dracut.usage.asc: update man page
- clarify grub2 config for debugging - clarify hostonly mode
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@ -37,10 +37,14 @@ the --hostonly or -H option. Using this option, the resulting image will
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contain only those dracut modules, kernel modules and filesystems, which are
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needed to boot this specific machine. This has the drawback, that you can't put
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the disk on another controller or machine, and that you can't switch to another
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root filesystem, without recreating the initramfs image. The usage of the
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--hostonly option is only for experts and you will have to keep the broken
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pieces. At least keep a copy of a general purpose image (and corresponding
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kernel) as a fallback to rescue your system.
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root filesystem, without recreating the initramfs image.
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[NOTE]
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===============================
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On RHEL-7 the hostonly mode is the default mode. Generic "non-hostonly" images
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are created, if the dracut-config-generic rpm is installed. The rescue kernel
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entry in the bootloader menu is also a generic image.
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===============================
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=== Inspecting the Contents
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To see the contents of the image created by dracut, you can use the lsinitrd
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@ -99,8 +103,9 @@ raid with encryption and LVM on top), as long as you specify the correct
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filesystem LABEL or UUID on the kernel command line for your root device, dracut
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will find it and boot from it.
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The kernel command line usually can be configured in _/boot/grub2/grub.cfg_, if
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grub is your bootloader and it also can be edited in the real boot process in
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The kernel command line usually can be configured in _/boot/grub2/grub.cfg_
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(or _/boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grub.cfg_ for EFI systems), if
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grub2 is your bootloader and it also can be edited in the real boot process in
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the grub menu.
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The kernel command line can also be provided by the dhcp server with the
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@ -325,7 +330,8 @@ stick and mount that. Then you can store the output for later inspection.
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In all cases, the following should be mentioned and attached to your bug report:
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* The exact kernel command-line used. Typically from the bootloader
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configuration file (e.g. _/boot/grub2/grub.cfg_) or from _/proc/cmdline_.
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configuration file (e.g. _/boot/grub2/grub.cfg_ (or _/boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grub.cfg_ for EFI systems))
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or from _/proc/cmdline_.
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* A copy of your disk partition information from _/etc/fstab_, which might be
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obtained booting an old working initramfs or a rescue medium.
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* Turn on dracut debugging (see _the 'debugging dracut' section_), and attach
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@ -359,49 +365,17 @@ Successfully debugging dracut will require some form of console
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logging during the system boot. This section documents configuring a
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serial console connection to record boot messages.
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. First, enable serial console output for both the kernel and the bootloader.
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. Open the file _/boot/grub2/grub.cfg_ for editing. Below the line ''timeout=5'', add
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the following:
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+
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----
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serial --unit=0 --speed=9600
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terminal --timeout=5 serial console
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----
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+
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. Also in _/boot/grub2/grub.cfg_, add the following boot arguemnts to the ''kernel''
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. In _/boot/grub2/grub.cfg_ (or _/boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grub.cfg_ for EFI systems),
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add the following boot arguments to the ''linux16''
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line:
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+
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----
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console=tty0 console=ttyS0,9600
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----
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+
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. When finished, the _/boot/grub2/grub.cfg_ file should look similar to the example
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below.
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+
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----
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default=0
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timeout=5
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serial --unit=0 --speed=9600
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terminal --timeout=5 serial console
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title Fedora (2.6.29.5-191.fc11.x86_64)
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root (hd0,0)
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kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.29.5-191.fc11.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_uc1-lv_root console=tty0 console=ttyS0,9600
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initrd /dracut-2.6.29.5-191.fc11.x86_64.img
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----
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+
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. More detailed information on how to configure the kernel for console output
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can be found at
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http://www.faqs.org/docs/Linux-HOWTO/Remote-Serial-Console-HOWTO.html#CONFIGURE-KERNEL.
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. Redirecting non-interactive output
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+
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--
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NOTE: You can redirect all non-interactive output to _/dev/kmsg_ and the kernel
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will put it out on the console when it reaches the kernel buffer by doing
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----
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# exec >/dev/kmsg 2>&1 </dev/console
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----
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--
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[[using-the-dracut-shell]]
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==== Using the dracut shell
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@ -410,20 +384,18 @@ dracut offers a shell for interactive debugging in the event dracut fails to
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locate your root filesystem. To enable the shell:
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. Add the boot parameter ''rd.shell'' to your bootloader configuration file
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(e.g. _/boot/grub2/grub.cfg_)
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(e.g. _/boot/grub2/grub.cfg_ (or _/boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grub.cfg_ for EFI systems))
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. Remove the boot arguments ''rhgb'' and ''quiet''
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+
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A sample _/boot/grub2/grub.cfg_ bootloader configuration file is listed below.
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A sample _grub.cfg_ bootloader configuration file snippet is listed below.
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+
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----
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default=0
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timeout=5
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serial --unit=0 --speed=9600
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terminal --timeout=5 serial console
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title Fedora (2.6.29.5-191.fc11.x86_64)
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root (hd0,0)
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kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.29.5-191.fc11.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_uc1-lv_root console=tty0 rd.shell
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initrd /dracut-2.6.29.5-191.fc11.x86_64.img
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menuentry 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (3.10.0-308.el7.x86_64) 7.0 (Maipo)' […] {
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[…]
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linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-308.el7.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_uc1-lv_root console=tty0 rd.shell
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initrd16 /initramfs-3.10.0-308.el7.x86_64.img
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[…]
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}
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----
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+
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. If system boot fails, you will be dropped into a shell as seen in the example
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