.TH DRACUT 8 "June 2009" "Linux" .SH NAME dracut \- create initial ramdisk images for preloading modules .SH SYNOPSIS \fBdracut\fR [\fIOPTION\fR]... \fI\fR \fI\fR .SH DESCRIPTION .B dracut creates an initial image used by the kernel for preloading the block device modules (such as IDE, SCSI or RAID) which are needed to access the root filesystem. .SS Options .TP .BR \-f ", " \-\-force overwrite existing initramfs file. .TP .BR \-m ", " \-\-modules " \fILIST\fR" specify a space-separated list of dracut modules to call when building the initramfs. Modules are located in .IR /usr/share/dracut/modules.d . .TP .BR \-o ", " \-\-omit " \fILIST\fR" omit a space-separated list of dracut modules. .TP .BR \-a ", " \-\-add " \fILIST\fR" add a space-separated list of dracut modules. .TP .BR \-d ", " \-\-drivers " \fILIST\fR" specify a space-separated list of kernel modules to exclusively include in the initramfs. The kernel modules have to be specified without the ".ko" suffix. .TP .BR \-\-add-drivers " \fILIST\fR" specify a space-separated list of kernel modules to add to the initramfs. The kernel modules have to be specified without the ".ko" suffix. .TP .BR \-\-filesystems " \fILIST\fR" specify a space-separated list of kernel filesystem modules to exclusively include in the generic initramfs. .TP .BR \-k ", " \-\-kmoddir " \fI{DIR}\fR specify the directory, where to look for kernel modules .TP .BR " \-\-fwdir " \fI{DIR}\fR specify additional directory, where to look for firmwares .TP .BR \-\-kernel-only only install kernel drivers and firmware files .TP .BR \-\-no-kernel do not install kernel drivers and firmware files .TP .BR \-\-mdadmconf include local /etc/mdadm.conf .TP .BR \-\-nomdadmconf do not include local /etc/mdadm.conf .TP .BR \-\-strip strip binaries in the initramfs (default) .TP .BR \-\-nostrip do not strip binaries in the initramfs .TP .BR \-h ", " \-\-help display help text and exit. .TP .B \-\-debug output debug information of the build process .TP .BR \-v ", " \-\-verbose verbose output during the build process .TP .BR \-c ", " \-\-conf " \fIFILE\fR" specify configuration file to use. Default: .IR /etc/dracut.conf .TP .BR \-\-confdir " \fIDIR\fR" specify configuration directory to use. Default: .IR /etc/dracut.conf.d .TP .BR \-l ", " \-\-local local mode. Use modules from the current working directory instead of the system-wide installed in .IR /usr/share/dracut/modules.d . Useful when running dracut from a git checkout. .TP .BR \-H ", " \-\-hostonly Host-Only mode: Install only what is needed for booting the local host instead of a generic host. .TP .BR \-i ", " \-\-include " \fISOURCE\fR" "" " \fITARGET\fR" include the files in the SOURCE directory into the target directory in the final initramfs. .TP .BR \-I ", " \-\-install " \fILIST\fR" install the space separated list of files into the initramfs. .SH "KERNEL COMMAND LINE" The root filesystem used by the kernel is specified in the boot configuration file, as always. The traditional \fBroot=/dev/hda1\fR style device specification is allowed. If a label is used, as in \fBroot=LABEL=rootPart\fR the initrd will search all available devices for an ext2 or ext3 filesystem with the appropriate label, and mount that device as the root filesystem. \fBroot=UUID=uuidnumber\fR will mount the partition with that UUID as the root filesystem. .SS Standard .TP .BR init= "" .TP .BR root= "" specify blockdevice to use as root filesystem. e.g. root=/dev/sda1 root=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1 .TP .BR rootfstype= "" "auto" if not specified, e.g. rootfstype=ext3 .TP .BR rootflags "=" specify additional mount options for the root filesystem. If not set, /etc/fstab of the real root will be parsed for special mount options and mounted accordingly. .TP .B rd_NO_FSTAB do not honor special mount options for the root filesystem found in /etc/fstab of the real root. .SS Misc .TP .BR rdblacklist= do not load kernel module This parameter can be specified multiple times. .TP .BR rdloaddriver= force loading kernel module This parameter can be specified multiple times. .SS Debug .TP .B rdinfo print informational output though "quiet" is set .TP .B rdshell allow dropping to a shell, if root mounting fails .TP .B rdinitdebug set -x for the dracut shell and logs to dmesg, console and /init.log .TP .B rdbreak drop to a shell at the end .TP .ad l .BR rdbreak= \%{cmdline\:|pre-udev\:|pre-trigger\:|initqueue\:|pre-mount\:|mount\:|pre-pivot} .ad drop to a shell on defined breakpoint .TP .B rdudevinfo set udev to loglevel info .TP .B rdudevdebug set udev to loglevel debug .TP .B rdnetdebug debug network scripts in dracut. Output is written to /tmp/ .SS I18N e.g. LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYTABLE=de-latin1-nodeadkeys .TP .BR KEYBOARDTYPE= sun|pc will be written to /etc/sysconfig/keyboard in the initramfs .TP .BR KEYTABLE= "" will be written to /etc/sysconfig/keyboard in the initramfs .TP .BR SYSFONT= "Console font" will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs .TP .BR SYSFONTACM= "Unicode font map" will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs .TP .BR UNIMAP= "Unicode font map" will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs .TP .BR LANG= will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs .SS LVM .TP .BR rd_NO_LVM disable LVM detection .TP .BR rd_LVM_VG= "" only activate the volume groups with the given name rd_LVM_VG can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. .TP .BR rd_LVM_LV= "" only activate the volume groups with the given name rd_LVM_LV can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. .TP .BR rd_NO_LVMCONF remove any /etc/lvm/lvm.conf, which may exist in the initramfs .SS "crypto LUKS" .TP .BR rd_NO_LUKS disable crypto LUKS detection .TP .BR rd_LUKS_UUID= "" only activate the LUKS partitions with the given UUID Any "luks-" of the LUKS UUID is removed before comparing to . The comparisons also matches, if is only the beginning of the LUKS UUID, so you don't have to specify the full UUID. This parameter can be specified multiple times. .TP .BR rd_NO_CRYPTTAB do not check, if LUKS partition is in /etc/crypttab .SS MD .TP .BR rd_NO_MD disable MD RAID detection .TP .BR rd_NO_MDIMSM no MD RAID for imsm/isw raids, use dmraid instead .TP .BR rd_NO_MDADMCONF ignore mdadm.conf included in initramfs .TP .BR rd_MD_UUID= "" only activate the raid sets with the given UUID. This parameter can be specified multiple times. .SS DMRAID .TP .BR rd_NO_DM disable DM RAID detection .TP .BR rd_DM_UUID= "" only activate the raid sets with the given UUID. This parameter can be specified multiple times. .SS Network .TP .BR ip= {dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6} dhcp|on|any: get ip from dhcp server from all interfaces. If root=dhcp, loop sequentially through all interfaces (eth0, eth1, ...) and use the first with a valid DHCP root-path. auto6: do IPv6 autoconfiguration .TP .BR ip= :{dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6} dhcp|on|any|dhcp6: get ip from dhcp server on a specific interface auto6: do IPv6 autoconfiguration This parameter can be specified multiple times. .TP .ad l .BR ip= "\%\::[]\::\::\::\::\::{none|off}" .ad explicit network configuration. If you want do define a IPv6 address, put it in brackets (e.g. [2001:DB8::1]). This parameter can be specified multiple times. .TP .BR ifname= : Assign network device name (ie eth0) to the NIC with MAC . Note letters in the MAC-address must be lowercase! Note that if you use this option you \fBmust\fR specify an ifname= argument for all interfaces used in ip= or fcoe= arguments This parameter can be specified multiple times. .TP .BR bootdev= specify network interface to use routing and netroot information from. Required if multiple ip= lines are used. .TP .BR nameserver= " [nameserver= ...]" specify nameserver(s) to use .SS NFS .TP .BR root= "[:][:]" mount nfs share from :/, if no server-ip is given, use dhcp next_server. NFS options can be appended with the prefix ":" or "," and are seperated by ",". .TP .BR root= "nfs:[:][:]" .TP .BR root= "nfs4:[:][:]" .TP .BR root= dhcp|dhcp6 root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NFS options can be specified. root-path=:[,] root-path=nfs::[,] root-path=nfs4::[,] .TP .BR root= /dev/nfs " nfsroot=" "[:][,]" \fBDeprecated!\fR kernel Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt defines this method. This is supported by dracut but not recommended. .TP .BR rd_NFS_DOMAIN= "" Set the NFSv4 domain name. Will overwrite the settings in /etc/idmap.conf. .SS iSCSI .TP .ad l .BR root= "\%iscsi:[username:password\:[:reverse:password]@]\:[]\::[]\::[]\::[]\::" .ad protocol defaults to "6", LUN defaults to "0". If the "servername" field is provided by BOOTP or DHCP, then that field is used in conjunction with other associated fields to contact the boot server in the Boot stage (Section 7). However, if the "servername" field is not provided, then the "targetname" field is then used in the Discovery Service stage in conjunction with other associated fields. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4173 .TP .ad l .BR root= "\%iscsi:[username:password\:[:reverse:password]@]\:[]\::[]\::[]\::[]\::" .ad e.g. root=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0 .TP .ad l .BR root= ??? " netroot=" "\%iscsi:[username:password[:reverse:password]@]\:[]\::[]\::[]\::[]\:: ..." .ad multiple netroot options allow setting up multiple iscsi disks .B Not yet implemented! e.g. root=UUID=12424547 netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0 netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target1 .TP .ad l .BR \%root= \%??? " \%iscsi_initiator=" \% " \%iscsi_target_name=" "" " \%iscsi_target_ip=" "" " \%iscsi_target_port=" "" " \%iscsi_target_group=" "" " \%iscsi_username=" "" " \%iscsi_password=" " \%iscsi_in_username=" "" " \%iscsi_in_password=" "" .ad manually specify all iscsistart parameter (see \fIiscsistart\ --help\fR) .TP .BR root= ??? " iscsi_firmware" will read the iscsi parameter from the BIOS firmware .SS FCoE .TP .BR netroot= fcoe:: Try to connect to a FCoE SAN through the NIC specified by or , for the second argument, currently only nodcb is supported. Note letters in the MAC-address must be lowercase! .SS NBD .TP .BR root= nbd::[:][:] mount nbd share from .TP .BR root= dhcp with dhcp root-path=nbd::[:][:] root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NBD options can be specified. This syntax is only usable in cases where you are directly mounting the volume as the rootfs. .SS DASD .TP .BR rd_DASD_MOD= .... same syntax as the kernel module parameter (s390 only) .TP .ad l .BR rd_DASD= "\%\:[,readonly=X]\:[,use_diag=X]\:[,erplog=X]\:[,failfast=X]" .ad activate DASD device with the given adaptor device bus ID and setting the sysfs attributes to the specified values This parameter can be specified multiple times. .SS ZFCP .TP .BR rd_ZFCP= ",\:,\:" rd_ZFCP can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. example: rd_ZFCP=0.0.4000,0x5005076300C213e9,0x5022000000000000 .TP .BR rd_NO_ZFCPCONF ignore zfcp.conf included in the initramfs .SS CCW .TP .BR rd_CCW= ",," rd_CCW can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. Examples: rd_CCW=qeth,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602,layer2=1,portname=foo rd_CCW=ctc,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602,protocol=bar .SS "Plymouth Boot Splash" .TP .BR rd_NO_PLYMOUTH do not start plymouth. This will not work with encrypted partitions. .SH FILES .TP .B /var/log/dracut.log .TP .B /tmp/dracut.log see \fBdracut.conf\fR(5) .TP .B /etc/dracut.conf .SS "Configuration in the Initramfs" .TP .B /conf/conf.d/ Any files found in /conf/conf.d/ will be sourced in the initramfs to set initial values. Command line options will override these values set in the configuration files. .TP .B /etc/cmdline Can contain additional command line options. .SH AUTHORS .nf Harald Hoyer Victor Lowther Warren Togami Jeremy Katz Philippe Seewer David Dillow .fi .SH AVAILABILITY The dracut command is part of the dracut package and is available from http://sourceforge.net/apps/trac/dracut/wiki .SH SEE ALSO .BR dracut.conf (5)