfile and dangling object discussion The discussions of packfiles and dangling objects both belong in the object database section. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
You can verify that the loose objects are gone by looking at the
.git/objects directory or by running
------------------------------------------------
$ git count-objects
0 objects, 0 kilobytes
------------------------------------------------
Although the object files are gone, any commands that refer to those
objects will work exactly as they did before.
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
The linkgit:git-gc[1] command performs packing, pruning, and more for
user-manual: move packfile and dangling object discussion The discussions of packfiles and dangling objects both belong in the object database section. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
you, so is normally the only high-level command you need.
[[dangling-objects]]
Dangling objects
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
The linkgit:git-fsck[1] command will sometimes complain about dangling
user-manual: move packfile and dangling object discussion The discussions of packfiles and dangling objects both belong in the object database section. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
objects. They are not a problem.
The most common cause of dangling objects is that you've rebased a
branch, or you have pulled from somebody else who rebased a branch--see
<<cleaning-up-history>>. In that case, the old head of the original
branch still exists, as does everything it pointed to. The branch
pointer itself just doesn't, since you replaced it with another one.
There are also other situations that cause dangling objects. For
Documentation: more "git-" versus "git " changes With git-commands moving out of $(bindir), it is useful to make a clearer distinction between the git subcommand 'git-whatever' and the command you type, `git whatever <options>`. So we use a dash after "git" when referring to the former and not the latter. I already sent a patch doing this same thing, but I missed some spots. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
example, a "dangling blob" may arise because you did a "git-add" of a
user-manual: move packfile and dangling object discussion The discussions of packfiles and dangling objects both belong in the object database section. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
file, but then, before you actually committed it and made it part of the
bigger picture, you changed something else in that file and committed
manual: Fix or remove em dashes. em dashes were used inconsistently in the manual. This changes them to the way they are used in US English. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
that *updated* thing--the old state that you added originally ends up
user-manual: move packfile and dangling object discussion The discussions of packfiles and dangling objects both belong in the object database section. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
not being pointed to by any commit or tree, so it's now a dangling blob
object.
Similarly, when the "recursive" merge strategy runs, and finds that
there are criss-cross merges and thus more than one merge base (which is
fairly unusual, but it does happen), it will generate one temporary
midway tree (or possibly even more, if you had lots of criss-crossing
merges and more than two merge bases) as a temporary internal merge
base, and again, those are real objects, but the end result will not end
up pointing to them, so they end up "dangling" in your repository.
Generally, dangling objects aren't anything to worry about. They can
even be very useful: if you screw something up, the dangling objects can
be how you recover your old tree (say, you did a rebase, and realized
manual: Fix or remove em dashes. em dashes were used inconsistently in the manual. This changes them to the way they are used in US English. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
that you really didn't want to--you can look at what dangling objects
user-manual: move packfile and dangling object discussion The discussions of packfiles and dangling objects both belong in the object database section. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
you have, and decide to reset your head to some old dangling state).
For commits, you can just use:
------------------------------------------------
$ gitk <dangling-commit-sha-goes-here> --not --all
------------------------------------------------
This asks for all the history reachable from the given commit but not
from any branch, tag, or other reference. If you decide it's something
you want, you can always create a new reference to it, e.g.,
------------------------------------------------
$ git branch recovered-branch <dangling-commit-sha-goes-here>
------------------------------------------------
For blobs and trees, you can't do the same, but you can still examine
them. You can just do
------------------------------------------------
$ git show <dangling-blob/tree-sha-goes-here>
------------------------------------------------
to show what the contents of the blob were (or, for a tree, basically
what the "ls" for that directory was), and that may give you some idea
of what the operation was that left that dangling object.
Usually, dangling blobs and trees aren't very interesting. They're
almost always the result of either being a half-way mergebase (the blob
will often even have the conflict markers from a merge in it, if you
have had conflicting merges that you fixed up by hand), or simply
Documentation: more "git-" versus "git " changes With git-commands moving out of $(bindir), it is useful to make a clearer distinction between the git subcommand 'git-whatever' and the command you type, `git whatever <options>`. So we use a dash after "git" when referring to the former and not the latter. I already sent a patch doing this same thing, but I missed some spots. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
because you interrupted a "git-fetch" with ^C or something like that,
user-manual: move packfile and dangling object discussion The discussions of packfiles and dangling objects both belong in the object database section. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
leaving _some_ of the new objects in the object database, but just
dangling and useless.
Anyway, once you are sure that you're not interested in any dangling
state, you can just prune all unreachable objects:
------------------------------------------------
$ git prune
------------------------------------------------
and they'll be gone. But you should only run "git prune" on a quiescent
manual: Fix or remove em dashes. em dashes were used inconsistently in the manual. This changes them to the way they are used in US English. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
repository--it's kind of like doing a filesystem fsck recovery: you
user-manual: move packfile and dangling object discussion The discussions of packfiles and dangling objects both belong in the object database section. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
don't want to do that while the filesystem is mounted.
manual: Fix or remove em dashes. em dashes were used inconsistently in the manual. This changes them to the way they are used in US English. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
(The same is true of "git-fsck" itself, btw, but since
user-manual: move packfile and dangling object discussion The discussions of packfiles and dangling objects both belong in the object database section. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
git-fsck never actually *changes* the repository, it just reports
on what it found, git-fsck itself is never "dangerous" to run.
Running it while somebody is actually changing the repository can cause
confusing and scary messages, but it won't actually do anything bad. In
contrast, running "git prune" while somebody is actively changing the
repository is a *BAD* idea).
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: recovering from corruption Some instructions on dealing with corruption of the object database. Most of this text is from an example by Linus, identified by Nicolas Pitre <nico@cam.org> with a little further editing by me. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[recovering-from-repository-corruption]]
Recovering from repository corruption
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
By design, git treats data trusted to it with caution. However, even in
the absence of bugs in git itself, it is still possible that hardware or
operating system errors could corrupt data.
The first defense against such problems is backups. You can back up a
git directory using clone, or just using cp, tar, or any other backup
mechanism.
As a last resort, you can search for the corrupted objects and attempt
to replace them by hand. Back up your repository before attempting this
in case you corrupt things even more in the process.
We'll assume that the problem is a single missing or corrupted blob,
Fix spelling mistakes in user manual Signed-off-by: Shawn Bohrer <shawn.bohrer@gmail.com> Acked-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
which is sometimes a solvable problem. (Recovering missing trees and
user-manual: recovering from corruption Some instructions on dealing with corruption of the object database. Most of this text is from an example by Linus, identified by Nicolas Pitre <nico@cam.org> with a little further editing by me. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
especially commits is *much* harder).
Before starting, verify that there is corruption, and figure out where
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
it is with linkgit:git-fsck[1]; this may be time-consuming.
user-manual: recovering from corruption Some instructions on dealing with corruption of the object database. Most of this text is from an example by Linus, identified by Nicolas Pitre <nico@cam.org> with a little further editing by me. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Assume the output looks like this:
------------------------------------------------
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
$ git fsck --full
user-manual: recovering from corruption Some instructions on dealing with corruption of the object database. Most of this text is from an example by Linus, identified by Nicolas Pitre <nico@cam.org> with a little further editing by me. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
broken link from tree 2d9263c6d23595e7cb2a21e5ebbb53655278dff8
to blob 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200
missing blob 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200
------------------------------------------------
(Typically there will be some "dangling object" messages too, but they
aren't interesting.)
Now you know that blob 4b9458b3 is missing, and that the tree 2d9263c6
points to it. If you could find just one copy of that missing blob
object, possibly in some other repository, you could move it into
.git/objects/4b/9458b3... and be done. Suppose you can't. You can
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
still examine the tree that pointed to it with linkgit:git-ls-tree[1],
user-manual: recovering from corruption Some instructions on dealing with corruption of the object database. Most of this text is from an example by Linus, identified by Nicolas Pitre <nico@cam.org> with a little further editing by me. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
which might output something like:
------------------------------------------------
$ git ls-tree 2d9263c6d23595e7cb2a21e5ebbb53655278dff8
100644 blob 8d14531846b95bfa3564b58ccfb7913a034323b8 .gitignore
100644 blob ebf9bf84da0aab5ed944264a5db2a65fe3a3e883 .mailmap
100644 blob ca442d313d86dc67e0a2e5d584b465bd382cbf5c COPYING
...
100644 blob 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200 myfile
...
------------------------------------------------
So now you know that the missing blob was the data for a file named
"myfile". And chances are you can also identify the directory--let's
say it's in "somedirectory". If you're lucky the missing copy might be
the same as the copy you have checked out in your working tree at
"somedirectory/myfile"; you can test whether that's right with
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:git-hash-object[1]:
user-manual: recovering from corruption Some instructions on dealing with corruption of the object database. Most of this text is from an example by Linus, identified by Nicolas Pitre <nico@cam.org> with a little further editing by me. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
------------------------------------------------
$ git hash-object -w somedirectory/myfile
------------------------------------------------
which will create and store a blob object with the contents of
somedirectory/myfile, and output the sha1 of that object. if you're
extremely lucky it might be 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200, in
which case you've guessed right, and the corruption is fixed!
Otherwise, you need more information. How do you tell which version of
the file has been lost?
The easiest way to do this is with:
------------------------------------------------
$ git log --raw --all --full-history -- somedirectory/myfile
------------------------------------------------
Because you're asking for raw output, you'll now get something like
------------------------------------------------
commit abc
Author:
Date:
...
:100644 100644 4b9458b... newsha... M somedirectory/myfile
commit xyz
Author:
Date:
...
:100644 100644 oldsha... 4b9458b... M somedirectory/myfile
------------------------------------------------
This tells you that the immediately preceding version of the file was
"newsha", and that the immediately following version was "oldsha".
You also know the commit messages that went with the change from oldsha
to 4b9458b and with the change from 4b9458b to newsha.
If you've been committing small enough changes, you may now have a good
shot at reconstructing the contents of the in-between state 4b9458b.
If you can do that, you can now recreate the missing object with
------------------------------------------------
$ git hash-object -w <recreated-file>
------------------------------------------------
and your repository is good again!
Merge branch 'maint' * maint: user-manual: recovering from corruption user-manual: clarify language about "modifying" old commits user-manual: failed push to public repository user-manual: define "branch" and "working tree" at start git-checkout: describe detached head correctly
17 years ago
(Btw, you could have ignored the fsck, and started with doing a
user-manual: recovering from corruption Some instructions on dealing with corruption of the object database. Most of this text is from an example by Linus, identified by Nicolas Pitre <nico@cam.org> with a little further editing by me. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
------------------------------------------------
$ git log --raw --all
------------------------------------------------
Merge branch 'maint' * maint: user-manual: recovering from corruption user-manual: clarify language about "modifying" old commits user-manual: failed push to public repository user-manual: define "branch" and "working tree" at start git-checkout: describe detached head correctly
17 years ago
and just looked for the sha of the missing object (4b9458b..) in that
whole thing. It's up to you - git does *have* a lot of information, it is
user-manual: recovering from corruption Some instructions on dealing with corruption of the object database. Most of this text is from an example by Linus, identified by Nicolas Pitre <nico@cam.org> with a little further editing by me. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
just missing one particular blob version.
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[the-index]]
user-manual: rewrite index discussion Add an example using git-ls-files, standardize on the new "index" terminology (as opposed to "cache"), attempt to clarify discussion and make it a little shorter, avoid some unnecessary jargon ("write-back cache"). Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
The index
-----------
The index is a binary file (generally kept in .git/index) containing a
sorted list of path names, each with permissions and the SHA1 of a blob
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
object; linkgit:git-ls-files[1] can show you the contents of the index:
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: rewrite index discussion Add an example using git-ls-files, standardize on the new "index" terminology (as opposed to "cache"), attempt to clarify discussion and make it a little shorter, avoid some unnecessary jargon ("write-back cache"). Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ git ls-files --stage
100644 63c918c667fa005ff12ad89437f2fdc80926e21c 0 .gitignore
100644 5529b198e8d14decbe4ad99db3f7fb632de0439d 0 .mailmap
100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 0 COPYING
100644 a37b2152bd26be2c2289e1f57a292534a51a93c7 0 Documentation/.gitignore
100644 fbefe9a45b00a54b58d94d06eca48b03d40a50e0 0 Documentation/Makefile
...
100644 2511aef8d89ab52be5ec6a5e46236b4b6bcd07ea 0 xdiff/xtypes.h
100644 2ade97b2574a9f77e7ae4002a4e07a6a38e46d07 0 xdiff/xutils.c
100644 d5de8292e05e7c36c4b68857c1cf9855e3d2f70a 0 xdiff/xutils.h
-------------------------------------------------
Note that in older documentation you may see the index called the
"current directory cache" or just the "cache". It has three important
properties:
1. The index contains all the information necessary to generate a single
(uniquely determined) tree object.
+
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
For example, running linkgit:git-commit[1] generates this tree object
user-manual: rewrite index discussion Add an example using git-ls-files, standardize on the new "index" terminology (as opposed to "cache"), attempt to clarify discussion and make it a little shorter, avoid some unnecessary jargon ("write-back cache"). Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
from the index, stores it in the object database, and uses it as the
tree object associated with the new commit.
2. The index enables fast comparisons between the tree object it defines
and the working tree.
+
It does this by storing some additional data for each entry (such as
the last modified time). This data is not displayed above, and is not
stored in the created tree object, but it can be used to determine
quickly which files in the working directory differ from what was
stored in the index, and thus save git from having to read all of the
data from such files to look for changes.
3. It can efficiently represent information about merge conflicts
between different tree objects, allowing each pathname to be
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
associated with sufficient information about the trees involved that
user-manual: rewrite index discussion Add an example using git-ls-files, standardize on the new "index" terminology (as opposed to "cache"), attempt to clarify discussion and make it a little shorter, avoid some unnecessary jargon ("write-back cache"). Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
you can create a three-way merge between them.
+
We saw in <<conflict-resolution>> that during a merge the index can
store multiple versions of a single file (called "stages"). The third
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
column in the linkgit:git-ls-files[1] output above is the stage
user-manual: rewrite index discussion Add an example using git-ls-files, standardize on the new "index" terminology (as opposed to "cache"), attempt to clarify discussion and make it a little shorter, avoid some unnecessary jargon ("write-back cache"). Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
number, and will take on values other than 0 for files with merge
conflicts.
The index is thus a sort of temporary staging area, which is filled with
a tree which you are in the process of working on.
If you blow the index away entirely, you generally haven't lost any
information as long as you have the name of the tree that it described.
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
User Manual: add a chapter for submodules Signed-off-by: Michael Smith <msmith@cbnco.com> Signed-off-by: Miklos Vajna <vmiklos@frugalware.org> Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[submodules]]
Submodules
==========
user-manual: Explain what submodules are good for. Rework the introduction to the Submodules section to explain why someone would use them, and fix up submodule references from the tree-object and todo sections. Signed-off-by: Michael Smith <msmith@cbnco.com> Acked-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
18 years ago
Large projects are often composed of smaller, self-contained modules. For
example, an embedded Linux distribution's source tree would include every
piece of software in the distribution with some local modifications; a movie
player might need to build against a specific, known-working version of a
decompression library; several independent programs might all share the same
build scripts.
With centralized revision control systems this is often accomplished by
including every module in one single repository. Developers can check out
all modules or only the modules they need to work with. They can even modify
files across several modules in a single commit while moving things around
or updating APIs and translations.
Git does not allow partial checkouts, so duplicating this approach in Git
would force developers to keep a local copy of modules they are not
interested in touching. Commits in an enormous checkout would be slower
than you'd expect as Git would have to scan every directory for changes.
If modules have a lot of local history, clones would take forever.
On the plus side, distributed revision control systems can much better
integrate with external sources. In a centralized model, a single arbitrary
snapshot of the external project is exported from its own revision control
and then imported into the local revision control on a vendor branch. All
the history is hidden. With distributed revision control you can clone the
entire external history and much more easily follow development and re-merge
local changes.
Git's submodule support allows a repository to contain, as a subdirectory, a
checkout of an external project. Submodules maintain their own identity;
the submodule support just stores the submodule repository location and
commit ID, so other developers who clone the containing project
("superproject") can easily clone all the submodules at the same revision.
Partial checkouts of the superproject are possible: you can tell Git to
clone none, some or all of the submodules.
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
The linkgit:git-submodule[1] command is available since Git 1.5.3. Users
user-manual: Explain what submodules are good for. Rework the introduction to the Submodules section to explain why someone would use them, and fix up submodule references from the tree-object and todo sections. Signed-off-by: Michael Smith <msmith@cbnco.com> Acked-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
18 years ago
with Git 1.5.2 can look up the submodule commits in the repository and
manually check them out; earlier versions won't recognize the submodules at
all.
User Manual: add a chapter for submodules Signed-off-by: Michael Smith <msmith@cbnco.com> Signed-off-by: Miklos Vajna <vmiklos@frugalware.org> Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
To see how submodule support works, create (for example) four example
repositories that can be used later as a submodule:
-------------------------------------------------
$ mkdir ~/git
$ cd ~/git
$ for i in a b c d
do
mkdir $i
cd $i
git init
echo "module $i" > $i.txt
git add $i.txt
git commit -m "Initial commit, submodule $i"
cd ..
done
-------------------------------------------------
Now create the superproject and add all the submodules:
-------------------------------------------------
$ mkdir super
$ cd super
$ git init
$ for i in a b c d
do
`git submodule add` now requires a <path> Signed-off-by: Abhijit Menon-Sen <ams@toroid.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
git submodule add ~/git/$i $i
User Manual: add a chapter for submodules Signed-off-by: Michael Smith <msmith@cbnco.com> Signed-off-by: Miklos Vajna <vmiklos@frugalware.org> Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
done
-------------------------------------------------
NOTE: Do not use local URLs here if you plan to publish your superproject!
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
See what files `git-submodule` created:
User Manual: add a chapter for submodules Signed-off-by: Michael Smith <msmith@cbnco.com> Signed-off-by: Miklos Vajna <vmiklos@frugalware.org> Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
$ ls -a
. .. .git .gitmodules a b c d
-------------------------------------------------
`git submodule add` now requires a <path> Signed-off-by: Abhijit Menon-Sen <ams@toroid.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
The `git-submodule add <repo> <path>` command does a couple of things:
User Manual: add a chapter for submodules Signed-off-by: Michael Smith <msmith@cbnco.com> Signed-off-by: Miklos Vajna <vmiklos@frugalware.org> Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
`git submodule add` now requires a <path> Signed-off-by: Abhijit Menon-Sen <ams@toroid.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
- It clones the submodule from <repo> to the given <path> under the
current directory and by default checks out the master branch.
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
- It adds the submodule's clone path to the linkgit:gitmodules[5] file and
user-manual: Explain what submodules are good for. Rework the introduction to the Submodules section to explain why someone would use them, and fix up submodule references from the tree-object and todo sections. Signed-off-by: Michael Smith <msmith@cbnco.com> Acked-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
18 years ago
adds this file to the index, ready to be committed.
User Manual: add a chapter for submodules Signed-off-by: Michael Smith <msmith@cbnco.com> Signed-off-by: Miklos Vajna <vmiklos@frugalware.org> Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
- It adds the submodule's current commit ID to the index, ready to be
committed.
Commit the superproject:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git commit -m "Add submodules a, b, c and d."
-------------------------------------------------
Now clone the superproject:
-------------------------------------------------
$ cd ..
$ git clone super cloned
$ cd cloned
-------------------------------------------------
The submodule directories are there, but they're empty:
-------------------------------------------------
$ ls -a a
. ..
$ git submodule status
-d266b9873ad50488163457f025db7cdd9683d88b a
-e81d457da15309b4fef4249aba9b50187999670d b
-c1536a972b9affea0f16e0680ba87332dc059146 c
-d96249ff5d57de5de093e6baff9e0aafa5276a74 d
-------------------------------------------------
NOTE: The commit object names shown above would be different for you, but they
should match the HEAD commit object names of your repositories. You can check
it by running `git ls-remote ../a`.
Pulling down the submodules is a two-step process. First run `git submodule
init` to add the submodule repository URLs to `.git/config`:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git submodule init
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
Now use `git-submodule update` to clone the repositories and check out the
User Manual: add a chapter for submodules Signed-off-by: Michael Smith <msmith@cbnco.com> Signed-off-by: Miklos Vajna <vmiklos@frugalware.org> Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
commits specified in the superproject:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git submodule update
$ cd a
$ ls -a
. .. .git a.txt
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
One major difference between `git-submodule update` and `git-submodule add` is
that `git-submodule update` checks out a specific commit, rather than the tip
User Manual: add a chapter for submodules Signed-off-by: Michael Smith <msmith@cbnco.com> Signed-off-by: Miklos Vajna <vmiklos@frugalware.org> Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
of a branch. It's like checking out a tag: the head is detached, so you're not
working on a branch.
-------------------------------------------------
$ git branch
* (no branch)
master
-------------------------------------------------
If you want to make a change within a submodule and you have a detached head,
then you should create or checkout a branch, make your changes, publish the
change within the submodule, and then update the superproject to reference the
new commit:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git checkout master
-------------------------------------------------
or
-------------------------------------------------
$ git checkout -b fix-up
-------------------------------------------------
then
-------------------------------------------------
$ echo "adding a line again" >> a.txt
$ git commit -a -m "Updated the submodule from within the superproject."
$ git push
$ cd ..
$ git diff
diff --git a/a b/a
index d266b98..261dfac 160000
--- a/a
+++ b/a
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit d266b9873ad50488163457f025db7cdd9683d88b
+Subproject commit 261dfac35cb99d380eb966e102c1197139f7fa24
$ git add a
$ git commit -m "Updated submodule a."
$ git push
-------------------------------------------------
You have to run `git submodule update` after `git pull` if you want to update
submodules, too.
Pitfalls with submodules
------------------------
Always publish the submodule change before publishing the change to the
superproject that references it. If you forget to publish the submodule change,
others won't be able to clone the repository:
-------------------------------------------------
$ cd ~/git/super/a
$ echo i added another line to this file >> a.txt
$ git commit -a -m "doing it wrong this time"
$ cd ..
$ git add a
$ git commit -m "Updated submodule a again."
$ git push
$ cd ~/git/cloned
$ git pull
$ git submodule update
error: pathspec '261dfac35cb99d380eb966e102c1197139f7fa24' did not match any file(s) known to git.
Did you forget to 'git add'?
Unable to checkout '261dfac35cb99d380eb966e102c1197139f7fa24' in submodule path 'a'
-------------------------------------------------
You also should not rewind branches in a submodule beyond commits that were
ever recorded in any superproject.
It's not safe to run `git submodule update` if you've made and committed
changes within a submodule without checking out a branch first. They will be
silently overwritten:
-------------------------------------------------
$ cat a.txt
module a
$ echo line added from private2 >> a.txt
$ git commit -a -m "line added inside private2"
$ cd ..
$ git submodule update
Submodule path 'a': checked out 'd266b9873ad50488163457f025db7cdd9683d88b'
$ cd a
$ cat a.txt
module a
-------------------------------------------------
NOTE: The changes are still visible in the submodule's reflog.
This is not the case if you did not commit your changes.
user-manual: create new "low-level git operations" chapter The low-level index operations aren't as important to regular users as the rest of this "git concepts" chapter; so move it into a separate chapter, and do some minor cleanup. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[low-level-operations]]
Low-level git operations
========================
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: create new "low-level git operations" chapter The low-level index operations aren't as important to regular users as the rest of this "git concepts" chapter; so move it into a separate chapter, and do some minor cleanup. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Many of the higher-level commands were originally implemented as shell
scripts using a smaller core of low-level git commands. These can still
be useful when doing unusual things with git, or just as a way to
understand its inner workings.
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[object-manipulation]]
Object access and manipulation
------------------------------
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
The linkgit:git-cat-file[1] command can show the contents of any object,
though the higher-level linkgit:git-show[1] is usually more useful.
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
The linkgit:git-commit-tree[1] command allows constructing commits with
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
arbitrary parents and trees.
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
A tree can be created with linkgit:git-write-tree[1] and its data can be
accessed by linkgit:git-ls-tree[1]. Two trees can be compared with
linkgit:git-diff-tree[1].
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
A tag is created with linkgit:git-mktag[1], and the signature can be
verified by linkgit:git-verify-tag[1], though it is normally simpler to
use linkgit:git-tag[1] for both.
user-manual: rewrite object database discussion Rewrite the introduction. Rewrite each section completely to make them work in the new order, to add some examples, and to move plumbing commands (like git-commit-tree) to the following chapter. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[the-workflow]]
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
The Workflow
------------
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
High-level operations such as linkgit:git-commit[1],
linkgit:git-checkout[1] and linkgit:git-reset[1] work by moving data
Fix some typos, punctuation, missing words, minor markup. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
between the working tree, the index, and the object database. Git
provides low-level operations which perform each of these steps
individually.
user-manual: create new "low-level git operations" chapter The low-level index operations aren't as important to regular users as the rest of this "git concepts" chapter; so move it into a separate chapter, and do some minor cleanup. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Generally, all "git" operations work on the index file. Some operations
work *purely* on the index file (showing the current state of the
user-manual: create new "low-level git operations" chapter The low-level index operations aren't as important to regular users as the rest of this "git concepts" chapter; so move it into a separate chapter, and do some minor cleanup. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
index), but most operations move data between the index file and either
the database or the working directory. Thus there are four main
combinations:
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[working-directory-to-index]]
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
working directory -> index
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
The linkgit:git-update-index[1] command updates the index with
user-manual: create new "low-level git operations" chapter The low-level index operations aren't as important to regular users as the rest of this "git concepts" chapter; so move it into a separate chapter, and do some minor cleanup. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
information from the working directory. You generally update the
index information by just specifying the filename you want to update,
like so:
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: create new "low-level git operations" chapter The low-level index operations aren't as important to regular users as the rest of this "git concepts" chapter; so move it into a separate chapter, and do some minor cleanup. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ git update-index filename
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
but to avoid common mistakes with filename globbing etc, the command
will not normally add totally new entries or remove old entries,
i.e. it will normally just update existing cache entries.
To tell git that yes, you really do realize that certain files no
longer exist, or that new files should be added, you
should use the `--remove` and `--add` flags respectively.
NOTE! A `--remove` flag does 'not' mean that subsequent filenames will
necessarily be removed: if the files still exist in your directory
structure, the index will be updated with their new status, not
Replace the word 'update-cache' by 'update-index' everywhere Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
removed. The only thing `--remove` means is that update-index will be
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
considering a removed file to be a valid thing, and if the file really
does not exist any more, it will update the index accordingly.
Documentation: more "git-" versus "git " changes With git-commands moving out of $(bindir), it is useful to make a clearer distinction between the git subcommand 'git-whatever' and the command you type, `git whatever <options>`. So we use a dash after "git" when referring to the former and not the latter. I already sent a patch doing this same thing, but I missed some spots. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
As a special case, you can also do `git update-index --refresh`, which
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
will refresh the "stat" information of each index to match the current
stat information. It will 'not' update the object status itself, and
it will only update the fields that are used to quickly test whether
an object still matches its old backing store object.
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
The previously introduced linkgit:git-add[1] is just a wrapper for
linkgit:git-update-index[1].
user-manual: create new "low-level git operations" chapter The low-level index operations aren't as important to regular users as the rest of this "git concepts" chapter; so move it into a separate chapter, and do some minor cleanup. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[index-to-object-database]]
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
index -> object database
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
You write your current index file to a "tree" object with the program
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: create new "low-level git operations" chapter The low-level index operations aren't as important to regular users as the rest of this "git concepts" chapter; so move it into a separate chapter, and do some minor cleanup. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ git write-tree
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
manual: Fix or remove em dashes. em dashes were used inconsistently in the manual. This changes them to the way they are used in US English. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
that doesn't come with any options--it will just write out the
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
current index into the set of tree objects that describe that state,
and it will return the name of the resulting top-level tree. You can
use that tree to re-generate the index at any time by going in the
other direction:
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[object-database-to-index]]
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
object database -> index
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
You read a "tree" file from the object database, and use that to
manual: Fix or remove em dashes. em dashes were used inconsistently in the manual. This changes them to the way they are used in US English. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
populate (and overwrite--don't do this if your index contains any
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
unsaved state that you might want to restore later!) your current
index. Normal operation is just
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
$ git read-tree <sha1 of tree>
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
and your index file will now be equivalent to the tree that you saved
earlier. However, that is only your 'index' file: your working
directory contents have not been modified.
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[index-to-working-directory]]
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
index -> working directory
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
You update your working directory from the index by "checking out"
files. This is not a very common operation, since normally you'd just
keep your files updated, and rather than write to your working
directory, you'd tell the index files about the changes in your
working directory (i.e. `git-update-index`).
However, if you decide to jump to a new version, or check out somebody
else's version, or just restore a previous tree, you'd populate your
index file with read-tree, and then you need to check out the result
with
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
$ git checkout-index filename
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
or, if you want to check out all of the index, use `-a`.
NOTE! git-checkout-index normally refuses to overwrite old files, so
if you have an old version of the tree already checked out, you will
need to use the "-f" flag ('before' the "-a" flag or the filename) to
'force' the checkout.
Finally, there are a few odds and ends which are not purely moving
from one representation to the other:
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[tying-it-all-together]]
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Tying it all together
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Documentation: more "git-" versus "git " changes With git-commands moving out of $(bindir), it is useful to make a clearer distinction between the git subcommand 'git-whatever' and the command you type, `git whatever <options>`. So we use a dash after "git" when referring to the former and not the latter. I already sent a patch doing this same thing, but I missed some spots. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
To commit a tree you have instantiated with "git write-tree", you'd
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
create a "commit" object that refers to that tree and the history
manual: Fix or remove em dashes. em dashes were used inconsistently in the manual. This changes them to the way they are used in US English. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
behind it--most notably the "parent" commits that preceded it in
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
history.
Normally a "commit" has one parent: the previous state of the tree
before a certain change was made. However, sometimes it can have two
or more parent commits, in which case we call it a "merge", due to the
fact that such a commit brings together ("merges") two or more
previous states represented by other commits.
In other words, while a "tree" represents a particular directory state
of a working directory, a "commit" represents that state in "time",
and explains how we got there.
You create a commit object by giving it the tree that describes the
state at the time of the commit, and a list of parents:
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
$ git commit-tree <tree> -p <parent> [-p <parent2> ..]
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
and then giving the reason for the commit on stdin (either through
redirection from a pipe or file, or by just typing it at the tty).
git-commit-tree will return the name of the object that represents
that commit, and you should save it away for later use. Normally,
you'd commit a new `HEAD` state, and while git doesn't care where you
save the note about that state, in practice we tend to just write the
result to the file pointed at by `.git/HEAD`, so that we can always see
what the last committed state was.
Here is an ASCII art by Jon Loeliger that illustrates how
various pieces fit together.
------------
commit-tree
commit obj
+----+
| |
| |
V V
+-----------+
| Object DB |
| Backing |
| Store |
+-----------+
^
write-tree | |
tree obj | |
| | read-tree
| | tree obj
V
+-----------+
| Index |
| "cache" |
+-----------+
update-index ^
blob obj | |
| |
checkout-index -u | | checkout-index
stat | | blob obj
V
+-----------+
| Working |
| Directory |
+-----------+
------------
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[examining-the-data]]
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Examining the data
------------------
You can examine the data represented in the object database and the
index with various helper tools. For every object, you can use
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
linkgit:git-cat-file[1] to examine details about the
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
object:
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
$ git cat-file -t <objectname>
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
shows the type of the object, and once you have the type (which is
usually implicit in where you find the object), you can use
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
$ git cat-file blob|tree|commit|tag <objectname>
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
to show its contents. NOTE! Trees have binary content, and as a result
there is a special helper for showing that content, called
`git-ls-tree`, which turns the binary content into a more easily
readable form.
It's especially instructive to look at "commit" objects, since those
tend to be small and fairly self-explanatory. In particular, if you
follow the convention of having the top commit name in `.git/HEAD`,
you can do
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
$ git cat-file commit HEAD
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
to see what the top commit was.
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[merging-multiple-trees]]
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Merging multiple trees
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
----------------------
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Git helps you do a three-way merge, which you can expand to n-way by
repeating the merge procedure arbitrary times until you finally
"commit" the state. The normal situation is that you'd only do one
three-way merge (two parents), and commit it, but if you like to, you
can do multiple parents in one go.
To do a three-way merge, you need the two sets of "commit" objects
that you want to merge, use those to find the closest common parent (a
third "commit" object), and then use those commit objects to find the
state of the directory ("tree" object) at these points.
To get the "base" for the merge, you first look up the common parent
of two commits with
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
$ git merge-base <commit1> <commit2>
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
which will return you the commit they are both based on. You should
now look up the "tree" objects of those commits, which you can easily
do with (for example)
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
$ git cat-file commit <commitname> | head -1
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
since the tree object information is always the first line in a commit
object.
user-manual: rewrap a few long lines Rewrap some long lines. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Once you know the three trees you are going to merge (the one "original"
user-manual: miscellaneous editing I cherry-picked some additional miscellaneous fixes from those suggested by Santi Béjar, including fixes to: - correct discussion of repository/HEAD->repository shortcut - add mention of git-mergetool - add mention of --track - mention "-f" as well as "+" for fetch Cc: Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
tree, aka the common tree, and the two "result" trees, aka the branches
user-manual: rewrap a few long lines Rewrap some long lines. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
you want to merge), you do a "merge" read into the index. This will
complain if it has to throw away your old index contents, so you should
manual: Fix or remove em dashes. em dashes were used inconsistently in the manual. This changes them to the way they are used in US English. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
make sure that you've committed those--in fact you would normally
user-manual: rewrap a few long lines Rewrap some long lines. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
always do a merge against your last commit (which should thus match what
you have in your current index anyway).
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
To do the merge, do
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
$ git read-tree -m -u <origtree> <yourtree> <targettree>
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
which will do all trivial merge operations for you directly in the
index file, and you can just write the result out with
Documentation: more "git-" versus "git " changes With git-commands moving out of $(bindir), it is useful to make a clearer distinction between the git subcommand 'git-whatever' and the command you type, `git whatever <options>`. So we use a dash after "git" when referring to the former and not the latter. I already sent a patch doing this same thing, but I missed some spots. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
`git write-tree`.
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[merging-multiple-trees-2]]
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Merging multiple trees, continued
---------------------------------
Sadly, many merges aren't trivial. If there are files that have
Fix some typos, punctuation, missing words, minor markup. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
been added, moved or removed, or if both branches have modified the
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
same file, you will be left with an index tree that contains "merge
entries" in it. Such an index tree can 'NOT' be written out to a tree
object, and you will have to resolve any such merge clashes using
other tools before you can write out the result.
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
You can examine such index state with `git ls-files --unmerged`
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
command. An example:
------------------------------------------------
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
$ git read-tree -m $orig HEAD $target
$ git ls-files --unmerged
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
100644 263414f423d0e4d70dae8fe53fa34614ff3e2860 1 hello.c
100644 06fa6a24256dc7e560efa5687fa84b51f0263c3a 2 hello.c
100644 cc44c73eb783565da5831b4d820c962954019b69 3 hello.c
------------------------------------------------
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
Each line of the `git ls-files --unmerged` output begins with
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
the blob mode bits, blob SHA1, 'stage number', and the
filename. The 'stage number' is git's way to say which tree it
came from: stage 1 corresponds to `$orig` tree, stage 2 `HEAD`
tree, and stage3 `$target` tree.
Earlier we said that trivial merges are done inside
`git-read-tree -m`. For example, if the file did not change
from `$orig` to `HEAD` nor `$target`, or if the file changed
from `$orig` to `HEAD` and `$orig` to `$target` the same way,
obviously the final outcome is what is in `HEAD`. What the
above example shows is that file `hello.c` was changed from
`$orig` to `HEAD` and `$orig` to `$target` in a different way.
You could resolve this by running your favorite 3-way merge
user-manual: miscellaneous editing I cherry-picked some additional miscellaneous fixes from those suggested by Santi Béjar, including fixes to: - correct discussion of repository/HEAD->repository shortcut - add mention of git-mergetool - add mention of --track - mention "-f" as well as "+" for fetch Cc: Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
program, e.g. `diff3`, `merge`, or git's own merge-file, on
the blob objects from these three stages yourself, like this:
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
------------------------------------------------
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
$ git cat-file blob 263414f... >hello.c~1
$ git cat-file blob 06fa6a2... >hello.c~2
$ git cat-file blob cc44c73... >hello.c~3
user-manual: miscellaneous editing I cherry-picked some additional miscellaneous fixes from those suggested by Santi Béjar, including fixes to: - correct discussion of repository/HEAD->repository shortcut - add mention of git-mergetool - add mention of --track - mention "-f" as well as "+" for fetch Cc: Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ git merge-file hello.c~2 hello.c~1 hello.c~3
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
------------------------------------------------
This would leave the merge result in `hello.c~2` file, along
with conflict markers if there are conflicts. After verifying
the merge result makes sense, you can tell git what the final
merge result for this file is by:
-------------------------------------------------
$ mv -f hello.c~2 hello.c
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
$ git update-index hello.c
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
user-manual: typo and grammar fixes Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
When a path is in the "unmerged" state, running `git-update-index` for
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
that path tells git to mark the path resolved.
The above is the description of a git merge at the lowest level,
to help you understand what conceptually happens under the hood.
user-manual: typo and grammar fixes Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
In practice, nobody, not even git itself, runs `git-cat-file` three times
for this. There is a `git-merge-index` program that extracts the
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
stages to temporary files and calls a "merge" script on it:
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
$ git merge-index git-merge-one-file hello.c
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-------------------------------------------------
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
and that is what higher level `git-merge -s resolve` is implemented with.
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: adjust section levels in "git internals" The descriptions of the various object types should all be a subsection of the "Object Database" section. I cribbed most of this chapter from the README (now core-intro.txt and git(7)), because there's stuff in there people need to know and I was too lazy to rewrite it. The audience isn't quite right, though--the chapter is a mixture of user- and developer- level documentation that isn't as appropriate now as it was originally. So, reserve this chapter for stuff users need to know, and move the source code introduction into a new "git hacking" chapter where we'll also move any hacker-only technical details. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[hacking-git]]
Hacking git
===========
This chapter covers internal details of the git implementation which
probably only git developers need to understand.
user-manual: move object format details to hacking-git chapter Most of this is probably only of interest to git developers. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[object-details]]
Object storage format
---------------------
All objects have a statically determined "type" which identifies the
format of the object (i.e. how it is used, and how it can refer to other
objects). There are currently four different object types: "blob",
"tree", "commit", and "tag".
Regardless of object type, all objects share the following
characteristics: they are all deflated with zlib, and have a header
that not only specifies their type, but also provides size information
about the data in the object. It's worth noting that the SHA1 hash
that is used to name the object is the hash of the original data
plus this header, so `sha1sum` 'file' does not match the object name
for 'file'.
(Historical note: in the dawn of the age of git the hash
was the sha1 of the 'compressed' object.)
As a result, the general consistency of an object can always be tested
independently of the contents or the type of the object: all objects can
be validated by verifying that (a) their hashes match the content of the
file and (b) the object successfully inflates to a stream of bytes that
forms a sequence of <ascii type without space> {plus} <space> {plus} <ascii decimal
size> {plus} <byte\0> {plus} <binary object data>.
The structured objects can further have their structure and
connectivity to other objects verified. This is generally done with
the `git-fsck` program, which generates a full dependency graph
of all objects, and verifies their internal consistency (in addition
to just verifying their superficial consistency through the hash).
Add a birdview-on-the-source-code section to the user manual In http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/42479, a birdview on the source code was requested. J. Bruce Fields suggested that my reply should be included in the user manual, and there was nothing of an outcry, so here it is, not 2 months later. It includes modifications as suggested by J. Bruce Fields, Karl Hasselström and Daniel Barkalow. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
18 years ago
[[birdview-on-the-source-code]]
user-manual: revise birdseye-view chapter Some revisions suggested by Junio along with some minor style fixes and one compile fix (asterisks need escaping). Cc: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
A birds-eye view of Git's source code
-------------------------------------
Add a birdview-on-the-source-code section to the user manual In http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/42479, a birdview on the source code was requested. J. Bruce Fields suggested that my reply should be included in the user manual, and there was nothing of an outcry, so here it is, not 2 months later. It includes modifications as suggested by J. Bruce Fields, Karl Hasselström and Daniel Barkalow. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
18 years ago
user-manual: revise birdseye-view chapter Some revisions suggested by Junio along with some minor style fixes and one compile fix (asterisks need escaping). Cc: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
It is not always easy for new developers to find their way through Git's
source code. This section gives you a little guidance to show where to
start.
Add a birdview-on-the-source-code section to the user manual In http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/42479, a birdview on the source code was requested. J. Bruce Fields suggested that my reply should be included in the user manual, and there was nothing of an outcry, so here it is, not 2 months later. It includes modifications as suggested by J. Bruce Fields, Karl Hasselström and Daniel Barkalow. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
18 years ago
user-manual: revise birdseye-view chapter Some revisions suggested by Junio along with some minor style fixes and one compile fix (asterisks need escaping). Cc: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
A good place to start is with the contents of the initial commit, with:
Add a birdview-on-the-source-code section to the user manual In http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/42479, a birdview on the source code was requested. J. Bruce Fields suggested that my reply should be included in the user manual, and there was nothing of an outcry, so here it is, not 2 months later. It includes modifications as suggested by J. Bruce Fields, Karl Hasselström and Daniel Barkalow. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
18 years ago
----------------------------------------------------
user-manual: revise birdseye-view chapter Some revisions suggested by Junio along with some minor style fixes and one compile fix (asterisks need escaping). Cc: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ git checkout e83c5163
Add a birdview-on-the-source-code section to the user manual In http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/42479, a birdview on the source code was requested. J. Bruce Fields suggested that my reply should be included in the user manual, and there was nothing of an outcry, so here it is, not 2 months later. It includes modifications as suggested by J. Bruce Fields, Karl Hasselström and Daniel Barkalow. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
18 years ago
----------------------------------------------------
user-manual: revise birdseye-view chapter Some revisions suggested by Junio along with some minor style fixes and one compile fix (asterisks need escaping). Cc: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
The initial revision lays the foundation for almost everything git has
today, but is small enough to read in one sitting.
Add a birdview-on-the-source-code section to the user manual In http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/42479, a birdview on the source code was requested. J. Bruce Fields suggested that my reply should be included in the user manual, and there was nothing of an outcry, so here it is, not 2 months later. It includes modifications as suggested by J. Bruce Fields, Karl Hasselström and Daniel Barkalow. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
18 years ago
user-manual: revise birdseye-view chapter Some revisions suggested by Junio along with some minor style fixes and one compile fix (asterisks need escaping). Cc: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Note that terminology has changed since that revision. For example, the
README in that revision uses the word "changeset" to describe what we
now call a <<def_commit_object,commit>>.
Add a birdview-on-the-source-code section to the user manual In http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/42479, a birdview on the source code was requested. J. Bruce Fields suggested that my reply should be included in the user manual, and there was nothing of an outcry, so here it is, not 2 months later. It includes modifications as suggested by J. Bruce Fields, Karl Hasselström and Daniel Barkalow. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
18 years ago
user-manual: typo and grammar fixes Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
Also, we do not call it "cache" any more, but rather "index"; however, the
Add a birdview-on-the-source-code section to the user manual In http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/42479, a birdview on the source code was requested. J. Bruce Fields suggested that my reply should be included in the user manual, and there was nothing of an outcry, so here it is, not 2 months later. It includes modifications as suggested by J. Bruce Fields, Karl Hasselström and Daniel Barkalow. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
18 years ago
file is still called `cache.h`. Remark: Not much reason to change it now,
especially since there is no good single name for it anyway, because it is
basically _the_ header file which is included by _all_ of Git's C sources.
user-manual: revise birdseye-view chapter Some revisions suggested by Junio along with some minor style fixes and one compile fix (asterisks need escaping). Cc: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
If you grasp the ideas in that initial commit, you should check out a
more recent version and skim `cache.h`, `object.h` and `commit.h`.
Add a birdview-on-the-source-code section to the user manual In http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/42479, a birdview on the source code was requested. J. Bruce Fields suggested that my reply should be included in the user manual, and there was nothing of an outcry, so here it is, not 2 months later. It includes modifications as suggested by J. Bruce Fields, Karl Hasselström and Daniel Barkalow. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
18 years ago
In the early days, Git (in the tradition of UNIX) was a bunch of programs
which were extremely simple, and which you used in scripts, piping the
output of one into another. This turned out to be good for initial
development, since it was easier to test new things. However, recently
many of these parts have become builtins, and some of the core has been
"libified", i.e. put into libgit.a for performance, portability reasons,
and to avoid code duplication.
By now, you know what the index is (and find the corresponding data
structures in `cache.h`), and that there are just a couple of object types
(blobs, trees, commits and tags) which inherit their common structure from
`struct object`, which is their first member (and thus, you can cast e.g.
`(struct object *)commit` to achieve the _same_ as `&commit->object`, i.e.
get at the object name and flags).
Now is a good point to take a break to let this information sink in.
Next step: get familiar with the object naming. Read <<naming-commits>>.
There are quite a few ways to name an object (and not only revisions!).
All of these are handled in `sha1_name.c`. Just have a quick look at
the function `get_sha1()`. A lot of the special handling is done by
functions like `get_sha1_basic()` or the likes.
This is just to get you into the groove for the most libified part of Git:
the revision walker.
Documentation: more "git-" versus "git " changes With git-commands moving out of $(bindir), it is useful to make a clearer distinction between the git subcommand 'git-whatever' and the command you type, `git whatever <options>`. So we use a dash after "git" when referring to the former and not the latter. I already sent a patch doing this same thing, but I missed some spots. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
Basically, the initial version of `git-log` was a shell script:
Add a birdview-on-the-source-code section to the user manual In http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/42479, a birdview on the source code was requested. J. Bruce Fields suggested that my reply should be included in the user manual, and there was nothing of an outcry, so here it is, not 2 months later. It includes modifications as suggested by J. Bruce Fields, Karl Hasselström and Daniel Barkalow. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
18 years ago
----------------------------------------------------------------
$ git-rev-list --pretty $(git-rev-parse --default HEAD "$@") | \
LESS=-S ${PAGER:-less}
----------------------------------------------------------------
What does this mean?
`git-rev-list` is the original version of the revision walker, which
_always_ printed a list of revisions to stdout. It is still functional,
and needs to, since most new Git programs start out as scripts using
`git-rev-list`.
`git-rev-parse` is not as important any more; it was only used to filter out
options that were relevant for the different plumbing commands that were
called by the script.
Most of what `git-rev-list` did is contained in `revision.c` and
`revision.h`. It wraps the options in a struct named `rev_info`, which
controls how and what revisions are walked, and more.
The original job of `git-rev-parse` is now taken by the function
`setup_revisions()`, which parses the revisions and the common command line
options for the revision walker. This information is stored in the struct
`rev_info` for later consumption. You can do your own command line option
parsing after calling `setup_revisions()`. After that, you have to call
`prepare_revision_walk()` for initialization, and then you can get the
commits one by one with the function `get_revision()`.
If you are interested in more details of the revision walking process,
just have a look at the first implementation of `cmd_log()`; call
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
`git show v1.3.0{tilde}155^2{tilde}4` and scroll down to that function (note that you
Add a birdview-on-the-source-code section to the user manual In http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/42479, a birdview on the source code was requested. J. Bruce Fields suggested that my reply should be included in the user manual, and there was nothing of an outcry, so here it is, not 2 months later. It includes modifications as suggested by J. Bruce Fields, Karl Hasselström and Daniel Barkalow. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
18 years ago
no longer need to call `setup_pager()` directly).
Documentation: more "git-" versus "git " changes With git-commands moving out of $(bindir), it is useful to make a clearer distinction between the git subcommand 'git-whatever' and the command you type, `git whatever <options>`. So we use a dash after "git" when referring to the former and not the latter. I already sent a patch doing this same thing, but I missed some spots. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
Nowadays, `git-log` is a builtin, which means that it is _contained_ in the
Add a birdview-on-the-source-code section to the user manual In http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/42479, a birdview on the source code was requested. J. Bruce Fields suggested that my reply should be included in the user manual, and there was nothing of an outcry, so here it is, not 2 months later. It includes modifications as suggested by J. Bruce Fields, Karl Hasselström and Daniel Barkalow. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
18 years ago
command `git`. The source side of a builtin is
- a function called `cmd_<bla>`, typically defined in `builtin-<bla>.c`,
and declared in `builtin.h`,
- an entry in the `commands[]` array in `git.c`, and
- an entry in `BUILTIN_OBJECTS` in the `Makefile`.
Sometimes, more than one builtin is contained in one source file. For
example, `cmd_whatchanged()` and `cmd_log()` both reside in `builtin-log.c`,
since they share quite a bit of code. In that case, the commands which are
_not_ named like the `.c` file in which they live have to be listed in
`BUILT_INS` in the `Makefile`.
Documentation: more "git-" versus "git " changes With git-commands moving out of $(bindir), it is useful to make a clearer distinction between the git subcommand 'git-whatever' and the command you type, `git whatever <options>`. So we use a dash after "git" when referring to the former and not the latter. I already sent a patch doing this same thing, but I missed some spots. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
`git-log` looks more complicated in C than it does in the original script,
Add a birdview-on-the-source-code section to the user manual In http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/42479, a birdview on the source code was requested. J. Bruce Fields suggested that my reply should be included in the user manual, and there was nothing of an outcry, so here it is, not 2 months later. It includes modifications as suggested by J. Bruce Fields, Karl Hasselström and Daniel Barkalow. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
18 years ago
but that allows for a much greater flexibility and performance.
Here again it is a good point to take a pause.
Lesson three is: study the code. Really, it is the best way to learn about
the organization of Git (after you know the basic concepts).
So, think about something which you are interested in, say, "how can I
access a blob just knowing the object name of it?". The first step is to
find a Git command with which you can do it. In this example, it is either
Documentation: more "git-" versus "git " changes With git-commands moving out of $(bindir), it is useful to make a clearer distinction between the git subcommand 'git-whatever' and the command you type, `git whatever <options>`. So we use a dash after "git" when referring to the former and not the latter. I already sent a patch doing this same thing, but I missed some spots. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
`git-show` or `git-cat-file`.
Add a birdview-on-the-source-code section to the user manual In http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/42479, a birdview on the source code was requested. J. Bruce Fields suggested that my reply should be included in the user manual, and there was nothing of an outcry, so here it is, not 2 months later. It includes modifications as suggested by J. Bruce Fields, Karl Hasselström and Daniel Barkalow. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
18 years ago
Documentation: more "git-" versus "git " changes With git-commands moving out of $(bindir), it is useful to make a clearer distinction between the git subcommand 'git-whatever' and the command you type, `git whatever <options>`. So we use a dash after "git" when referring to the former and not the latter. I already sent a patch doing this same thing, but I missed some spots. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
For the sake of clarity, let's stay with `git-cat-file`, because it
Add a birdview-on-the-source-code section to the user manual In http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/42479, a birdview on the source code was requested. J. Bruce Fields suggested that my reply should be included in the user manual, and there was nothing of an outcry, so here it is, not 2 months later. It includes modifications as suggested by J. Bruce Fields, Karl Hasselström and Daniel Barkalow. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
18 years ago
- is plumbing, and
- was around even in the initial commit (it literally went only through
some 20 revisions as `cat-file.c`, was renamed to `builtin-cat-file.c`
when made a builtin, and then saw less than 10 versions).
So, look into `builtin-cat-file.c`, search for `cmd_cat_file()` and look what
it does.
------------------------------------------------------------------
git_config(git_default_config);
if (argc != 3)
usage("git-cat-file [-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>] <sha1>");
if (get_sha1(argv[2], sha1))
die("Not a valid object name %s", argv[2]);
------------------------------------------------------------------
Let's skip over the obvious details; the only really interesting part
here is the call to `get_sha1()`. It tries to interpret `argv[2]` as an
object name, and if it refers to an object which is present in the current
repository, it writes the resulting SHA-1 into the variable `sha1`.
Two things are interesting here:
- `get_sha1()` returns 0 on _success_. This might surprise some new
Git hackers, but there is a long tradition in UNIX to return different
manual: Fix or remove em dashes. em dashes were used inconsistently in the manual. This changes them to the way they are used in US English. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
negative numbers in case of different errors--and 0 on success.
Add a birdview-on-the-source-code section to the user manual In http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/42479, a birdview on the source code was requested. J. Bruce Fields suggested that my reply should be included in the user manual, and there was nothing of an outcry, so here it is, not 2 months later. It includes modifications as suggested by J. Bruce Fields, Karl Hasselström and Daniel Barkalow. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
18 years ago
- the variable `sha1` in the function signature of `get_sha1()` is `unsigned
user-manual: revise birdseye-view chapter Some revisions suggested by Junio along with some minor style fixes and one compile fix (asterisks need escaping). Cc: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
char \*`, but is actually expected to be a pointer to `unsigned
Add a birdview-on-the-source-code section to the user manual In http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/42479, a birdview on the source code was requested. J. Bruce Fields suggested that my reply should be included in the user manual, and there was nothing of an outcry, so here it is, not 2 months later. It includes modifications as suggested by J. Bruce Fields, Karl Hasselström and Daniel Barkalow. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
18 years ago
char[20]`. This variable will contain the 160-bit SHA-1 of the given
user-manual: revise birdseye-view chapter Some revisions suggested by Junio along with some minor style fixes and one compile fix (asterisks need escaping). Cc: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
commit. Note that whenever a SHA-1 is passed as `unsigned char \*`, it
Add a birdview-on-the-source-code section to the user manual In http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/42479, a birdview on the source code was requested. J. Bruce Fields suggested that my reply should be included in the user manual, and there was nothing of an outcry, so here it is, not 2 months later. It includes modifications as suggested by J. Bruce Fields, Karl Hasselström and Daniel Barkalow. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
18 years ago
is the binary representation, as opposed to the ASCII representation in
user-manual: revise birdseye-view chapter Some revisions suggested by Junio along with some minor style fixes and one compile fix (asterisks need escaping). Cc: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
hex characters, which is passed as `char *`.
Add a birdview-on-the-source-code section to the user manual In http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/42479, a birdview on the source code was requested. J. Bruce Fields suggested that my reply should be included in the user manual, and there was nothing of an outcry, so here it is, not 2 months later. It includes modifications as suggested by J. Bruce Fields, Karl Hasselström and Daniel Barkalow. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
18 years ago
You will see both of these things throughout the code.
Now, for the meat:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
case 0:
buf = read_object_with_reference(sha1, argv[1], &size, NULL);
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
This is how you read a blob (actually, not only a blob, but any type of
object). To know how the function `read_object_with_reference()` actually
works, find the source code for it (something like `git grep
read_object_with | grep ":[a-z]"` in the git repository), and read
the source.
To find out how the result can be used, just read on in `cmd_cat_file()`:
-----------------------------------
write_or_die(1, buf, size);
-----------------------------------
Sometimes, you do not know where to look for a feature. In many such cases,
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
it helps to search through the output of `git log`, and then `git-show` the
Add a birdview-on-the-source-code section to the user manual In http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/42479, a birdview on the source code was requested. J. Bruce Fields suggested that my reply should be included in the user manual, and there was nothing of an outcry, so here it is, not 2 months later. It includes modifications as suggested by J. Bruce Fields, Karl Hasselström and Daniel Barkalow. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
18 years ago
corresponding commit.
Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command <parameters>" in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
Example: If you know that there was some test case for `git-bundle`, but
Add a birdview-on-the-source-code section to the user manual In http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/42479, a birdview on the source code was requested. J. Bruce Fields suggested that my reply should be included in the user manual, and there was nothing of an outcry, so here it is, not 2 months later. It includes modifications as suggested by J. Bruce Fields, Karl Hasselström and Daniel Barkalow. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
18 years ago
do not remember where it was (yes, you _could_ `git grep bundle t/`, but that
does not illustrate the point!):
------------------------
$ git log --no-merges t/
------------------------
In the pager (`less`), just search for "bundle", go a few lines back,
and see that it is in commit 18449ab0... Now just copy this object name,
and paste it into the command line
-------------------
$ git show 18449ab0
-------------------
Voila.
Another example: Find out what to do in order to make some script a
builtin:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git log --no-merges --diff-filter=A builtin-*.c
-------------------------------------------------
You see, Git is actually the best tool to find out about the source of Git
itself!
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[glossary]]
Documentation: convert "glossary" and "core-tutorial" to man pages This patch renames the following documents and at the same time converts them to the man format: core-tutorial.txt -> gitcore-tutorial.txt glossary.txt -> gitglossary.txt But as the glossary is included in the user manual and as the new gitglossary man page cannot be included as a whole in the user manual, the actual glossary content is now in its own "glossary-content.txt" new file. And this file is included by both the user manual and the gitglossary man page. Other documents that reference the above ones are changed accordingly and sometimes improved a little too. Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
GIT Glossary
============
include::glossary-content.txt[]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: move quick-start to an appendix The quick start interrupts the flow of the manual a bit. Move it to "appendix A" but add a reference to it in the preface. Also rename the todo chapter to "appendix B", and revise the preface a little. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[git-quick-start]]
user-manual: quick-start updates Update text to reflect new position in appendix. Update the name to reflect the fact that this is closer to reference than tutorial documentation (as suggested by Jonas Fonseca). Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Appendix A: Git Quick Reference
===============================
user-manual: move quick-start to an appendix The quick start interrupts the flow of the manual a bit. Move it to "appendix A" but add a reference to it in the preface. Also rename the todo chapter to "appendix B", and revise the preface a little. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: quick-start updates Update text to reflect new position in appendix. Update the name to reflect the fact that this is closer to reference than tutorial documentation (as suggested by Jonas Fonseca). Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
This is a quick summary of the major commands; the previous chapters
explain how these work in more detail.
user-manual: move quick-start to an appendix The quick start interrupts the flow of the manual a bit. Move it to "appendix A" but add a reference to it in the preface. Also rename the todo chapter to "appendix B", and revise the preface a little. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[quick-creating-a-new-repository]]
Creating a new repository
-------------------------
From a tarball:
-----------------------------------------------
$ tar xzf project.tar.gz
$ cd project
$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
$ git add .
$ git commit
-----------------------------------------------
From a remote repository:
-----------------------------------------------
$ git clone git://example.com/pub/project.git
$ cd project
-----------------------------------------------
[[managing-branches]]
Managing branches
-----------------
-----------------------------------------------
$ git branch # list all local branches in this repo
$ git checkout test # switch working directory to branch "test"
$ git branch new # create branch "new" starting at current HEAD
$ git branch -d new # delete branch "new"
-----------------------------------------------
Fix some typos, punctuation, missing words, minor markup. Signed-off-by: Lars Hjemli <hjemli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
17 years ago
Instead of basing a new branch on current HEAD (the default), use:
user-manual: move quick-start to an appendix The quick start interrupts the flow of the manual a bit. Move it to "appendix A" but add a reference to it in the preface. Also rename the todo chapter to "appendix B", and revise the preface a little. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
-----------------------------------------------
$ git branch new test # branch named "test"
$ git branch new v2.6.15 # tag named v2.6.15
$ git branch new HEAD^ # commit before the most recent
$ git branch new HEAD^^ # commit before that
$ git branch new test~10 # ten commits before tip of branch "test"
-----------------------------------------------
Create and switch to a new branch at the same time:
-----------------------------------------------
$ git checkout -b new v2.6.15
-----------------------------------------------
Update and examine branches from the repository you cloned from:
-----------------------------------------------
$ git fetch # update
$ git branch -r # list
origin/master
origin/next
...
$ git checkout -b masterwork origin/master
-----------------------------------------------
Fetch a branch from a different repository, and give it a new
name in your repository:
-----------------------------------------------
$ git fetch git://example.com/project.git theirbranch:mybranch
$ git fetch git://example.com/project.git v2.6.15:mybranch
-----------------------------------------------
Keep a list of repositories you work with regularly:
-----------------------------------------------
$ git remote add example git://example.com/project.git
$ git remote # list remote repositories
example
origin
$ git remote show example # get details
* remote example
URL: git://example.com/project.git
Tracked remote branches
git-remote: list branches in vertical lists Previously, branches were listed on a single line in each section. But if there are many branches, then horizontal, line-wrapped lists are very inconvenient to scan for a human. This makes the lists vertical, i.e one branch per line is printed. Since "git remote" is porcelain, we can easily make this backwards-incompatible change. Signed-off-by: Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
16 years ago
master
next
...
user-manual: move quick-start to an appendix The quick start interrupts the flow of the manual a bit. Move it to "appendix A" but add a reference to it in the preface. Also rename the todo chapter to "appendix B", and revise the preface a little. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
$ git fetch example # update branches from example
$ git branch -r # list all remote branches
-----------------------------------------------
[[exploring-history]]
Exploring history
-----------------
-----------------------------------------------
$ gitk # visualize and browse history
$ git log # list all commits
$ git log src/ # ...modifying src/
$ git log v2.6.15..v2.6.16 # ...in v2.6.16, not in v2.6.15
$ git log master..test # ...in branch test, not in branch master
$ git log test..master # ...in branch master, but not in test
$ git log test...master # ...in one branch, not in both
$ git log -S'foo()' # ...where difference contain "foo()"
$ git log --since="2 weeks ago"
$ git log -p # show patches as well
$ git show # most recent commit
$ git diff v2.6.15..v2.6.16 # diff between two tagged versions
$ git diff v2.6.15..HEAD # diff with current head
$ git grep "foo()" # search working directory for "foo()"
$ git grep v2.6.15 "foo()" # search old tree for "foo()"
$ git show v2.6.15:a.txt # look at old version of a.txt
-----------------------------------------------
Search for regressions:
-----------------------------------------------
$ git bisect start
$ git bisect bad # current version is bad
$ git bisect good v2.6.13-rc2 # last known good revision
Bisecting: 675 revisions left to test after this
# test here, then:
$ git bisect good # if this revision is good, or
$ git bisect bad # if this revision is bad.
# repeat until done.
-----------------------------------------------
[[making-changes]]
Making changes
--------------
Make sure git knows who to blame:
------------------------------------------------
$ cat >>~/.gitconfig <<\EOF
[user]
name = Your Name Comes Here
email = you@yourdomain.example.com
EOF
------------------------------------------------
Select file contents to include in the next commit, then make the
commit:
-----------------------------------------------
$ git add a.txt # updated file
$ git add b.txt # new file
$ git rm c.txt # old file
$ git commit
-----------------------------------------------
Or, prepare and create the commit in one step:
-----------------------------------------------
$ git commit d.txt # use latest content only of d.txt
$ git commit -a # use latest content of all tracked files
-----------------------------------------------
[[merging]]
Merging
-------
-----------------------------------------------
$ git merge test # merge branch "test" into the current branch
$ git pull git://example.com/project.git master
# fetch and merge in remote branch
$ git pull . test # equivalent to git merge test
-----------------------------------------------
[[sharing-your-changes]]
Sharing your changes
--------------------
Importing or exporting patches:
-----------------------------------------------
$ git format-patch origin..HEAD # format a patch for each commit
# in HEAD but not in origin
$ git am mbox # import patches from the mailbox "mbox"
-----------------------------------------------
Fetch a branch in a different git repository, then merge into the
current branch:
-----------------------------------------------
$ git pull git://example.com/project.git theirbranch
-----------------------------------------------
Store the fetched branch into a local branch before merging into the
current branch:
-----------------------------------------------
$ git pull git://example.com/project.git theirbranch:mybranch
-----------------------------------------------
After creating commits on a local branch, update the remote
branch with your commits:
-----------------------------------------------
$ git push ssh://example.com/project.git mybranch:theirbranch
-----------------------------------------------
When remote and local branch are both named "test":
-----------------------------------------------
$ git push ssh://example.com/project.git test
-----------------------------------------------
Shortcut version for a frequently used remote repository:
-----------------------------------------------
$ git remote add example ssh://example.com/project.git
$ git push example test
-----------------------------------------------
[[repository-maintenance]]
Repository maintenance
----------------------
Check for corruption:
-----------------------------------------------
$ git fsck
-----------------------------------------------
Recompress, remove unused cruft:
-----------------------------------------------
$ git gc
-----------------------------------------------
user-manual: add section ID's Any section lacking an id gets an annoying warning when you build the manual. More seriously, the table of contents then generates volatile id's which change with every build, with the effect that we get URL's that change all the time. The ID's are manually generated and sometimes inconsistent, but that's OK. XXX: what to do about the preface? Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
[[todo]]
user-manual: move quick-start to an appendix The quick start interrupts the flow of the manual a bit. Move it to "appendix A" but add a reference to it in the preface. Also rename the todo chapter to "appendix B", and revise the preface a little. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Appendix B: Notes and todo list for this manual
===============================================
Documentation: expand preface and todo's Add a brief description of the organization to the preface, expand the final notes/todo's section, in hopes maybe some others will want to contribute. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
This is a work in progress.
The basic requirements:
user-manual: todo updates and cleanup Format a couple lists. Reminder that we may want to add submodule documentation some day.
18 years ago
- It must be readable in order, from beginning to end, by someone
intelligent with a basic grasp of the UNIX command line, but without
any special knowledge of git. If necessary, any other prerequisites
should be specifically mentioned as they arise.
- Whenever possible, section headings should clearly describe the task
they explain how to do, in language that requires no more knowledge
than necessary: for example, "importing patches into a project" rather
than "the git-am command"
Documentation: expand preface and todo's Add a brief description of the organization to the preface, expand the final notes/todo's section, in hopes maybe some others will want to contribute. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Documentation: begin discussion of git-remote in user manual Start discussion of git-remote. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Think about how to create a clear chapter dependency graph that will
allow people to get to important topics without necessarily reading
everything in between.
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Scan Documentation/ for other stuff left out; in particular:
user-manual: todo updates and cleanup Format a couple lists. Reminder that we may want to add submodule documentation some day.
18 years ago
- howto's
- some of technical/?
- hooks
Documentation: rename gitlink macro to linkgit Between AsciiDoc 8.2.2 and 8.2.3, the following change was made to the stock Asciidoc configuration: @@ -149,7 +153,10 @@ # Inline macros. # Backslash prefix required for escape processing. # (?s) re flag for line spanning. -(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>\w(\w|-)*?):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + +# Explicit so they can be nested. +(?su)[\\]?(?P<name>(http|https|ftp|file|mailto|callto|image|link)):(?P<target>\S*?)(\[(?P<attrlist>.*?)\])= + # Anchor: [[[id]]]. Bibliographic anchor. (?su)[\\]?\[\[\[(?P<attrlist>[\w][\w-]*?)\]\]\]=anchor3 # Anchor: [[id,xreflabel]] This default regex now matches explicit values, and unfortunately in this case gitlink was being matched by just 'link', causing the wrong inline macro template to be applied. By renaming the macro, we can avoid being matched by the wrong regex. Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dpmcgee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
- list of commands in linkgit:git[1]
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Scan email archives for other stuff left out
Scan man pages to see if any assume more background than this manual
provides.
user-manual: rewrap, fix heading levels Fix some heading levels that prevented compile; rewrap some stuff. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Simplify beginning by suggesting disconnected head instead of
user-manual: reorganize fetch discussion, add internals, etc. Keep git remote discussion in the first chapter, but postpone lower-level git fetch usage (to fetch individual branches) till later. Import a bunch of slightly modified text from the readme to give an architectural overview at the end. Add more discussion of history rewriting. And a bunch of other miscellaneous changes.... Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
temporary branch creation?
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
user-manual: rewrap, fix heading levels Fix some heading levels that prevented compile; rewrap some stuff. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Add more good examples. Entire sections of just cookbook examples
might be a good idea; maybe make an "advanced examples" section a
standard end-of-chapter section?
Documentation: add git user's manual The goals are: - Readable from beginning to end in order without having read any other git documentation beforehand. - Helpful section names and cross-references, so it's not too hard to skip around some if you need to. - Organized to allow it to grow much larger (unlike the tutorials) It's more liesurely than tutorial.txt, but tries to stay focused on practical how-to stuff. It adds a discussion of how to resolve merge conflicts, and partial instructions on setting up and dealing with a public repository. I've lifted a little bit from "branching and merging" (e.g., some of the discussion of history diagrams), and could probably steal more if that's OK. (Similarly anyone should of course feel free to reuse bits of this if any parts seem more useful than the whole.) There's a lot of detail on managing branches and using git-fetch, just because those are essential even to people needing read-only access (e.g., kernel testers). I think those sections will be much shorter once the new "git remote" command and the disconnected checkouts are taken into account. I do feel bad about adding yet another piece of documentation, but I we need something that goes through all the basics in a logical order, and I wasn't seeing how to grow the tutorials into that. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Include cross-references to the glossary, where appropriate.
user-manual: minor "TODO" updates I still really want a section on interoperability with CVS, subversion, etc., but I'm not getting around to it very fast, so just add this to the TODO section for now. And a few other minor todo updates. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Document shallow clones? See draft 1.5.0 release notes for some
documentation.
Assorted typo fixes Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
18 years ago
Add a section on working with other version control systems, including
user-manual: minor "TODO" updates I still really want a section on interoperability with CVS, subversion, etc., but I'm not getting around to it very fast, so just add this to the TODO section for now. And a few other minor todo updates. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
CVS, Subversion, and just imports of series of release tarballs.
user-manual: point to README for gitweb information I'd like complete gitweb setup instructions some day, but for now just refer to the gitweb README. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
More details on gitweb?
user-manual: todo's Update todo's. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Write a chapter on using plumbing and writing scripts.
Documentation: user-manual todo Some more user-manual todo's: how to share objects between repositories, how to recover. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
Alternates, clone -reference, etc.
user-manual: recovering from corruption Some instructions on dealing with corruption of the object database. Most of this text is from an example by Linus, identified by Nicolas Pitre <nico@cam.org> with a little further editing by me. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
18 years ago
More on recovery from repository corruption. See:
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=117263864820799&w=2
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=117147855503798&w=2