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gitattributes(5)
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================
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NAME
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----
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gitattributes - defining attributes per path
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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$GIT_DIR/info/attributes, .gitattributes
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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A `gitattributes` file is a simple text file that gives
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`attributes` to pathnames.
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Each line in `gitattributes` file is of form:
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pattern attr1 attr2 ...
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That is, a pattern followed by an attributes list,
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separated by whitespaces. When the pattern matches the
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path in question, the attributes listed on the line are given to
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the path.
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Each attribute can be in one of these states for a given path:
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Set::
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The path has the attribute with special value "true";
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this is specified by listing only the name of the
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attribute in the attribute list.
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Unset::
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The path has the attribute with special value "false";
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this is specified by listing the name of the attribute
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prefixed with a dash `-` in the attribute list.
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Set to a value::
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The path has the attribute with specified string value;
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this is specified by listing the name of the attribute
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followed by an equal sign `=` and its value in the
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attribute list.
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Unspecified::
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No pattern matches the path, and nothing says if
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the path has or does not have the attribute, the
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attribute for the path is said to be Unspecified.
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When more than one pattern matches the path, a later line
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overrides an earlier line. This overriding is done per
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attribute. The rules how the pattern matches paths are the
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same as in `.gitignore` files; see linkgit:gitignore[5].
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When deciding what attributes are assigned to a path, git
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consults `$GIT_DIR/info/attributes` file (which has the highest
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precedence), `.gitattributes` file in the same directory as the
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path in question, and its parent directories up to the toplevel of the
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work tree (the further the directory that contains `.gitattributes`
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is from the path in question, the lower its precedence).
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If you wish to affect only a single repository (i.e., to assign
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attributes to files that are particular to one user's workflow), then
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attributes should be placed in the `$GIT_DIR/info/attributes` file.
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Attributes which should be version-controlled and distributed to other
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repositories (i.e., attributes of interest to all users) should go into
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`.gitattributes` files.
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Sometimes you would need to override an setting of an attribute
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for a path to `unspecified` state. This can be done by listing
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the name of the attribute prefixed with an exclamation point `!`.
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EFFECTS
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-------
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Certain operations by git can be influenced by assigning
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particular attributes to a path. Currently, the following
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operations are attributes-aware.
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Checking-out and checking-in
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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These attributes affect how the contents stored in the
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repository are copied to the working tree files when commands
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such as 'git-checkout' and 'git-merge' run. They also affect how
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git stores the contents you prepare in the working tree in the
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repository upon 'git-add' and 'git-commit'.
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`crlf`
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^^^^^^
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This attribute controls the line-ending convention.
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Set::
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Setting the `crlf` attribute on a path is meant to mark
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the path as a "text" file. 'core.autocrlf' conversion
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takes place without guessing the content type by
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inspection.
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Unset::
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Unsetting the `crlf` attribute on a path tells git not to
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attempt any end-of-line conversion upon checkin or checkout.
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Unspecified::
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Unspecified `crlf` attribute tells git to apply the
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`core.autocrlf` conversion when the file content looks
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like text.
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Set to string value "input"::
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This is similar to setting the attribute to `true`, but
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also forces git to act as if `core.autocrlf` is set to
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`input` for the path.
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Any other value set to `crlf` attribute is ignored and git acts
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as if the attribute is left unspecified.
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The `core.autocrlf` conversion
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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If the configuration variable `core.autocrlf` is false, no
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conversion is done.
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When `core.autocrlf` is true, it means that the platform wants
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CRLF line endings for files in the working tree, and you want to
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convert them back to the normal LF line endings when checking
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in to the repository.
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When `core.autocrlf` is set to "input", line endings are
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converted to LF upon checkin, but there is no conversion done
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upon checkout.
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safecrlf: Add mechanism to warn about irreversible crlf conversions
CRLF conversion bears a slight chance of corrupting data.
autocrlf=true will convert CRLF to LF during commit and LF to
CRLF during checkout. A file that contains a mixture of LF and
CRLF before the commit cannot be recreated by git. For text
files this is the right thing to do: it corrects line endings
such that we have only LF line endings in the repository.
But for binary files that are accidentally classified as text the
conversion can corrupt data.
If you recognize such corruption early you can easily fix it by
setting the conversion type explicitly in .gitattributes. Right
after committing you still have the original file in your work
tree and this file is not yet corrupted. You can explicitly tell
git that this file is binary and git will handle the file
appropriately.
Unfortunately, the desired effect of cleaning up text files with
mixed line endings and the undesired effect of corrupting binary
files cannot be distinguished. In both cases CRLFs are removed
in an irreversible way. For text files this is the right thing
to do because CRLFs are line endings, while for binary files
converting CRLFs corrupts data.
This patch adds a mechanism that can either warn the user about
an irreversible conversion or can even refuse to convert. The
mechanism is controlled by the variable core.safecrlf, with the
following values:
- false: disable safecrlf mechanism
- warn: warn about irreversible conversions
- true: refuse irreversible conversions
The default is to warn. Users are only affected by this default
if core.autocrlf is set. But the current default of git is to
leave core.autocrlf unset, so users will not see warnings unless
they deliberately chose to activate the autocrlf mechanism.
The safecrlf mechanism's details depend on the git command. The
general principles when safecrlf is active (not false) are:
- we warn/error out if files in the work tree can modified in an
irreversible way without giving the user a chance to backup the
original file.
- for read-only operations that do not modify files in the work tree
we do not not print annoying warnings.
There are exceptions. Even though...
- "git add" itself does not touch the files in the work tree, the
next checkout would, so the safety triggers;
- "git apply" to update a text file with a patch does touch the files
in the work tree, but the operation is about text files and CRLF
conversion is about fixing the line ending inconsistencies, so the
safety does not trigger;
- "git diff" itself does not touch the files in the work tree, it is
often run to inspect the changes you intend to next "git add". To
catch potential problems early, safety triggers.
The concept of a safety check was originally proposed in a similar
way by Linus Torvalds. Thanks to Dimitry Potapov for insisting
on getting the naked LF/autocrlf=true case right.
Signed-off-by: Steffen Prohaska <prohaska@zib.de>
17 years ago
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If `core.safecrlf` is set to "true" or "warn", git verifies if
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the conversion is reversible for the current setting of
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`core.autocrlf`. For "true", git rejects irreversible
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conversions; for "warn", git only prints a warning but accepts
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an irreversible conversion. The safety triggers to prevent such
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a conversion done to the files in the work tree, but there are a
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few exceptions. Even though...
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- 'git-add' itself does not touch the files in the work tree, the
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safecrlf: Add mechanism to warn about irreversible crlf conversions
CRLF conversion bears a slight chance of corrupting data.
autocrlf=true will convert CRLF to LF during commit and LF to
CRLF during checkout. A file that contains a mixture of LF and
CRLF before the commit cannot be recreated by git. For text
files this is the right thing to do: it corrects line endings
such that we have only LF line endings in the repository.
But for binary files that are accidentally classified as text the
conversion can corrupt data.
If you recognize such corruption early you can easily fix it by
setting the conversion type explicitly in .gitattributes. Right
after committing you still have the original file in your work
tree and this file is not yet corrupted. You can explicitly tell
git that this file is binary and git will handle the file
appropriately.
Unfortunately, the desired effect of cleaning up text files with
mixed line endings and the undesired effect of corrupting binary
files cannot be distinguished. In both cases CRLFs are removed
in an irreversible way. For text files this is the right thing
to do because CRLFs are line endings, while for binary files
converting CRLFs corrupts data.
This patch adds a mechanism that can either warn the user about
an irreversible conversion or can even refuse to convert. The
mechanism is controlled by the variable core.safecrlf, with the
following values:
- false: disable safecrlf mechanism
- warn: warn about irreversible conversions
- true: refuse irreversible conversions
The default is to warn. Users are only affected by this default
if core.autocrlf is set. But the current default of git is to
leave core.autocrlf unset, so users will not see warnings unless
they deliberately chose to activate the autocrlf mechanism.
The safecrlf mechanism's details depend on the git command. The
general principles when safecrlf is active (not false) are:
- we warn/error out if files in the work tree can modified in an
irreversible way without giving the user a chance to backup the
original file.
- for read-only operations that do not modify files in the work tree
we do not not print annoying warnings.
There are exceptions. Even though...
- "git add" itself does not touch the files in the work tree, the
next checkout would, so the safety triggers;
- "git apply" to update a text file with a patch does touch the files
in the work tree, but the operation is about text files and CRLF
conversion is about fixing the line ending inconsistencies, so the
safety does not trigger;
- "git diff" itself does not touch the files in the work tree, it is
often run to inspect the changes you intend to next "git add". To
catch potential problems early, safety triggers.
The concept of a safety check was originally proposed in a similar
way by Linus Torvalds. Thanks to Dimitry Potapov for insisting
on getting the naked LF/autocrlf=true case right.
Signed-off-by: Steffen Prohaska <prohaska@zib.de>
17 years ago
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next checkout would, so the safety triggers;
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- 'git-apply' to update a text file with a patch does touch the files
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safecrlf: Add mechanism to warn about irreversible crlf conversions
CRLF conversion bears a slight chance of corrupting data.
autocrlf=true will convert CRLF to LF during commit and LF to
CRLF during checkout. A file that contains a mixture of LF and
CRLF before the commit cannot be recreated by git. For text
files this is the right thing to do: it corrects line endings
such that we have only LF line endings in the repository.
But for binary files that are accidentally classified as text the
conversion can corrupt data.
If you recognize such corruption early you can easily fix it by
setting the conversion type explicitly in .gitattributes. Right
after committing you still have the original file in your work
tree and this file is not yet corrupted. You can explicitly tell
git that this file is binary and git will handle the file
appropriately.
Unfortunately, the desired effect of cleaning up text files with
mixed line endings and the undesired effect of corrupting binary
files cannot be distinguished. In both cases CRLFs are removed
in an irreversible way. For text files this is the right thing
to do because CRLFs are line endings, while for binary files
converting CRLFs corrupts data.
This patch adds a mechanism that can either warn the user about
an irreversible conversion or can even refuse to convert. The
mechanism is controlled by the variable core.safecrlf, with the
following values:
- false: disable safecrlf mechanism
- warn: warn about irreversible conversions
- true: refuse irreversible conversions
The default is to warn. Users are only affected by this default
if core.autocrlf is set. But the current default of git is to
leave core.autocrlf unset, so users will not see warnings unless
they deliberately chose to activate the autocrlf mechanism.
The safecrlf mechanism's details depend on the git command. The
general principles when safecrlf is active (not false) are:
- we warn/error out if files in the work tree can modified in an
irreversible way without giving the user a chance to backup the
original file.
- for read-only operations that do not modify files in the work tree
we do not not print annoying warnings.
There are exceptions. Even though...
- "git add" itself does not touch the files in the work tree, the
next checkout would, so the safety triggers;
- "git apply" to update a text file with a patch does touch the files
in the work tree, but the operation is about text files and CRLF
conversion is about fixing the line ending inconsistencies, so the
safety does not trigger;
- "git diff" itself does not touch the files in the work tree, it is
often run to inspect the changes you intend to next "git add". To
catch potential problems early, safety triggers.
The concept of a safety check was originally proposed in a similar
way by Linus Torvalds. Thanks to Dimitry Potapov for insisting
on getting the naked LF/autocrlf=true case right.
Signed-off-by: Steffen Prohaska <prohaska@zib.de>
17 years ago
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in the work tree, but the operation is about text files and CRLF
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conversion is about fixing the line ending inconsistencies, so the
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safety does not trigger;
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- 'git-diff' itself does not touch the files in the work tree, it is
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often run to inspect the changes you intend to next 'git-add'. To
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safecrlf: Add mechanism to warn about irreversible crlf conversions
CRLF conversion bears a slight chance of corrupting data.
autocrlf=true will convert CRLF to LF during commit and LF to
CRLF during checkout. A file that contains a mixture of LF and
CRLF before the commit cannot be recreated by git. For text
files this is the right thing to do: it corrects line endings
such that we have only LF line endings in the repository.
But for binary files that are accidentally classified as text the
conversion can corrupt data.
If you recognize such corruption early you can easily fix it by
setting the conversion type explicitly in .gitattributes. Right
after committing you still have the original file in your work
tree and this file is not yet corrupted. You can explicitly tell
git that this file is binary and git will handle the file
appropriately.
Unfortunately, the desired effect of cleaning up text files with
mixed line endings and the undesired effect of corrupting binary
files cannot be distinguished. In both cases CRLFs are removed
in an irreversible way. For text files this is the right thing
to do because CRLFs are line endings, while for binary files
converting CRLFs corrupts data.
This patch adds a mechanism that can either warn the user about
an irreversible conversion or can even refuse to convert. The
mechanism is controlled by the variable core.safecrlf, with the
following values:
- false: disable safecrlf mechanism
- warn: warn about irreversible conversions
- true: refuse irreversible conversions
The default is to warn. Users are only affected by this default
if core.autocrlf is set. But the current default of git is to
leave core.autocrlf unset, so users will not see warnings unless
they deliberately chose to activate the autocrlf mechanism.
The safecrlf mechanism's details depend on the git command. The
general principles when safecrlf is active (not false) are:
- we warn/error out if files in the work tree can modified in an
irreversible way without giving the user a chance to backup the
original file.
- for read-only operations that do not modify files in the work tree
we do not not print annoying warnings.
There are exceptions. Even though...
- "git add" itself does not touch the files in the work tree, the
next checkout would, so the safety triggers;
- "git apply" to update a text file with a patch does touch the files
in the work tree, but the operation is about text files and CRLF
conversion is about fixing the line ending inconsistencies, so the
safety does not trigger;
- "git diff" itself does not touch the files in the work tree, it is
often run to inspect the changes you intend to next "git add". To
catch potential problems early, safety triggers.
The concept of a safety check was originally proposed in a similar
way by Linus Torvalds. Thanks to Dimitry Potapov for insisting
on getting the naked LF/autocrlf=true case right.
Signed-off-by: Steffen Prohaska <prohaska@zib.de>
17 years ago
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catch potential problems early, safety triggers.
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`ident`
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^^^^^^^
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When the attribute `ident` is set for a path, git replaces
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`$Id$` in the blob object with `$Id:`, followed by the
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40-character hexadecimal blob object name, followed by a dollar
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sign `$` upon checkout. Any byte sequence that begins with
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`$Id:` and ends with `$` in the worktree file is replaced
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with `$Id$` upon check-in.
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`filter`
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^^^^^^^^
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A `filter` attribute can be set to a string value that names a
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filter driver specified in the configuration.
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A filter driver consists of a `clean` command and a `smudge`
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command, either of which can be left unspecified. Upon
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checkout, when the `smudge` command is specified, the command is
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fed the blob object from its standard input, and its standard
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output is used to update the worktree file. Similarly, the
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`clean` command is used to convert the contents of worktree file
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upon checkin.
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A missing filter driver definition in the config is not an error
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but makes the filter a no-op passthru.
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The content filtering is done to massage the content into a
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shape that is more convenient for the platform, filesystem, and
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the user to use. The key phrase here is "more convenient" and not
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"turning something unusable into usable". In other words, the
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intent is that if someone unsets the filter driver definition,
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or does not have the appropriate filter program, the project
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should still be usable.
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Interaction between checkin/checkout attributes
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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In the check-in codepath, the worktree file is first converted
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with `filter` driver (if specified and corresponding driver
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defined), then the result is processed with `ident` (if
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specified), and then finally with `crlf` (again, if specified
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and applicable).
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In the check-out codepath, the blob content is first converted
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with `crlf`, and then `ident` and fed to `filter`.
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Generating diff text
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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`diff`
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^^^^^^
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The attribute `diff` affects how 'git' generates diffs for particular
|
|
|
|
|
files. It can tell git whether to generate a textual patch for the path
|
|
|
|
|
or to treat the path as a binary file. It can also affect what line is
|
|
|
|
|
shown on the hunk header `@@ -k,l +n,m @@` line, tell git to use an
|
|
|
|
|
external command to generate the diff, or ask git to convert binary
|
|
|
|
|
files to a text format before generating the diff.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Set::
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A path to which the `diff` attribute is set is treated
|
|
|
|
|
as text, even when they contain byte values that
|
|
|
|
|
normally never appear in text files, such as NUL.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unset::
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A path to which the `diff` attribute is unset will
|
|
|
|
|
generate `Binary files differ` (or a binary patch, if
|
|
|
|
|
binary patches are enabled).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unspecified::
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A path to which the `diff` attribute is unspecified
|
|
|
|
|
first gets its contents inspected, and if it looks like
|
|
|
|
|
text, it is treated as text. Otherwise it would
|
|
|
|
|
generate `Binary files differ`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
String::
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diff is shown using the specified diff driver. Each driver may
|
|
|
|
|
specify one or more options, as described in the following
|
|
|
|
|
section. The options for the diff driver "foo" are defined
|
|
|
|
|
by the configuration variables in the "diff.foo" section of the
|
|
|
|
|
git config file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Defining an external diff driver
|
|
|
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The definition of a diff driver is done in `gitconfig`, not
|
|
|
|
|
`gitattributes` file, so strictly speaking this manual page is a
|
|
|
|
|
wrong place to talk about it. However...
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To define an external diff driver `jcdiff`, add a section to your
|
|
|
|
|
`$GIT_DIR/config` file (or `$HOME/.gitconfig` file) like this:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
[diff "jcdiff"]
|
|
|
|
|
command = j-c-diff
|
|
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
When git needs to show you a diff for the path with `diff`
|
|
|
|
|
attribute set to `jcdiff`, it calls the command you specified
|
|
|
|
|
with the above configuration, i.e. `j-c-diff`, with 7
|
|
|
|
|
parameters, just like `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` program is called.
|
|
|
|
|
See linkgit:git[1] for details.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Defining a custom hunk-header
|
|
|
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Each group of changes (called a "hunk") in the textual diff output
|
|
|
|
|
is prefixed with a line of the form:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@@ -k,l +n,m @@ TEXT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This is called a 'hunk header'. The "TEXT" portion is by default a line
|
|
|
|
|
that begins with an alphabet, an underscore or a dollar sign; this
|
|
|
|
|
matches what GNU 'diff -p' output uses. This default selection however
|
|
|
|
|
is not suited for some contents, and you can use a customized pattern
|
|
|
|
|
to make a selection.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First, in .gitattributes, you would assign the `diff` attribute
|
|
|
|
|
for paths.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
*.tex diff=tex
|
|
|
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Then, you would define a "diff.tex.xfuncname" configuration to
|
|
|
|
|
specify a regular expression that matches a line that you would
|
|
|
|
|
want to appear as the hunk header "TEXT". Add a section to your
|
|
|
|
|
`$GIT_DIR/config` file (or `$HOME/.gitconfig` file) like this:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
[diff "tex"]
|
diff.*.xfuncname which uses "extended" regex's for hunk header selection
Currently, the hunk headers produced by 'diff -p' are customizable by
setting the diff.*.funcname option in the config file. The 'funcname' option
takes a basic regular expression. This functionality was designed using the
GNU regex library which, by default, allows using backslashed versions of
some extended regular expression operators, even in Basic Regular Expression
mode. For example, the following characters, when backslashed, are
interpreted according to the extended regular expression rules: ?, +, and |.
As such, the builtin funcname patterns were created using some extended
regular expression operators.
Other platforms which adhere more strictly to the POSIX spec do not
interpret the backslashed extended RE operators in Basic Regular Expression
mode. This causes the pattern matching for the builtin funcname patterns to
fail on those platforms.
Introduce a new option 'xfuncname' which uses extended regular expressions,
and advertise it _instead_ of funcname. Since most users are on GNU
platforms, the majority of funcname patterns are created and tested there.
Advertising only xfuncname should help to avoid the creation of non-portable
patterns which work with GNU regex but not elsewhere.
Additionally, the extended regular expressions may be less ugly and
complicated compared to the basic RE since many common special operators do
not need to be backslashed.
For example, the GNU Basic RE:
^[ ]*\\(\\(public\\|static\\).*\\)$
becomes the following Extended RE:
^[ ]*((public|static).*)$
Signed-off-by: Brandon Casey <casey@nrlssc.navy.mil>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
17 years ago
|
|
|
xfuncname = "^(\\\\(sub)*section\\{.*)$"
|
|
|
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note. A single level of backslashes are eaten by the
|
|
|
|
|
configuration file parser, so you would need to double the
|
|
|
|
|
backslashes; the pattern above picks a line that begins with a
|
|
|
|
|
backslash, and zero or more occurrences of `sub` followed by
|
|
|
|
|
`section` followed by open brace, to the end of line.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There are a few built-in patterns to make this easier, and `tex`
|
|
|
|
|
is one of them, so you do not have to write the above in your
|
|
|
|
|
configuration file (you still need to enable this with the
|
|
|
|
|
attribute mechanism, via `.gitattributes`). The following built in
|
|
|
|
|
patterns are available:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `bibtex` suitable for files with BibTeX coded references.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `cpp` suitable for source code in the C and C++ languages.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `html` suitable for HTML/XHTML documents.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `java` suitable for source code in the Java language.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `objc` suitable for source code in the Objective-C language.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `pascal` suitable for source code in the Pascal/Delphi language.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `php` suitable for source code in the PHP language.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `python` suitable for source code in the Python language.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `ruby` suitable for source code in the Ruby language.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `tex` suitable for source code for LaTeX documents.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Customizing word diff
|
|
|
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can customize the rules that `git diff --color-words` uses to
|
|
|
|
|
split words in a line, by specifying an appropriate regular expression
|
|
|
|
|
in the "diff.*.wordRegex" configuration variable. For example, in TeX
|
|
|
|
|
a backslash followed by a sequence of letters forms a command, but
|
|
|
|
|
several such commands can be run together without intervening
|
|
|
|
|
whitespace. To separate them, use a regular expression in your
|
|
|
|
|
`$GIT_DIR/config` file (or `$HOME/.gitconfig` file) like this:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
[diff "tex"]
|
|
|
|
|
wordRegex = "\\\\[a-zA-Z]+|[{}]|\\\\.|[^\\{}[:space:]]+"
|
|
|
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A built-in pattern is provided for all languages listed in the
|
|
|
|
|
previous section.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Performing text diffs of binary files
|
|
|
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sometimes it is desirable to see the diff of a text-converted
|
|
|
|
|
version of some binary files. For example, a word processor
|
|
|
|
|
document can be converted to an ASCII text representation, and
|
|
|
|
|
the diff of the text shown. Even though this conversion loses
|
|
|
|
|
some information, the resulting diff is useful for human
|
|
|
|
|
viewing (but cannot be applied directly).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The `textconv` config option is used to define a program for
|
|
|
|
|
performing such a conversion. The program should take a single
|
|
|
|
|
argument, the name of a file to convert, and produce the
|
|
|
|
|
resulting text on stdout.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For example, to show the diff of the exif information of a
|
|
|
|
|
file instead of the binary information (assuming you have the
|
|
|
|
|
exif tool installed), add the following section to your
|
|
|
|
|
`$GIT_DIR/config` file (or `$HOME/.gitconfig` file):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
[diff "jpg"]
|
|
|
|
|
textconv = exif
|
|
|
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NOTE: The text conversion is generally a one-way conversion;
|
|
|
|
|
in this example, we lose the actual image contents and focus
|
|
|
|
|
just on the text data. This means that diffs generated by
|
|
|
|
|
textconv are _not_ suitable for applying. For this reason,
|
|
|
|
|
only `git diff` and the `git log` family of commands (i.e.,
|
|
|
|
|
log, whatchanged, show) will perform text conversion. `git
|
|
|
|
|
format-patch` will never generate this output. If you want to
|
|
|
|
|
send somebody a text-converted diff of a binary file (e.g.,
|
|
|
|
|
because it quickly conveys the changes you have made), you
|
|
|
|
|
should generate it separately and send it as a comment _in
|
|
|
|
|
addition to_ the usual binary diff that you might send.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Performing a three-way merge
|
|
|
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`merge`
|
|
|
|
|
^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The attribute `merge` affects how three versions of a file is
|
|
|
|
|
merged when a file-level merge is necessary during `git merge`,
|
|
|
|
|
and other programs such as `git revert` and `git cherry-pick`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Set::
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Built-in 3-way merge driver is used to merge the
|
|
|
|
|
contents in a way similar to 'merge' command of `RCS`
|
|
|
|
|
suite. This is suitable for ordinary text files.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unset::
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Take the version from the current branch as the
|
|
|
|
|
tentative merge result, and declare that the merge has
|
|
|
|
|
conflicts. This is suitable for binary files that does
|
|
|
|
|
not have a well-defined merge semantics.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unspecified::
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
By default, this uses the same built-in 3-way merge
|
|
|
|
|
driver as is the case the `merge` attribute is set.
|
|
|
|
|
However, `merge.default` configuration variable can name
|
|
|
|
|
different merge driver to be used for paths to which the
|
|
|
|
|
`merge` attribute is unspecified.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
String::
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3-way merge is performed using the specified custom
|
|
|
|
|
merge driver. The built-in 3-way merge driver can be
|
|
|
|
|
explicitly specified by asking for "text" driver; the
|
|
|
|
|
built-in "take the current branch" driver can be
|
|
|
|
|
requested with "binary".
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Built-in merge drivers
|
|
|
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There are a few built-in low-level merge drivers defined that
|
|
|
|
|
can be asked for via the `merge` attribute.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
text::
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Usual 3-way file level merge for text files. Conflicted
|
|
|
|
|
regions are marked with conflict markers `<<<<<<<`,
|
|
|
|
|
`=======` and `>>>>>>>`. The version from your branch
|
|
|
|
|
appears before the `=======` marker, and the version
|
|
|
|
|
from the merged branch appears after the `=======`
|
|
|
|
|
marker.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
binary::
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Keep the version from your branch in the work tree, but
|
|
|
|
|
leave the path in the conflicted state for the user to
|
|
|
|
|
sort out.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
union::
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Run 3-way file level merge for text files, but take
|
|
|
|
|
lines from both versions, instead of leaving conflict
|
|
|
|
|
markers. This tends to leave the added lines in the
|
|
|
|
|
resulting file in random order and the user should
|
|
|
|
|
verify the result. Do not use this if you do not
|
|
|
|
|
understand the implications.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Defining a custom merge driver
|
|
|
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The definition of a merge driver is done in the `.git/config`
|
|
|
|
|
file, not in the `gitattributes` file, so strictly speaking this
|
|
|
|
|
manual page is a wrong place to talk about it. However...
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To define a custom merge driver `filfre`, add a section to your
|
|
|
|
|
`$GIT_DIR/config` file (or `$HOME/.gitconfig` file) like this:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
[merge "filfre"]
|
|
|
|
|
name = feel-free merge driver
|
|
|
|
|
driver = filfre %O %A %B
|
|
|
|
|
recursive = binary
|
|
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The `merge.*.name` variable gives the driver a human-readable
|
|
|
|
|
name.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The `merge.*.driver` variable's value is used to construct a
|
|
|
|
|
command to run to merge ancestor's version (`%O`), current
|
|
|
|
|
version (`%A`) and the other branches' version (`%B`). These
|
|
|
|
|
three tokens are replaced with the names of temporary files that
|
|
|
|
|
hold the contents of these versions when the command line is
|
|
|
|
|
built.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The merge driver is expected to leave the result of the merge in
|
|
|
|
|
the file named with `%A` by overwriting it, and exit with zero
|
|
|
|
|
status if it managed to merge them cleanly, or non-zero if there
|
|
|
|
|
were conflicts.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The `merge.*.recursive` variable specifies what other merge
|
|
|
|
|
driver to use when the merge driver is called for an internal
|
|
|
|
|
merge between common ancestors, when there are more than one.
|
|
|
|
|
When left unspecified, the driver itself is used for both
|
|
|
|
|
internal merge and the final merge.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Checking whitespace errors
|
|
|
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`whitespace`
|
|
|
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The `core.whitespace` configuration variable allows you to define what
|
|
|
|
|
'diff' and 'apply' should consider whitespace errors for all paths in
|
|
|
|
|
the project (See linkgit:git-config[1]). This attribute gives you finer
|
|
|
|
|
control per path.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Set::
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notice all types of potential whitespace errors known to git.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unset::
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Do not notice anything as error.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unspecified::
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Use the value of `core.whitespace` configuration variable to
|
|
|
|
|
decide what to notice as error.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
String::
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Specify a comma separate list of common whitespace problems to
|
|
|
|
|
notice in the same format as `core.whitespace` configuration
|
|
|
|
|
variable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Creating an archive
|
|
|
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`export-ignore`
|
|
|
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
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Files and directories with the attribute `export-ignore` won't be added to
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archive files.
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`export-subst`
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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If the attribute `export-subst` is set for a file then git will expand
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|
several placeholders when adding this file to an archive. The
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expansion depends on the availability of a commit ID, i.e., if
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|
linkgit:git-archive[1] has been given a tree instead of a commit or a
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|
tag then no replacement will be done. The placeholders are the same
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|
as those for the option `--pretty=format:` of linkgit:git-log[1],
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|
except that they need to be wrapped like this: `$Format:PLACEHOLDERS$`
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in the file. E.g. the string `$Format:%H$` will be replaced by the
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|
commit hash.
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|
Viewing files in GUI tools
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|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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`encoding`
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^^^^^^^^^^
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The value of this attribute specifies the character encoding that should
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|
be used by GUI tools (e.g. linkgit:gitk[1] and linkgit:git-gui[1]) to
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|
display the contents of the relevant file. Note that due to performance
|
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|
considerations linkgit:gitk[1] does not use this attribute unless you
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|
manually enable per-file encodings in its options.
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If this attribute is not set or has an invalid value, the value of the
|
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`gui.encoding` configuration variable is used instead
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|
(See linkgit:git-config[1]).
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|
USING ATTRIBUTE MACROS
|
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|
|
----------------------
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You do not want any end-of-line conversions applied to, nor textual diffs
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|
produced for, any binary file you track. You would need to specify e.g.
|
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|
------------
|
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|
|
*.jpg -crlf -diff
|
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|
|
------------
|
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|
|
but that may become cumbersome, when you have many attributes. Using
|
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|
|
attribute macros, you can specify groups of attributes set or unset at
|
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|
|
the same time. The system knows a built-in attribute macro, `binary`:
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
------------
|
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|
|
*.jpg binary
|
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
which is equivalent to the above. Note that the attribute macros can only
|
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|
|
be "Set" (see the above example that sets "binary" macro as if it were an
|
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|
|
ordinary attribute --- setting it in turn unsets "crlf" and "diff").
|
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|
|
DEFINING ATTRIBUTE MACROS
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Custom attribute macros can be defined only in the `.gitattributes` file
|
|
|
|
|
at the toplevel (i.e. not in any subdirectory). The built-in attribute
|
|
|
|
|
macro "binary" is equivalent to:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
|
[attr]binary -diff -crlf
|
|
|
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXAMPLE
|
|
|
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you have these three `gitattributes` file:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
(in $GIT_DIR/info/attributes)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
a* foo !bar -baz
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in .gitattributes)
|
|
|
|
|
abc foo bar baz
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in t/.gitattributes)
|
|
|
|
|
ab* merge=filfre
|
|
|
|
|
abc -foo -bar
|
|
|
|
|
*.c frotz
|
|
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
the attributes given to path `t/abc` are computed as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. By examining `t/.gitattributes` (which is in the same
|
|
|
|
|
directory as the path in question), git finds that the first
|
|
|
|
|
line matches. `merge` attribute is set. It also finds that
|
|
|
|
|
the second line matches, and attributes `foo` and `bar`
|
|
|
|
|
are unset.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. Then it examines `.gitattributes` (which is in the parent
|
|
|
|
|
directory), and finds that the first line matches, but
|
|
|
|
|
`t/.gitattributes` file already decided how `merge`, `foo`
|
|
|
|
|
and `bar` attributes should be given to this path, so it
|
|
|
|
|
leaves `foo` and `bar` unset. Attribute `baz` is set.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. Finally it examines `$GIT_DIR/info/attributes`. This file
|
|
|
|
|
is used to override the in-tree settings. The first line is
|
|
|
|
|
a match, and `foo` is set, `bar` is reverted to unspecified
|
|
|
|
|
state, and `baz` is unset.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As the result, the attributes assignment to `t/abc` becomes:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
foo set to true
|
|
|
|
|
bar unspecified
|
|
|
|
|
baz set to false
|
|
|
|
|
merge set to string value "filfre"
|
|
|
|
|
frotz unspecified
|
|
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GIT
|
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
|
