docs(development): add HACKING.md
Merge HACKING, README.modules, README.testsuite into HACKING.md. Provide a new paragraph about git commit messages.master
Harald Hoyer
Harald Hoyer
parent
e473057ae1
commit
1ed4b9f100
23
HACKING
23
HACKING
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@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
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Right now, most of the testing is done using a qemu/kvm guest and
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generating the initramfs on another box but the support is all present
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to build for the "running" machine. For the former, you can boot the guest
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using qemu's -kernel and -initrd options.
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dracut exists and will build an image. It is command-line equivalent
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to most mkinitrd implementations and should be pretty straight-forward
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to use.
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To use, just run dracut with an output file name and, optionally, a
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kernel version (it defaults to using the current). The appropriate
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modules will be copied over and things should be good to go. If you'd
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like to customize the list of modules copied in, edit /etc/dracut.conf
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and set
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dracutmodules="foo bar baz"
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Note that dracut calls functional components in modules.d "modules"
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while kernel modules are called "drivers".
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Requirements:
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* udev
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* nfs module: nfs daemon and rpc helper
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* iscsi: iscsi
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@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
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# Dracut Developer Guidelines
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## git
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Currently dracut lives on github.com and kernel.org.
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* https://github.com/dracutdevs/dracut.git
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* https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/boot/dracut/dracut.git
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Pull requests should be filed preferably on github nowadays.
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### Commit Messages
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Commit messages should answer these questions:
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* What?: a short summary of what you changed in the subject line.
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* Why?: what the intended outcome of the change is (arguably the most important piece of information that should go into a message).
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* How?: if multiple approaches for achieving your goal were available, you also want to explain why you chose the used implementation strategy.
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Note that you should not explain how your change achieves your goal in your commit message.
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That should be obvious from the code itself.
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If you cannot achieve that clarity with the used programming language, use comments within the code instead.
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The commit message is primarily the place for documenting the why.
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Commit message titles should follow [Conventional Commits](https://www.conventionalcommits.org/en/v1.0.0/).
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Format is `<type>[optional scope]: <description>`, where `type` is one of:
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* fix: A bug fix
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* feat: A new feature
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* perf: A code change that improves performance
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* refactor: A code change that neither fixes a bug nor adds a feature
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* style: Changes that do not affect the meaning of the code (white-space, formatting, missing semi-colons, etc)
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* test: Adding missing tests or correcting existing tests
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* docs: Documentation only changes
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* revert: Reverts a previous commit
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* chore: Other changes that don't modify src or test files
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* build: Changes that affect the build system or external dependencies (example scopes: gulp, broccoli, npm)
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* ci: Changes to our CI configuration files and scripts (example scopes: Travis, Circle, BrowserStack, SauceLabs)
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`scope` should be the module name (without numbers) or:
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* cli: for the dracut command line interface
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* rt: for the dracut initramfs runtime logic
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* functions: for general purpose dracut functions
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Commit messages are checked with [Commisery](https://github.com/tomtom-international/commisery).
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## Writing modules
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Some general rules for writing modules:
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* Use one of the inst family of functions to actually install files
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on to the initramfs. They handle mangling the pathnames and (for binaries,
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scripts, and kernel modules) installing dependencies as appropriate so
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you do not have to.
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* Scripts that end up on the initramfs should be POSIX compliant. dracut
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will try to use /bin/dash as /bin/sh for the initramfs if it is available,
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so you should install it on your system -- dash aims for strict POSIX
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compliance to the extent possible.
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* Hooks MUST be POSIX compliant -- they are sourced by the init script,
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and having a bashism break your user's ability to boot really sucks.
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* Generator modules should have a two digit numeric prefix -- they run in
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ascending sort order. Anything in the 90-99 range is stuff that dracut
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relies on, so try not to break those hooks.
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* Hooks must have a .sh extension.
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* Generator modules are described in more detail later on.
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* We have some breakpoints for debugging your hooks. If you pass 'rdbreak'
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as a kernel parameter, the initramfs will drop to a shell just before
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switching to a new root. You can pass 'rdbreak=hookpoint', and the initramfs
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will break just before hooks in that hookpoint run.
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Also, there is an attempt to keep things as distribution-agnostic as
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possible. Every distribution has their own tool here and it's not
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something which is really interesting to have separate across them.
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So contributions to help decrease the distro-dependencies are welcome.
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Most of the functionality that dracut implements are actually implemented
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by dracut modules. dracut modules live in modules.d, and have the following
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structure:
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```
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dracut_install_dir/modules.d/
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00modname/
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module-setup.sh
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check
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<other files as needed by the hook>
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```
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`00modname`: The name of the module prefixed by a two-digit numeric sort code.
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The numeric code must be present and in the range of 00 - 99.
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Modules with lower numbers are installed first. This is important
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because the dracut install functions (which install files onto
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the initrd) refuse to overwrite already installed files. This makes
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it easy for an earlier module to override the functionality of a
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later module, so that you can have a distro or system specific
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module override or modify the functionality of a generic module
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without having to patch the more generic module.
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`module-setup.sh`:
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dracut sources this script to install the functionality that a
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module implements onto the initrd. For the most part, this amounts
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to copying files from the host system onto the initrd in a controlled
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manner.
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`install()`:
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This function of module-setup.sh is called to install all
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non-kernel files. dracut supplies several install functions that are
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specialized for different file types. Browse through dracut-functions
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fore more details. dracut also provides a $moddir variable if you
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need to install a file from the module directory, such as an initrd
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hook, a udev rule, or a specialized executable.
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`installkernel()`:
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This function of module-setup.sh is called to install all
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kernel related files.
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`check()`:
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dracut calls this function to check and see if a module can be installed
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on the initrd.
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When called without options, check should check to make sure that
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any files it needs to install into the initrd from the host system
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are present. It should exit with a 0 if they are, and a 1 if they are
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not.
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When called with $hostonly set, it should perform the same check
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that it would without it set, and it should also check to see if the
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functionality the module implements is being used on the host system.
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For example, if this module handles installing support for LUKS
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encrypted volumes, it should return 0 if all the tools to handle
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encrpted volumes are available and the host system has the root
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partition on an encrypted volume, 1 otherwise.
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`depends()`:
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This function should output a list of dracut modules
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that it relies upon. An example would be the nfs and iscsi modules,
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which rely on the network module to detect and configure network
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interfaces.
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Any other files in the module will not be touched by dracut directly.
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You are encouraged to provide a README that describes what the module is for.
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### Hooks
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init has the following hook points to inject scripts:
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`/lib/dracut/hooks/cmdline/*.sh`
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scripts for command line parsing
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`/lib/dracut/hooks/pre-udev/*.sh`
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scripts to run before udev is started
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`/lib/dracut/hooks/pre-trigger/*.sh`
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scripts to run before the main udev trigger is pulled
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`/lib/dracut/hooks/initqueue/*.sh`
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runs in parallel to the udev trigger
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Udev events can add scripts here with /sbin/initqueue.
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If /sbin/initqueue is called with the "--onetime" option, the script
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will be removed after it was run.
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If /lib/dracut/hooks/initqueue/work is created and udev >= 143 then
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this loop can process the jobs in parallel to the udevtrigger.
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If the udev queue is empty and no root device is found or no root
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filesystem was mounted, the user will be dropped to a shell after
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a timeout.
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Scripts can remove themselves from the initqueue by "rm $job".
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`/lib/dracut/hooks/pre-mount/*.sh`
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scripts to run before the root filesystem is mounted
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Network filesystems like NFS that do not use device files are an
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exception. Root can be mounted already at this point.
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`/lib/dracut/hooks/mount/*.sh`
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scripts to mount the root filesystem
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If the udev queue is empty and no root device is found or no root
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filesystem was mounted, the user will be dropped to a shell after
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a timeout.
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`/lib/dracut/hooks/pre-pivot/*.sh`
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scripts to run before latter initramfs cleanups
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`/lib/dracut/hooks/cleanup/*.sh`
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scripts to run before the real init is executed and the initramfs
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disappears
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All processes started before should be killed here.
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## Testsuite
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For the testsuite to work, you will have to install at least the following software packages:
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```
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dash \
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asciidoc \
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mdadm \
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lvm2 \
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dmraid \
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cryptsetup \
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nfs-utils \
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nbd \
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dhcp-server \
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scsi-target-utils \
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iscsi-initiator-utils \
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strace \
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syslinux \
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python-imgcreate \
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genisoimage \
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btrfs-progs \
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kmod-devel \
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gcc \
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bzip2 \
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xz \
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tar \
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wget \
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rpm-build \
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${NULL}
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```
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How to run the testsuite:
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```
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$ sudo make clean check
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```
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in verbose mode:
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```
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$ sudo make V=1 clean check
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```
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only specific test:
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```
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$ sudo make TESTS="01 20 40" clean check
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```
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only runs the 01, 20 and 40 tests.
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debug a specific test case:
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```
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$ cd TEST-01-BASIC
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$ sudo make clean setup run
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```
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... change some kernel parameters ...
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```
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$ sudo make run
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```
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to run the test without doing the setup
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42
README.md
42
README.md
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ dracut
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dracut is an event driven initramfs infrastructure.
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dracut is an event driven initramfs infrastructure.
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[](.github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)
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[](.github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)
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[](https://travis-ci.org/dracutdevs/dracut)
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[](https://travis-ci.org/dracutdevs/dracut)
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[](https://github.com/dracutdevs/dracut/actions?query=workflow%3AFedora-31)
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[](https://github.com/dracutdevs/dracut/actions?query=workflow%3AFedora-31)
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[](https://github.com/dracutdevs/dracut/actions?query=workflow%3AFedora-32)
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[](https://github.com/dracutdevs/dracut/actions?query=workflow%3AFedora-32)
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@ -29,32 +29,6 @@ specific functionality into the initramfs. They live in the modules.d
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subdirectory, and use functionality provided by dracut-functions to do their
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subdirectory, and use functionality provided by dracut-functions to do their
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work.
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work.
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|
|
||||||
Some general rules for writing modules:
|
|
||||||
* Use one of the inst family of functions to actually install files
|
|
||||||
on to the initramfs. They handle mangling the pathnames and (for binaries,
|
|
||||||
scripts, and kernel modules) installing dependencies as appropriate so
|
|
||||||
you do not have to.
|
|
||||||
* Scripts that end up on the initramfs should be POSIX compliant. dracut
|
|
||||||
will try to use /bin/dash as /bin/sh for the initramfs if it is available,
|
|
||||||
so you should install it on your system -- dash aims for strict POSIX
|
|
||||||
compliance to the extent possible.
|
|
||||||
* Hooks MUST be POSIX compliant -- they are sourced by the init script,
|
|
||||||
and having a bashism break your user's ability to boot really sucks.
|
|
||||||
* Generator modules should have a two digit numeric prefix -- they run in
|
|
||||||
ascending sort order. Anything in the 90-99 range is stuff that dracut
|
|
||||||
relies on, so try not to break those hooks.
|
|
||||||
* Hooks must have a .sh extension.
|
|
||||||
* Generator modules are described in more detail in README.modules.
|
|
||||||
* We have some breakpoints for debugging your hooks. If you pass 'rdbreak'
|
|
||||||
as a kernel parameter, the initramfs will drop to a shell just before
|
|
||||||
switching to a new root. You can pass 'rdbreak=hookpoint', and the initramfs
|
|
||||||
will break just before hooks in that hookpoint run.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Also, there is an attempt to keep things as distribution-agnostic as
|
|
||||||
possible. Every distribution has their own tool here and it's not
|
|
||||||
something which is really interesting to have separate across them.
|
|
||||||
So contributions to help decrease the distro-dependencies are welcome.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Currently dracut lives on github.com and kernel.org.
|
Currently dracut lives on github.com and kernel.org.
|
||||||
|
|
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The tarballs can be found here:
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The tarballs can be found here:
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@ -62,15 +36,7 @@ The tarballs can be found here:
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ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/dracut/
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ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/dracut/
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Git:
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Git:
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/boot/dracut/dracut.git
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https://github.com/dracutdevs/dracut.git
|
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http://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/boot/dracut/dracut.git
|
|
||||||
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/boot/dracut/dracut.git
|
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git@github.com:dracutdevs/dracut.git
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Git Web:
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https://github.com/dracutdevs/dracut.git
|
|
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|
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http://git.kernel.org/?p=boot/dracut/dracut.git
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http://git.kernel.org/?p=boot/dracut/dracut.git
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|
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Project Documentation:
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Project Documentation:
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@ -79,8 +45,8 @@ Project Documentation:
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Project Wiki:
|
Project Wiki:
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http://dracut.wiki.kernel.org
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http://dracut.wiki.kernel.org
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|
|
||||||
See the TODO file for things which still need to be done and HACKING for
|
See the github issue tracker for things which still need to be done and HACKING.md
|
||||||
some instructions on how to get started. There is also a mailing list
|
for some instructions on how to get started. There is also a mailing list
|
||||||
that is being used for the discussion -- initramfs@vger.kernel.org.
|
that is being used for the discussion -- initramfs@vger.kernel.org.
|
||||||
It is a typical vger list, send mail to majordomo@vger.kernel.org with body
|
It is a typical vger list, send mail to majordomo@vger.kernel.org with body
|
||||||
of 'subscribe initramfs email@host.com'
|
of 'subscribe initramfs email@host.com'
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
112
README.modules
112
README.modules
|
|
@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
Most of the functionality that dracut implements are actually implemented
|
|
||||||
by dracut modules. dracut modules live in modules.d, and have the following
|
|
||||||
structure:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
dracut_install_dir/modules.d/
|
|
||||||
00modname/
|
|
||||||
module-setup.sh
|
|
||||||
check
|
|
||||||
<other files as needed by the hook>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
00modname: The name of the module prefixed by a two-digit numeric sort code.
|
|
||||||
The numeric code must be present and in the range of 00 - 99.
|
|
||||||
Modules with lower numbers are installed first. This is important
|
|
||||||
because the dracut install functions (which install files onto
|
|
||||||
the initrd) refuse to overwrite already installed files. This makes
|
|
||||||
it easy for an earlier module to override the functionality of a
|
|
||||||
later module, so that you can have a distro or system specific
|
|
||||||
module override or modify the functionality of a generic module
|
|
||||||
without having to patch the more generic module.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
module-setup.sh:
|
|
||||||
dracut sources this script to install the functionality that a
|
|
||||||
module implements onto the initrd. For the most part, this amounts
|
|
||||||
to copying files from the host system onto the initrd in a controlled
|
|
||||||
manner.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
install():
|
|
||||||
This function of module-setup.sh is called to install all
|
|
||||||
non-kernel files. dracut supplies several install functions that are
|
|
||||||
specialized for different file types. Browse through dracut-functions
|
|
||||||
fore more details. dracut also provides a $moddir variable if you
|
|
||||||
need to install a file from the module directory, such as an initrd
|
|
||||||
hook, a udev rule, or a specialized executable.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
installkernel():
|
|
||||||
This function of module-setup.sh is called to install all
|
|
||||||
kernel related files.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
check():
|
|
||||||
dracut calls this function to check and see if a module can be installed
|
|
||||||
on the initrd.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
When called without options, check should check to make sure that
|
|
||||||
any files it needs to install into the initrd from the host system
|
|
||||||
are present. It should exit with a 0 if they are, and a 1 if they are
|
|
||||||
not.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
When called with $hostonly set, it should perform the same check
|
|
||||||
that it would without it set, and it should also check to see if the
|
|
||||||
functionality the module implements is being used on the host system.
|
|
||||||
For example, if this module handles installing support for LUKS
|
|
||||||
encrypted volumes, it should return 0 if all the tools to handle
|
|
||||||
encrpted volumes are available and the host system has the root
|
|
||||||
partition on an encrypted volume, 1 otherwise.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
depends():
|
|
||||||
This function should output a list of dracut modules
|
|
||||||
that it relies upon. An example would be the nfs and iscsi modules,
|
|
||||||
which rely on the network module to detect and configure network
|
|
||||||
interfaces.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Any other files in the module will not be touched by dracut directly.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You are encouraged to provide a README that describes what the module is for.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
HOOKS
|
|
||||||
=====
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
init has the following hook points to inject scripts:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/lib/dracut/hooks/cmdline/*.sh
|
|
||||||
scripts for command line parsing
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/lib/dracut/hooks/pre-udev/*.sh
|
|
||||||
scripts to run before udev is started
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/lib/dracut/hooks/pre-trigger/*.sh
|
|
||||||
scripts to run before the main udev trigger is pulled
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/lib/dracut/hooks/initqueue/*.sh
|
|
||||||
runs in parallel to the udev trigger
|
|
||||||
Udev events can add scripts here with /sbin/initqueue.
|
|
||||||
If /sbin/initqueue is called with the "--onetime" option, the script
|
|
||||||
will be removed after it was run.
|
|
||||||
If /lib/dracut/hooks/initqueue/work is created and udev >= 143 then
|
|
||||||
this loop can process the jobs in parallel to the udevtrigger.
|
|
||||||
If the udev queue is empty and no root device is found or no root
|
|
||||||
filesystem was mounted, the user will be dropped to a shell after
|
|
||||||
a timeout.
|
|
||||||
Scripts can remove themselves from the initqueue by "rm $job".
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/lib/dracut/hooks/pre-mount/*.sh
|
|
||||||
scripts to run before the root filesystem is mounted
|
|
||||||
Network filesystems like NFS that do not use device files are an
|
|
||||||
exception. Root can be mounted already at this point.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/lib/dracut/hooks/mount/*.sh
|
|
||||||
scripts to mount the root filesystem
|
|
||||||
If the udev queue is empty and no root device is found or no root
|
|
||||||
filesystem was mounted, the user will be dropped to a shell after
|
|
||||||
a timeout.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/lib/dracut/hooks/pre-pivot/*.sh
|
|
||||||
scripts to run before latter initramfs cleanups
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/lib/dracut/hooks/cleanup/*.sh
|
|
||||||
scripts to run before the real init is executed and the initramfs
|
|
||||||
disappears
|
|
||||||
All processes started before should be killed here.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
For the testsuite to work, you will have to install at least the following software packages:
|
|
||||||
dash \
|
|
||||||
asciidoc \
|
|
||||||
mdadm \
|
|
||||||
lvm2 \
|
|
||||||
dmraid \
|
|
||||||
cryptsetup \
|
|
||||||
nfs-utils \
|
|
||||||
nbd \
|
|
||||||
dhcp-server \
|
|
||||||
scsi-target-utils \
|
|
||||||
iscsi-initiator-utils \
|
|
||||||
strace \
|
|
||||||
syslinux \
|
|
||||||
python-imgcreate \
|
|
||||||
genisoimage \
|
|
||||||
btrfs-progs \
|
|
||||||
kmod-devel \
|
|
||||||
gcc \
|
|
||||||
bzip2 \
|
|
||||||
xz \
|
|
||||||
tar \
|
|
||||||
wget \
|
|
||||||
rpm-build \
|
|
||||||
${NULL}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
TEST-04-FULL-SYSTEMD: systemd >= 187
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
How to run the testsuite:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$ sudo make clean check
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
in verbose mode:
|
|
||||||
$ sudo make V=1 clean check
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
only specific test:
|
|
||||||
$ sudo make TESTS="01 20 40" clean check
|
|
||||||
only runs the 01, 20 and 40 tests.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
debug a specific test case:
|
|
||||||
$ cd TEST-01-BASIC
|
|
||||||
$ sudo make clean setup run
|
|
||||||
... change some kernel parameters ...
|
|
||||||
$ sudo make run
|
|
||||||
to run the test without doing the setup
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ echo 'dracut_rescue_image="yes"' > $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{dracutlibdir}/dracut.conf.d/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
%files
|
%files
|
||||||
%if %{with doc}
|
%if %{with doc}
|
||||||
%doc README.md HACKING TODO AUTHORS NEWS dracut.html dracut.png dracut.svg
|
%doc README.md HACKING.md TODO AUTHORS NEWS dracut.html dracut.png dracut.svg
|
||||||
%endif
|
%endif
|
||||||
%{!?_licensedir:%global license %%doc}
|
%{!?_licensedir:%global license %%doc}
|
||||||
%license COPYING lgpl-2.1.txt
|
%license COPYING lgpl-2.1.txt
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue